If the actual value of a time series at time t and the

Last updated: 8/4/2023

If the actual value of a time series at time t and the forecast value for time t is denoted by At and Ft respectively then the formula for the mean absolute deviation over a range of forecasted values is O MAD MAD MAD MAD A Ft 2 t 1 72 72 A1 F f 1 72 72 A4 F t 1 72 AL F f 1