Questions

AABC is a 30 60 90 triangle where two vertices are A 3 2 and B 3 2 AB is the hypotenuse and point C is in Quadran 1 Find the coordinates of point C

Most bacteria like to attach to surfaces So where do you expect to find them in sediments as biofilms on sand silt and clay particles O attached to air gas bubbles swimming in the pore water

Which of the following compounds would be used by a chemoorganotroph for generating energy O glucose carbon dioxide O light O iron

What is an average concentration of bacterial and archaeal cells in marine water at several thousand meters depth O 10 cells ml O 108 cells ml O 106 cells ml O 10 cells ml

2 The graph of the tilted ellipse 2 xy y 3 is shown below The sides of the box are vertical and horizontal and also are tangent to the ellipse a Find for the tilted ellipse dy dx b Find the points on the ellipse where the tangent line is horizontal c Find the points on the ellipse where the tangent line is vertical d What are the dimensions of the box containing the ellipse e What are the coordinates of the four corners of the box containing the ellipse

Which metric describes the number of different species present in a community O species diversity species abundance O species evenness O species richness

During anaerobic respiration redox half reaction is lower O higher a compound can serve as an electron donor as long as the dono on the redox tower than that of the acceptor half reaction

What compound do most chemolithotrophs use as a source of carbon to build biomass O glucose carbon dioxide O organic sources other than glucose

Suppose f x and f x have the values shown X Let g x 80 f x 8 4 g 12 9 10 11 15 6 10 6 9 1 f x 5 12 3 10 Cannot Be Determined

or the functions w xy yz xz x 3u v y 3u v and z uv express ow dw du av valuate ow du and Express and aw v at the point u v as functions of u and v Find dw du du and using the chain rule and by expressing w directly in terms of u and v before differentiating Then dv

Which biomolecule functions as the major light harvesting pigment in cyanobacteria chlorophyll carotenoids bacteriochlorophyll chlorosomes

3 The graphs of f x and g x are shown to the right with f as a dotted line and g as a solid line Let F x fog x Find F 2 You may have to estimate some values Your estimates don t have to be exact but do show what your es timates of any needed values are 4 3 2 1 f x g x

Prochlorococcus a cyanobacterium is a free living marine organism that fixes CO into biomass while producing molecular oxygen utilized by swarms of other bacteria Which of the following is the most likely habitat of this bacterium sediments of a deep lake the euphotic light exposed zone of a pelagic aqueous environment O the ocean seafloor O the rhizosphere in soil O the aphotic zone of a pelagic aqueous environment

Which of the following is not a reduced molecule and can NOT be used as electron donor in chemolithotrophic organisms carbon dioxide CO O hydrogen H O sulfide H S O ammonium NH4

Evaluate the limit using L Hospital s rule if necessary lim

Consider the functions z 2e In y x In u cos v and y u sin v dz dz a Express and as functions of u and v both by using the Chain Rule and by expressing z directly in terms of u and v before differentiating du dz b Evaluate and du dz dv T at u v 2 3 a Find each partial derivative needed to use the Chain Rule to find dz du

You must decide whether to buy a new car for 28 000 or lease the same car over a three year period Under the terms of the lease you make a down payment of 2000 and have monthly payments of 350 At the end of three years the leased car has a residual value the amount you pay if you choose to buy the car at the end of the lease period of 15 000 Assume you sell the new car at the end of three years at the same residual value Compare the cost of leasing and buying the car OA Buy 13 000 lease 14 600 OB Buy 13 000 lease 14 900 OC Buy 13 000 lease 14 300 D Buy 14 000 lease 14 600

Many of the organisms that grow near deep sea black smokers are mesophiles and anaerobes hyperthermophiles and psychrophiles O hyperthermophiles and lithotrophs

Which metabolic strategy is most common in chemolithotrophic microbial mats at the surface of deepsea sediment O ammonia oxidation sulfide oxidation O iron oxidation O nitrate reduction

What type of energy yielding metabolism is found ONLY in Bacteria and Archaea not in Eukarya chemolithotrophy O chemoorganotrophy

Evaluate the limit using L Hospital s rule if necessary lim x I 0 28

Hemoglobin is a protein which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in the capillaries Interestingly your body controls this intake and drop off of oxygen by having different pH s at the two locations Instructions walk the audience through how oxygen binds to heme and if any structural changes occur along with explaining the binding capacity of oxygen to heme in the lungs and how that differs from that in the capillaries Also explain how Co intorn

3 Factor 3x 21x 24

A significant amount of methane CH4 is trapped as a solid underground or under marine sediments and is referred to as inorganic carbon O natural gas O liquid methane methane hydrates

Complete the table 1 n 11 12 2 O 1 OF 207 XC 262 x I Rewrite in the form ax Rewrite in the form ax 09 1 32 1 KE d da 1 xn 2x 1 2 x 2 12 V 3 00 0 0

You must decide whether to buy a new car for 28 000 or lease the same car over a three year period Under the terms of the lease you make a down payment of 2000 and have monthly payments of 350 At the end of three years the leased car has a residual value the amount you pay if you choose to buy the car at the end of the lease period of 15 000 Assume you sell the new car at the end of three years at the same residual value Compare the cost of leasing and buying the car OA Buy 13 000 lease 14 600 B Buy 13 000 lease 14 900 C Buy 13 000 lease 14 300 O D Buy 14 000 lease 14 600 Submit quiz ECHICH

Estimate the area under the graph of f x 1 x from x 1 to x 5 using a right Riemann sum with four approximating rectangles R4 Sketch the graph and the rectangles defining R4 then complete this statement the exact area A R4 is

Suppose you start saving today for a 11 000 down payment that you plan to make on a condo in 6 years Assume that you make no deposits into the account after your initial deposit The account has monthly compounding and an APR of 3 6 How much would you need to deposit now to reach your 11 000 goal in 6 years OA 8865 95 OB 8896 81 OC 8721 15 OD 8871 66

Use the compound interest formula for continuous compounding to determine the accumulated balance after the stated period A 6 000 deposit in an account with an APR of 6 3 compounded continuously for 9 years O A 10 577 82 OB 6 390 16 O C 4 869 19 D 10 398 02

A cellular telephone tower that is 140 feet tall is placed on top of a mountain that is 1000 feet above sea level What is the angle in degrees of depression from the top of the tower to a cell phone user who is 2 horizontal miles away and 500 feet above sea level Round your answer to two decimal places O

Let f x x According to the definition of the derivative 1 f x lim x h x h 0 Evaluating the limit gives CLC 1 0 Simplify your answer as much as possible

Evaluate or simplify the following the expression 100 2 O A 20 OB 40 O c 50 O D 10

Heights of adult males are known to have a normal distribution A researcher claims to have randomly selected adult males and measured their heights with the resulting relative frequency distribution as shown here Identify two major flaws with these results Select all that apply Relative Height cm Frequency 130 144 22 145 159 24 160 174 21 27 175 189 190 204 29 27 A The relative frequencies were recorded as percents instead of counts B All of the relative frequencies appear to be roughly the same If they are from a normal distribution they should start low reach a maximum and decrease c The classes do not allow for the possibility that an adult male could ha hotu

For the following statements input T if true otherwise enter F a limx Answer b limx Answer c lim 0 Answer et 30 In x XP o for any positive integer n 0 for any positive number p sin 1 x

Suppose f x 6x 7 Find f x in two ways First expand f x 36x 84x 49 f x f x 72x 84 You MUST base your derivative on the expanded form of f x 0 04 Next since f x 6x 7 then f x 6x 7 6x 7 Find f x using the product rule DO NOT simplify You MUST base your derivative on the product rule DO NOT simplify

Use the compound interest formula to determine the accumulated balance after the stated period Assume that interest is compounded annually 330 is invested at an APR of 1 9 for 8 years OA 376 47 OB 335 02 OC 383 63 OD 373 89

For each of the following forms determine whether the following limit type is indeterminate always has a fixed finite value or never has a fixed finite value In the first case answer IND in the second case enter the numerical value and in the third case answer DNE For example IND 9 f 0 DNE or too Note that l Hospital s rule in some form may ONLY be applied to indeterminate forms 1 2 000 3 000 4 00 5 00 e 6 00 00 7 1 00 8 08 9 10 0 00 11 0 0 12 10 13 T 14 000

Plants and fungi also have haploid gametes and diploid zygotes but because of differences in the order in which meiosis fertilization and growth and development take place they have different life cycles Fungi undergo meiosis rather than growth and development immediately after fertilization so the zygote is the only stage of the life cycle that is diploid 2N and all other stages are haploid N Fungi thus have a haploid life cycle Plants undergo growth and development after meiosis and after fertilization so have multicellular stages that are haploid and multicellular stages that are diploid and their life cycle is referred to as alternation of generations you will learn more about plant life cycles in BIOL 2120 During meiosis the number of chromosomes in a diploid cell is halved haploid cells never undergo meiosis This process has both a random and a non random component In meiosis homologous chromosomes line up and then are separated This is the non random component of meiosis because assuming no errors occur each gamete gets one and only one of the chromosomes from each pair of homologous chromosomes The random part of meiosis is in the combinations of different chromosomes that each gamete receives You probably remember some of the different relationships that genes on homologous chromosomes can have with each other such as dominance co dominance etc For today s lab we will not worry about these relationships too much as what we are doing is general to homologous chromosomes regardless of their relationships Meiosis splits homologous chromosomes This means that if we look at genes for a single trait with two alleles call them A and a we can graphically represent what happens Figure 1 What are the possible gamete genotypes Parent Cell 2N Aa Daughter Cells N Meiosis Possible gamete genotypes Figure 1 The results of meiosis for a single gene with 2 alleles A and a Notice that Figure 1 is a bit simplified What also must have happened to progress from a single 2N parental cell to 4N daughter cells After meiosis fertilization occurs In fertilization the diploid condition is restored Two gametes each with a single chromosome from each of their parent s homologous pairs fuse The resulting cell now has the same number of chromosomes as the parent 2N and homologous chromosomes are again paired up However the identity of those chromosomes is not the same as either parent An important point is that genes on different chromosomes move from one generation to the next completely independently of one another This is called the principle of independent assortment Although this is certainly not always the case for today s lab we will deal only with genes that assort independently

The Punnett square is a simple simulation of sexual reproduction meiosis followed by fertilization Punnett squares allow you to predict the likely results of sexual reproduction for both individuals and populations Today s lab will help you set up and solve some simple Punnett squares at the level of the individual The first step of doing a Punnett square is to determine the likely gametes that can be produced by the individual parents i e determine the possible results of meiosis For a single parent and considering a single gene on two homologous chromosomes this is straightforward The gametes that result from meiosis of the haploid cell can have either the allele on one chromosome or the allele on the other there are no other options Genotypes of diploid cells are generally denoted with simple abbreviations For example for a species with only two alleles for a given gene the Alleles can be represented by any letter using different cases For example we can let A represent one allele and a represent a second allele for the same gene we could use A A a a etc to represent more alleles as needed Below are three different possible genotypes for a diploid individual using this system of representation For each determine the possible haploid genotypes of Gametes that meiosis could produce MONOHYBRID CROSS Determining the possible gamete genotypes each diploid can produce Diploid genotype AA Aa Parental description Homozygous A 2 identical A alleles Heterozygous 2 different alleles Homozygous a 2 identical a alleles aa Parental description Homozygous B 2 identical B alleles Heterozygous 2 different alleles Possible gamete haploid genotypes A A or a To keep track of separate genes we can simply use different letters For example if A and a represent different alleles for hair color then we might use B and b to represent alleles for eye color Diploid genotype a With your group determine the possible gamete genotypes each diploid individual can produce Possible gamete haploid genotypes List all

group of students was randomly divided into two subgroups One subgroup took a test in the morning and the other took the same test in the afternoon This table shows the results Morning Afternoon Total Pass 28 36 64 Fail 22 14 36 Total 50 50 100 Compare the probability that a student will pass the test in the morning with the probability that a student will pass the test in the afternoon Draw a conclusion based on your results OA P pass morning 0 28 P pass afternoon 0 36 Conclusion A student taking the test in the morning has a greater chance of passing it than a student taking it in the afternoon OB P pass morning 0 56 P pass afternoon 0 72 Conclusion A student taking the test in the afternoon has a greater chance of passing it than a student taking it in the morning OC P pass morning 0 56 P pass afternoon 0 72 Conclusion A student taking the test in the morning has a greater chance of passing it than a student taking it in the afternoon O D P pass morning 0 28 P pass afternoon 0 36 Conclusion A student taking the test in the afternoon has a greater chance of passing it than a student taking it in the morning

Let f x x According to the definition of the derivative f x lim h 0 Simplify your answer as much as possib

2 b 3 6 14 12 10 8 6 y x TIIT 4 9 Find the difference quotient of f x 3x 2x 5 A 3 a Write the equation of a line passes through 5 1 and is paralle line defined by 3x y 4

2 AaBBx AABb a Possible gamete genotypes for AaBB b Possible gamete genotypes for AABB c Punnett square d Offspring genotype ratio You can go further If you know the total number of offspring that result from the mating you can determine how many of them should have a specific genotype assuming that your understanding of the genetic system is correct For example if a pair of fruit flies following this genetic system had 40 offspring we would expect that 40 0 25 10 of the offspring would have genotype AA We can use this to test hypotheses about the relationships between different genes alleles and even to determine possible parent genotypes In fact this is the basic logic of paternity tests used in courts of law tabloid talk shows STATISTICALLY COMPARING GENOTYPES The chi square test The chi square x pronounced kai square test is very useful in Mendelian genetics Categorical data are usually counts of occurrences in different mutually exclusive categories Each genotype is a category as are phenotypes Thus these are categorical data and a chi square test is appropriate This chi square test uses the observed numbers and the numbers expected if the results follow the hypothesis predicted by the Punnett Square which follows Mendelian principle of independent assortment to calculate the probability that the observed results could have occurred by chance The chi square test is statistically testing these hypotheses when analyzed with Mendelian genetics ratio data Ho The observed ratio is not different from the expected ratio as predicted by Mendelian genetics Ha The observed ratio is different from the expected ratio as predicted by Mendelian genetics

43 AMA 1 2 3

Determine whether the following statement is true or false If you deposit 12 000 in an in investment account today it can double in value to 24 000 in just a couple decades even at a relatively low interest rate 4 00 False True

Determine whether the following statement is true or false If you deposit 12 000 in an in investment account today it can double in value to 24 000 in just a couple decades even at a relatively low interest rate 4 False True

49 Make a table using multiples of for x to sketch the graph of y sin 2x from x 0 to x 2n After you have obtained the graph state the number of complete cycles your graph goes through between 0 and 27

45 T 4 3 H 4 TL 2 X 3TL 4

Find the annual percentage yield APY A bank offers an APR of 1 75 compounded semiannually OA 3 52 OB 0 88 O C 1 75 OD 1 76

Suppose that a randomly generated list of numbers from 0 to 9 is being used to simulate an event that has a probability of success of 40 Which of these groups of numbers could represent a success O A 0 1 OB 0 1 2 3 4 O C 0 1 2 OD 0 1 2 3