Birds have key adaptations that reduce body and power 1. Birds (Aves) appeared in the Jurassic period as descendants of

Question

Birds have key adaptations that reduce body and power
1. Birds (Aves) appeared in the Jurassic period as descendants of carnivorous, bipedal
dinosaurs. They are members of the archosaurs. Powered flight gave birds access to new
adaptive zones, setting the stage for their astounding evolutionary success
2. The skeletons of birds are both lightweight and strong. Most birds have adaptations,
such as hollow limb bones with small supporting struts.
The bones associated with
3.
4.
Like the skeleton, soft internal organs are modified in ways that reduce weight. Most birds
lack a urinary bladder; uric acid paste is eliminated with digestive wastes.
5. All birds also possess
which are sturdy, lightweight structures
derived from scales in the skin of their ancestors.
are generally large. The forelimb and
forefoot are elongated, forming the structural support for the wing. Not all birds are strong
fliers, like ostriches.
6.
Other adaptations allow birds to harness the energy needed to power their flight muscles.
Their metabolic rates are eight to ten times higher than those of reptiles. They have an
efficient respiratory system and four-chambered heart to distribute oxygen.

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