Let us consider what happens in the case of Si or Ge crystal containing Natoms For Si the outermost orbit is the third orbit n 3

Question

Let us consider what happens in the case of Si or Ge crystal containing Natoms For Si the outermost orbit is the third orbit n 3 while for Ge it is the fourth orbit n 4 The number of electrons in the outermost orbit is 4 2s and 2p electrons Hence the total number of outer electrons in the crystal is 4N The maximum possible number of electrons in the outer orbit is 8 2s 6p electrons So for the 4Nvalence electrons there are 8N available energy states These 8N discrete energy levels can either form a continuous band or they may be grouped in different bands depending upon the distance between the atoms in the crystal see box on Band Theory of Solids At the distance between the atoms in the crystal lattices of Si and Ge the energy band of these 8N states is split apart into two which are separated by an energy gap E Fig 14 1 The lower band which is

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