Kidney and Urinary Tract Questions and Answers

Choose the best answer A text on preparing a recipe can be best understood through O sequencing O interpretation O description O reflection

Which structure is not part of a nephron O ureters O peritubular capillaries O glomeruli

Identify the figure of speech used in the sentence below Death lays his icy hand on kings O Simile O Metaphor O Hyperbole O Personification

31 Mary is a 70 kg standard female who presents to the physician s office with severe lethargy The patient has severe gastritis The patient work up suggests a differential diagnosis One of the possibilities is anemia Extensive lab work is done and here are the results hematocrit 27 hemoglobin 7 gm dIRBC 3 million mm3WBC 9 000 mm3Reticulocyte count HighMCHC NormalMCV NormalMCH NormalPeripheral smear the RBC is 9 micromillimeters in width The cells are normal color A Does the patient have anemia If yes is it increased destruction or decreased production B What does the severe gastritis suggest C What do you think the patient s condition is due to

O True O False Question 3 2 F Rating scales are not widely used in psychology as a means of quantifying subjective psychological variables of many kinds Truo

of two groups a group who has to read a pamphlet on STD s and a group who has to watch a video with other adolescents who contracted STD s because of early sexual activity He then asks them to fill out a survey to see if there is a difference in attitudes about early sexual activity that may be caused by the type of educational material they were exposed to In this situation which is the independent variable O the things the adolescents in the video said the type of educational material students reviewed O the responses on the survey the age of the participants Question 22 Re read 21 In this situation which is the dependent variable O the things the adolescents in the video said O the age of the participants the responses on the survey 5 pts

HEA 213 Human Body Systems A P for the Public Health Professio 55 The renal medulla is composed of the O renal pyramids nephrons O renal columns renal pyramids O renal corpuscles nephrons O renal pyramids thin fibrous tissue Respiratory Acidosis O Respiratory Alkalosis Metabolic Alkalosis Diabetes 56 A condition in which the body has a build up of ketones is called O Metabolic Acidosis 57 Acid Base Buffers Systems regulate O Protein synthesis Hydrogen ion concentrations 0 O Enzyme metabolism 100 0 while the renal cortex is composed of

45 The is the tube that carries urine outside the body Oureter Ocollecting duct Ourethra Obladder 46 The two main fluid compartments are O Electrolytes and Water O Acidosis and Alkalosis O Metabolism and Respiratory O Abdominal Cavity and Pelvic Cavity O Extracellular and Intracellular 47 A by product of protein metabolism found in urine is OUric acid O Urea O Ammonia O Water

99 Which of the following blood pH levels are within normal ranges O 5 8 O 6 2 O 7 45 O 7 9 O 6 6 100 John has Gout He experiences pain in his fingers due to excess his joints O Urea O Uric Acid Calcium Filtrate that has lead to crystal deposits in

4 There is no difference in the anatomical structure of the urethra in males and females O True False 5 Which alveoli cell type is a simple squamous epithelial cell Type I Type II Goblet Cells Mucous Cells Alpha Cells 6 Oxygen and carbon dioxide binds to what structure in red blood cells Iron Hemoglobin Nucleus Cytoplasm

HEA 213 Human 67 Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system regulate fluid volume filter blood of wastes excrete waste products regulate neural pathways 68 The fibrous coat of the ureter is what give it structure True False 69 Which section of the small intestine is the longest O Duodenum lleum Cecum O Jejunum 70 During inspiration what events are occurring O Diaphragm contracts and flattens

55 Lung tissue scarring has what effect on breathing depth O Increase depth O Decreases depth O Has no effect on depth O None of the above are true O Widens depth 56 A renal clearance test can determine the rate at which kidneys can O Excrete water O Reabsorb nutrients O Remove a chemical from the blood O Add a chemical to the blood 57 The average total lung capacity is O 3 Liters O 6 Liters O 2 Liters 8 Liters

Temperature O Solubility O Color Shape O Concentration 59 Up to 33 55 O 70 O 100 rate of water and electrolytes from filtrate is recycled and reabsorbed in the proximal tubule 60 The three types of muscles in the stomach are categorized as all of the following EXCEPT O Pennate O Circular O Oblique

Professio 86 Conscious control of urination inhibits micturition by using what structure O Medulla O Cerebral cortex and pons O Spinal cord O Hypothalamus 87 The waste product pulled from blood in the glomerulus and dumped into the proximal tubule is called O Uric acid O Urea O Filtrate O Urine 88 During tubular reabsorption nutrients are sent back to what area O Renal pelvis O Interstitial spaces O Glomerulus O Ureter 89 Venule bundles in the glomerulus carry blood into the Bowmans capsule

93 A spiroscope is used to conduct spirometry O True False 94 Which of the following is a way that the body loses electrolytes O Exercise O Sweating Bowel movements O Urination O All of the above 95 The process of urination begins when the brain transmits a signal to the muscular bladder wall instructing it t while simultaneously signaling the sphincters to O Tighten relax Relax loosen O Contract tighten O Relax tighten

43 Which bone forms the medial wall of the orbit and hold supports the tear ducts Vomer O Lacrimal O Palatine Nasal Conchae 44 What pelvic muscle is responsible for adduction of the thigh and lateral rotation of the leg O Adductor longus O Adductor brevis O Obturator O Pectineus Olliacus 45 The gets its name from secretory granules in their cytoplasm O Stratum lucidum O Stratum spinosum O Stratum granulosum O Stratum corneum

About 65 of filtrate that goes into the nephron immediately leaves back to the circulatory system in the proximal convoluted tubule and is called water

Question 9 O True 4 Once liquids in the kidney get past the collecting ducts and enter the calyces they cannot be put back into the body and must leave as waste O False 2 pts

The capillaries at the first point of exchange in the nephron are much slower at filtration than most of the body s capillaries True False Question 4 5 pts Explain why drinking urine especially in emergency situations would actually dehydrate a person instead of hydrating a person Use the concentration of urine as the basis of your argument

D 07 O 50 O 25 0 99 Question 2 The average human excretes number of liters of urine in 24 hours 06

In the following flowchart that details the complete urine drainage network seen in the ki identify what kidney component is represented by marker D several Nephron Pyramid Pelvis several several right left Collecting Duct D Ureter

A intrinsic factor OB mucus C gastrin D hydrochloric acid E pepsinogen

Name the blood vessel between the arrows

Name the red vessel just between the arrows

Name the red vessel between the arrows 3

Angiotensin II elevates systemic blood pressure by A triggering arteriole constriction B inhibiting aldosterone C inhibiting ADH OD O E promoting the excretion of sodium promoting the release of ANP

What role or roles do erythrocytes have in the blood Carry hormones and ions Carry oxygen Move both oxygen and carbon dioxide All of these Transport carbon dioxide

Gross Anatomy of the Accessory Reproductive Glands The gross anatomy this exercise 7 of the seminal vesicles prostate gland and bulbourethral glands are examined in 1 Using models and charts that may be available in the lab identify the gross anatomical fea tures of the seminal vesicles prostate gland and bulbourethral glands Use the list below as a checklist for the terms seminal vesicles bulbourethral glands membranous urethra prostate gland 2 Label the accessory glands in Figure 12 4 by filling in the blanks following the figure Ureter Pubic bone cut 1 2 Prostatic urethra 3 Coffe Urinary bladder Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct 4 Ampulla of ductus deferens Urogenital diaphragm Figure 12 4 The accessory glands Spongy urethra

Figure 1 13 illustrates the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Pathway Fill in the blanks to complete the illustration 2 Liver makes Blood vessels 6 Strong vaso creases blood pressure Low blood volume blood Na or blood pressure secretes 1 Blood volume increases 5 Kidney 3 8 9 4 7 Lungs Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Adrenal cortex secretes Kidney tubules water follows by osmosis Figure 1 13 The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Pathway

ydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus 12 What would have to happen to the afferent and efferent arterioles to increase pressure What would have to happen to decrease pressure Think in terms of constriction and dilat Afferent To increase pressure To decrease pressure Efferent

A The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract B The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin which allows a great deal of stretch C Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine

Match the description to the most appropriate joint condition Uric acid crystals accumulate in the joint Joint stiffness resulting from a tick born bacterial infection Reduction in joint cartilage caused by age or wear and tear Can result in a popping of the jaw and headaches Surgical replacement of a diseased joint An autoimmune disease that leads to joint inflammation TMJ disorder Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Lyme disease Gouty arthritis Arthroplasty

The question is what is the body really trying to regulate when it increases ventilation during exercise The equation for ACR above lists six different variables Is it one of those Which one is the KEY variable

If body pH drops by only 0 05 pH units below normal acidosis results Why dont people develop acidosis when they exercise hint input output

What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide ANP When would it be secreted How would it help maintain homeostasis

How does the permeability of the ascending limb of the nephron loop affect the concentration of the ltrate as it flows up the loop

Ammonia and urea are waste products that the kidneys struggle to control Based on your DATA why

City State Local Time Time in Fiji estion 2 Data Table 2 Chemical Formulas Chemical Name Water Hydrogen Peroxide suva Ba 10 26 10 22 Formula

How does the permeability of the descending limb of the nephron loop affect the concentration of the ltrate as it flows toward the bottom of the loop How does the permeability of the ascending limb of the nephron loop affect the concentration of the ltrate as it flows up the loop

The vasa recta is a capillary and is permeable to both water and sodium Describe water movement and sodium movement as blood flows down the descending vasa recta The vasa recta is a capillary and is permeable to both water and sodium Describe water movement and sodium movement as blood flows up the ascending ya a recta

Considering the concept of transport maximum why would a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have glucose in their urine What effect does aldosterone have on the membranes of the kidney tubule and how does this effect sodium reabsorption

2 The ascending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to but not permeable to

How does ADH antidiuretic hormone affect the collecting duct membrane and how does this influence water reabsorption In dehydration and overbydration what would be the levels of a ADH dehydration b Aldosterone dehydration overbydration 1 or 1 overhydration tor

How does sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule drive the reabsorption of other solutes such as glucose Explain the concept of transport maximum in your own words

What triggers the release of aldosterone What is the function of aldosterone What hormone must be present for water to osmotically follow sodium in the collecting duct What is the function of this hormone

How does NaCl movement out of the ascending nephron loop affect water movement in the escending nephron loop How is the permeability of the collecting duct different than the permeability of the rest of the kidney cubule

For each part of the renal tubule listed tell whether reabsorption secretion or both processes happen there a Proximal tubule b Nephron loop c Distal tubule d Collecting duct List at least 4 solutes that are secreted into the filtrate With these items in mind explain why secretion is so important in generating urine

is the movement of water and valuable solutes from the filtrate in the renal tubules into the blood In which part of the renal tubule does this take place In which part of the renal tubules does most of it take place is the movement of selected solutes from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule for excretion

How does the Na K pump affect the reabsorption of sodium and water in the renal tubule Consuming a salty meal would increase decrease water reabsorption from the filtrate

Protein metabolism generates an abundance of nitrogen waste that takes the toxic form of ammonia NH3 How is this toxic product eliminated from the body O it is converted to urea and eliminated in the urine Oit is removed in the urine as ammonia O nitrogen waste is never removed from the body it is incorporated into new proteins O it is broken down in the Kreb s cycle O it combines with oxygen and is removed through the respiratory system