Respiratory System Questions and Answers
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemThe blood level of which gas is most important in controlling human respiration rate?
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
oxygen
nitrogen
nitric acid
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemIn humans, for carbon dioxide to be excreted, it must pass
from the blood into the
nephrons
lungs
sweat glands
the liver
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhich of the following acts as an allergen that causes hay fever?
Pollen
Bacteria
Peanuts
Milk
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemLarry is taking a walk in the park. The pollen in the air makes him sneeze constantly. What line of defense is his immune system exhibiting?
A first line of defense
B.second line of defense
C third line of defense
D.fourth line of defense
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemFill in the box with one of the following terms: anemia, asthma, arthritis, arteriosclerosis. Sue has a breathing problem. The doctors have diagnosed that the small airways in her lungs have narrowed. Sue is suffering from
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemThe serous membrane that lines the lungs is the
visceral pericardium
visceral pleura
parietal pericardium
parietal pleura
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat are the implications of the SARS- CoV-2 employing the enzyme ACE2 for host cell entry?
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat would increase the amount of oxygen unloaded by hemoglobin into peripheral tissues?
decreased levels of PCO2
decreased temperature
decreased levels of BPG (2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate)
decreased pH
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemHow does the activity of rapidly-adapting receptors (RAR) in the lung, slowly adapting receptors (SAR) in the lung, and baroreceptors (BR) in the aorta change with deep breathing compared to normal tidal breathing?
RAR increases, SAR increases, BR increases
RAR increases, SAR does not change, BR increases
RAR does not change, SAR increases, BR increases
RAR decreases, SAR decreases, BR decreases
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhich of the following is true about the breathing process?
For air to enter into the lungs, the atmospheric pressure must be equal to intrapulmonary pressure
The pleural fluid allows the lungs to expand without friction in the thoracic cavity
As lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure increases
The scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles are primary respiratory muscles
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemThe volume that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is the:
vital capacity.
residual volume.
functional residual capacity.
dead space volume.
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhich term best describes the amount of air expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort?
A) Tidal volume
B Vital capacity
C) Residual volume
D) Total lung capacity
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat are the similarities between the two events of Spanish flu and COVID that are over 100 years apart.
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat cells clean and digest debris entering the alveoli?
type I alveolar cells
goblet cells
type II alveolar cells
alveolar macrophages
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat gas exchange problems do you expect to see when surface area is lost due to emphysema?
hyperventilation
eupnea
hypocapnia
both hypercapnia and hypoxemia
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhich of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?
nose
pharynx
trachea
larynx
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat statement best describes tidal volume?
Tidal volume is the air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration
Tidal volume is the air exchanged during normal breathing
Tidal volume is the air exhaled after normal inspiration
Tidal volume is the air forcibly expelled after normal expiration
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemThe respiratory system does NOT function in:
acid-base homeostasis
odor detection
speech production
blood cell production
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat is part of the respiratory zone?
nose
nas cavity
trachea
alveoli
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemDuring exhalation, air flow out of the lungs up the pressure gradient.
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat type of alveolar cell produces surfactant?
alveolar macrophages
type II alveolar cells
dust cells
type I alveolar cells
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat cells are categorized as agranulocytes?
neutrophils and basophils
lymphocytes and monocytes
reticulocytes and erythrocytes
eosinophils and basophils
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemIf the thymus shrank and stopped making hormones in a child, we would expect to see a decrease in the number of:
B lymphocytes (B cells)
neutrophils
T lymphocytes (T cells)
eosinophils
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemGas exchange occurs in all of the following EXCEPT:
alveolar sacs
respiratory bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
alveolar ducts
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat of the following should NOT elicit an immune response in your own body?
major histocompatibility complex (MH molecules bound to antigens)
self antigens
immunogens
haptens bound with a protein carrier
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhy are the rings of cartilage surrounding the trachea C-shaped?
The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing
The C rings of cartilage allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing
The C rings of cartilage keep the trachea patent (open)
more than one answer is correct
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhich of the following is NOT one of the four major processes of respiration?
dissociation curve
oxygen-hemoglobin
pulmonary ventilation
pulmonary gas exchange
gas transport
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemEach of the following factors affects the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange EXCEPT:
diameter of an alveolus
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries
thickness of the respiratory membrane
surface area of the respiratory membrane
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemThe process of respiration that moves air into and out of the lungs is:
gas transport
tissue gas exchange
pulmonary gas exchange
pulmonary ventilation
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemVital capacity=
expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
inspiratory reserve volume + residual volume
tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + residual volume
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhich process of respiration relies on partial pressure gradients?
pulmonary ventilation only
pulmonary gas exchange and tissue gas exchange
gas transport and pulmonary ventilation
gas transport only
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemThe term "breathing" is synonymous with the term "ventilation". True or False
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemDescribe the specific events of the ventilation process. Be sure to include all additional structures that contribute to ventilation.
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemBased on your answers to the previous two questions, and the fact that muscle contraction requires ATP,
a. what can you say about the energy requirements of inspiration and expiration (normal quiet breathing using only the diaphragm)?
b. Is inspiration active or passive?
c. Is expiration active or passive?
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemUnder conditions where normal breathing isn't sufficient, other muscles will assist the diaphragm in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity. A muscle that increases the volume of the thoracic cavity will cause pressure to (1/1) which means that it is helping with forced (inspiration/expiration). A muscle that decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity will cause pressure to (1/1) which means that it is helping with forced (inspiration/expiration).
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemIf the diaphragm were to contract
what would happen to the volume (space) of your thoracic cavity (increase/decrease)?
b. what would happen to the pressure (increase/decrease)?
C. which way will the air flow (inward/outward)?
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemIf the diaphragm were to relax
a. what would happen to the volume (space) of your thoracic cavity (increase/decrease)?
b. what would happen to the pressure (increase/decrease)?
c. which way will the air flow (inward//outward)?
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemDescribe the cellular makeup and the location of the olfactory epithelium.
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemIn addition to classifying the respiratory anatomy according to location (upper and lower respiratory tract), we also classify respiratory anatomy according to function-the conducting and respiratory divisions. What is the essential difference between the conducting division and the respiratory division?
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemDescribe what happens to oxygen during external respiration. Which structures does it cross?
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhat role does each of the cells below play in the maintenance of the alveolus?
a. great alveolar cell
b. squamous alveolar cell
c. alveolar macrophage:
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemCompare the shape and lobes of the left and right lungs. What makes them different from one another?
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory System18. Describe what happens to oxygen during internal respiration. Which structures does it cross?
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemWhich of the following contributes to keeping the lung inflated?
Positive intrapleural pressure
Negative transmural pressure gradient
Maintaining a constant tidal volume
Contraction of the diaphragm
Atmospheric pressure
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemIn restrictive pulmonary disease, ______ is decreased.
tidal volume
total lung capacity
functional residual capacity
expiratory volume
residual volume
Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory SystemThe Bohr effect _____
defines the diffusion coefficient for each gas
describes the effect of pH on the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide.
describes the mechanism of ventilation.
describes the effect of solubility on the amount of gas dissolved in blood.
describes the effect of pH on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.