General organic chemistry Questions and Answers

t Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism of this epoxide rearrangement Arrow pushing Instructions 00 XT OH H SO4 THF HO 88

Give the number of valence electrons for F

What are the strongest intermolecular forces in SF dipole dipole forces hydrogen bonds Oion dipole forces O covalent bonds London forces

Which of the following is the MOST electronegative Cs F O Please just put in name as it appears here

Draw the the structure of the following compounds a methoxypropane A dinvacuclohen FLORIS

The Sharpless epoxidation is used when a single enantiomer product is required Predict the structure of the predominant product of the following transformation Si Ho H 8 H H OH Use the wedge hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists For your convenience the starting material has been drawn for you in the sketchpad diethyl tartrate Ti O Pr 4 t butyl hydroperoxide 4 Sn 1

Which of the following is the LEAST electronegative Mg F O Please just put in name as it appears here

Identify the correct chair conformation of cyclohexane showing all the axial hydrogen atoms H H HI DI INC HHH HHH V HA SH H HH HH IV H H V

hemistry what is the product 2 2 CH3 1 NBS heat peroxide 3 CEN 3 Ha Pd C

O trigonal planar Otetrahedral

Perform the following calculation and report your answer to the correct number of significant figures 62 41 5 36

Choose which enantiomer of diethyl tartrate is used to prepare the epoxides shown using a Sharpless epoxidation H diethyl tartrate diethyl tartrate H O OH OH Try Another Version 2 item attempts remaining k

Consider the Phase Diagram below Pressure A Liquid L 6 B Which is more dense the liquid or the solid H Temperature E A

Amines suitable for preparing buffers are often synthesized by treating ammonia with epoxides Consider the following series of reactions and draw the structure of compound B NH3 A B J A B C You do not have to consider stereochemistry

2 Describe the difference between a pure substance and a mixture oyunlad a ser voe soiton toyo basoow caneled and hur nulou a ball of oonaled a gaiet otro esisinaq onu quw bebiyong deind Hame od dve dc The mood qaswa consled ob no todoscar novd botitas danys bus conseil eoqalb br 19ng to

Determine the polarity of SO2 Please type in the answer as either polar or nonpolar

Which of the following is a polar covalent bond select all that apply OF F O H OK CI C S C O N H C H

reagent s in order that will react with 1 butanol to form 1 butanethiol Specify the reagents you would use to carry out the conversion by using letters from the table The reaction may require more than on step if so write the letters in the order that they are used e g abc No more than four steps are required for this synthesis If two or more ways of conversion to the same product are possible show only one of them Reagents available a HS Na H O d K Cr O7 H SO4 H O heat g SOC12 pyridine b H3PO4 heat e H SO4 H O h O8O4 H O2 c Cl H O f RCO3 H i Pyridinium chlorochromate PCC The reagent is

Draw the structural formula s for the organic product s formed when the following compound is heated at reflux in an excess of concentrated HI You do not have to consider stereochemistry If a compound is formed more than once add another sketcher and draw it again Draw one structure per sketcher Add additional sketchers using the drop down menu in the bottom right corner Separate multiple products using the sign from the drop down menu A W

Caffeine contains by mass 49 5 C 5 15 H 28 9 N and 16 5 O and the molecular mass is 195g mol What are the empirical and molecular formulas of caffeine Ensure all work is shown

Following is an equation for the reaction of diethyl ether and oxygen to form a hydroperoxide OH 02 diethyl ether a hydroperoxide Draw curved fishhook arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism Assume that initiation is by a radical R Arrow pushing Instructions XI

Draw the next most important resonance structure for the enolate shown Use curved arrows to show the delocalization of electron pairs in both structures Include lone pairs of electrons formal charges and be sure to draw all hydrogen atoms You can add condensed hydrogens using the More menu selecting H and clicking on the carbon as many times as needed Draw curved arrows to form the next most important resonance structure Select Draw Rings More C O H C 0 IC CH Erase Draw the next most important resonance structure then draw curved arrows to reform the first structure Select Draw Rings C More O Erase

v of this molecule CH3CH CH CH O CH CH CH CH CH3

1st structure 2nd structure SCH3 SCH3

C Problem mini 14 34 Rank each of the identified bonds in order of increasing wavenumber H OH R CEN TTT

HN 1 The synthesis of this compound uses a building block derived from either ethylene oxide or epichlorohydrin 1 Determine which building block was used 2 Draw the structure of the nucleophiles that Carteolol OH You do not have to consider stereochemistry Draw one structure per sketcher Add additional sketchers using the drop down menu in the bottom right corner ethylene oxide epichlorohydrin Y with this building block in the synthesis of the molecule Sn F

To help farmers and gardeners commercial fertilizers have a big three number NPK label on the bag that gives the amounts of three key plant nutrients nitrogen phosphorus and potassium For example a bag of 10 10 10 fertilizer has 10 by mass nitrogen 10 by mass potassium as potash K O and 10 by mass phosphorus as phosphate P O5 Suppose a certain fertilizer has the following composition ingredient ammonium phosphate NH4 PO4 Ca NO3 calcium nitrate urea NH CO inert ingredients percent by mass 17 31 29 23 What should the first nitrogen number on the bag label be That is calculate the percent by mass of nitrogen in this fertilizer Round your answer to the

Which conversion factor would be used to convert from moles Cl to moles of HCI CH4 4Cl CCI 4HCI 1 mol Cl 1 mol HCI 4 mol HCl 4 mol Cl 1 mol Cl 4 mol HCl 4 mol HCI 1 mol Cl

1p 3 How many chirality centers are present in Sucralose an artificial sweetener sold under the trade name Splenda HO CL HO H HO A 10 B 8 C 9 4 Calculate the degree of unsaturation in the molecular formula C20H3002 pt A 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 HO OH H A S 5 Calculate the degree of unsaturation in the molecular formula C 0H14N20 Cl pt A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 6 What is the configuration at the stereocenter in the compound D 7 wn below B R 1 pt E 6 E 8 E 6

A ship cabin has a volume 7 32 x 10 L and pressure of 966 KPa Calculate the pressure in the cabin when temperature changes from 24 C to 36 C X BIU CO CO 8 EES Source More

Following are the steps in the industrial synthesis of glycerin 0 H C CHCH3 Propene Draw the structure of compound D Cl heat RYY A C3H5CI C C3H7CIO Ca OH 2 heat Use the wedge hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists If the reaction produces a racemic mixture draw both stereoisomers Separate structures with signs from the drop down menu NaOH H O n F B C3H6O D C3H6O2 Cl H O H O HCI OH HOCH CHCH OH 1 2 3 Propanetriol glycerol glycerin

Which of the following molecules contain an aldehyde group OCH HO Vanilla flavor 1 O I II III OI IV O I II IV O I II III IV OCH De H HO Cinnamon flavor II Spearmint flavor III CH Almond flavor IV

14 34 Rank each of the identified bonds in order of increasing wavenumber Youn OH Y T R C N

Urea 2 Explain the theoretical concept underlying this experiment 3 How can the theoretical concept underlying this experiment be used in ano specific application this question is in the template that youwill use to write

What is the molarity of a solution that dissolves 87 00 grams of Ni C in enough water to make 1288 4 mL of solution Always have at least 2 NON zero decimal places in your answer Please include units on your answer Answer

Benzoic acid Vanillin Mandelic acid trans Cinnamic acid Urea Unknown A 50 50 mix of unknown A 50 50 mix of unknown A Benzoic acid Your task Additional tasks Compound 20 122 122 83 120 122 119 132 133 133 131 133 133 X Benzoic acid 114 116 115 95 Vanillin 120 121121 49 Discuss each of the results identify the unknown and explain the reason s for your choice of identity of unknown LI M 1 Draw the structures of each of the compounds used in this experiment and identify each the functional groups in each compound Functional groups Structures L2 M

A gas sample is found to contain 39 10 carbon 7 67 hydrogen 26 11 xygen 16 82 phosphorus and 10 30 fluorine If the molecular mass is 184 1 mol what is the molecular formula

23 A 20 0 L cylinder of oxygen gas is at a temperature of 27 0 C and a pressure of 5 00 atm What is the density of the oxygen gas in the cylinder 3 25 g L 6 50 g L 0 203 g L 72 0 g L

Draw the skeletal structure for the following organic compounds 1 3 O H3C CH CH CH CH 4 H3C H C C C C CH CH3 CH CH3

Another example would be the following molecule OM Solution and Explanation he longest carbon chain here would be 4 carbons making this a butanol ol because of the alcohol group Since the OH group here is on the second carbon this would make 2 butanol There are 2 methyl groups on this compound making the branching dimethyl One of the methyl branches is on the 2nd carbon while the other is on the 3rd carbon The name here would be 2 3 dimethyl 2 butanol This is a tertiary alcohol because the 2nd carbon that the alcohol group

CI CH3 H C CHCHC CH CH CH CH3 CH3 CH CH3 9 CH3 H C CH CH CH CH3 8 HO C CH CH CH CH CH3 CH C 10 OH H3C CH CH CH CH3 CH3 H3C

For each pair of compounds click on the one that will undergo an SN 1 reaction faster x Br Br CI CI CI OSO CH3 X X X X

How does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction A by lowering the activation energy B by lowering the AH of the reaction C by raising the energy of the products D by raising the energy of the reactants

12 32 Rank each set of alcohols below in order of increasing acidity and explain your reasoning CI CI a b CI OH OH LOH CI CI OH CI OH OH CI CI NO OH OH LOH

Draw a resonance structure that shifts a lone pair from the oxygen to form a new pi bond Include all lone pairs in your structure Select to Draw

One of the molecular orbitals of 1 3 pentadienyl anion CH CHCH CHCH is shown below Identify the number of nodal planes perpendicular to the bonding axis 8 8 8 8 1 4 2 LO 5 nodes 3 6 X C

The IUPAC name for the following molecule is i i HO O2 4 8 trioxo oct 6 en 1 ol O 3 7 doxo hept 5 enoic acid O 8 hydroxy 5 7 dioxooct 2 enal O 1 hydroxy oct 6 en 2 4 8 trione

What is needed for this transformation Na ND3 1 30 C D2 Rh C ethanol cold O dilute D3PO4 Q 1 LiNH2 NH3 2 D D D

In the mechanism for the forward reaction in the equilibrium shown one curved arrow starts at the lone pair of the 1 atom of compound 2 and attacks the 3 atom on A second arrow breaks the 5 bond compound 4 OH OH B 1 oxygen 2 B 3 hydrogen 4 A 5 oxygen hydrogen 1 oxygen 2 B 3 hydrogen 4 A 5 carbon oxygen 1 carbon 2 A 3 oxygen 4 B 5 oxygen hydrogen 1 oxygen 2 A 3 hydrogen 4 B 5 carbon hydrogen o H O D

L RIGHTS Bill o Rights with 14th Amendmen FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONGRESS PRESIDENT COURTS STATE GOVERNMENT TUP FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS Based on the political cartoon in Source C the cartoonist most likely believed that O Incorporation frees states to make their own decisions O Incorporation holds federal and state governments to the same standards in implementing the Bill of Rig O Incorporation binds states to the Federal Government rather than the Bill of Rights O Incorporation binds states to the Bill of Rights rather than the Federal Government 3 4