Which of the following is the best version of the underlined

Last updated: 7/16/2022

Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced below)? Elk have been observed, cavorting over patches of snow, jumping and twisting their bodies, even when abundant bare ground is available nearby. (as it is now) observed cavorting over patches of snow, jumping and twisting their bodies, observed, cavorting over patches of snow, jumping, and twisting their bodies observed cavorting, over patches of snow, jumping and twisting their bodies,