Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers

T cells are one of the long-lived types of immune system cells. After years & rounds of re-activation, these cells undergo which limits their numbers, preventing the body from being overrun by obsolete T cells. necrosis genesis activation-induced cell death (AICD) deactivation by cytokine storm

You will rewrite the classic children's tale (Forensics Style) to plan and carry out an investigation into the mystery of who left hair at the "crime scene" of Granny's house. Let your creativity shine in the details of the story, but make sure it is accurate and involves the hair analysis concepts we have learned in this module. Include information about hair analysis, hair collection techniques, medullary index, and so forth to identify hair found at the crime scene as Red's, Granny's, or the wolf in question. Think of ways you could identify (and compare) to whom the mystery hair belongs. Have fun with it and really show off what you have learned!

Which of the following follows the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle? A) Menstrual phase (B Proliferative phase (C) Luteal phase (D)Progesterone and estrogen drop if a fertilized egg implants in the endometrium

A murder has been committed and you are a juror at the trial. The prosecuting attorney has presented evidence that the victim put up a struggle and injured her assailant, drawing blood, prior to her demise. Blood typing was completed and the blood type matches the defendants' blood type. The prosecuting attorney states that this evidence is proof that the defendant is guilty of murder. As a juror, do you think the defendant is guilty of murder based on this evidence? Why or why not? If not, what other evidence do you think is needed?

Which of the following would result in the greatest increase in resistance? a. Reducing the radius of a vessel by half b. Doubling blood pressure c. Doubling the radius of a vessel d. Decreasing the viscosity of the blood by two times e. Increasing the length of a vessel by two times

List the structures of the urinary system.

In detail, describe the micturition reflex.

Hyperplasia is due to increased numbers of myofibrils, organelles, and muscle fibers increased numbers of myofibrils and organelles increased numbers of muscle cells, myofibrils, and organelles increased number of muscle fibers

Which of the following is true of fast glycolytic fibers? Largest diameter Lots of mitochondria Few blood capillaries Low myoglobin content

Which of the following is not a function of muscle all of the above are functions of muscle generate heat perform work stabilize body position protects critical structures

Discuss the role of the traditional and social media in crisis communications?

As the administrator of a large, 240-bed, privately held, nonprofit nursing and rehab care facility with a designated dementia unit, you have been approached by an area hospital, from which you receive most of your skilled nursing patient referrals, about joining its accountable care organization. Communication between your director of admissions and the hospital discharge coordinator for incoming Medicare skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents has been difficult at times, especially in terms of establishing immediate SNF care such as medications and therapy plans; however, your facility has benefited from the partnership and has confidence in the hospital overall. In order to participate in the ACO, you will have to agree to bundled payments for some episodes of care for which you provide rehab services, and you will have to develop on-site home health services that are put in place immediately after a patient's discharge from the SNF to home. You will also achieve some reimbursement incentives by joining the network for assisting the ACO in meeting quality benchmarks, but you may incur reimbursement losses if you are unable to meet these benchmarks. In the past three years your rehospitalization rate average is on par with the state average, but slightly below direct competitor's in your immediate area. In order to achieve desired outcomes, rehospitalization rates would have to drop 4.5% in the next year and 10% over the next five years. Respond in this discussion post to one Case Study Question: 1. Make a case to bring forth to the board of directors of your organization for joining the ACO. In this argument, describe the opportunities associated with joining the ACO while considering what it would take with an emphasis on care coordination, care transitions and community-based LTSS. 2. Assume that your organization has decided to join the organization. What will you do to begin lowering hospitalization rates to meet ACO reimbursement goals for best practices?

A television commercial promoting a new drug advises parents to look for certain symptoms. Is the advertiser using the term "symptoms" correctly? Explain your answer. Would sore throat be a sign or symptom of a potential disease? Explain your answer.

Maria Cortez is a 32-year-old client who had surgery on her left knee 2 months ago. She is obese and has had difficulty ambulating since the surgery. She also has a history of pulmonary embolus (PE). She has been taking a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, since the surgery because of her history of PE and risk for the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). • Ms. Cortez calls the medical clinic and asks to speak to the nurse. She states that she has just learned that she is pregnant and is concerned that the enoxaparin will harm the baby. How should the nurse respond? • Ms. Cortez has a successful delivery of a baby girl. Ten months later, she is hospitalized for additional surgery on her knee. Her recovery is complicated by the development of a DVT, and she is started on warfarin. Discuss the teaching that the nurse should provide Ms. Cortez before discharging her on warfarin.

Which of the following is punctuated correctly? a. While some people love cats, others prefer dogs. b. While some people love cats: others prefer dogs. c. While some people love cats. others prefer dogs. d. While some people love cats others prefer dogs.

Which of the following sentences is written correctly? a. The lizard has the ability to altar it's coloration to blend in with the foliage. b. The lizard has the ability to altar its coloration to blend in with the foliage. c. The lizard has the ability to alter it's coloration to blend in with the foliage. d. The lizard has the ability to alter its coloration to blend in with the foliage.

Gene and Joan find domination and submission to be sexually arousing. We would expect that what is fundamental to their sexual activity is Inflicting pain on each other. the dominator Inflicting pain on the submissive. the Illusion of control played out in their sexual scenes. the control that the dominator has over the submissive.

According to Nina Hartley, one of the effects of technology in the distribution of sexually explicit materials Multiple Choice Is that models have become less "lifelike" and more distorted. has been to make materials more affordable, thus "democratizing" the audience. Is that there is less concern about legal Issues because of parental Internet controls. Is that there is less privacy for Individuals because of computer hackers.

The parathyroid glands are usually four pea-shaped glands located on the posterior surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland (see Figure 1.8). The parathyroid glands secrete a single hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH). List the function of PTH in the box below.

Which of these best describes a Class IV deficiency? Flooding of facility Meals offered do not meet dietary guidelines Improper medication administered Paperwork error with completed staff training not updated in the system

Write the name of the hormone that matches each hormone function. 1. Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hormones 2. Increases BMR (metabolism) 3. Stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection during nursing 4. Increases blood calcium and stimulates osteoclast activity 5. Fight or flight hormones

Disorders of the endocrine system often involve either hyposecretion (too little) or hypersecretion (too much) of a hormone. Match the following disorders with its description. A. Graves' disease B. Cushing syndrome C. Diabetes mellitus D. Acromegaly E. Diabetes insipidus F. Goiter G. Dwarfism (pituitary) H. Hyperparathyroidism I. Pheochromocytoma J. Addison's disease Enlargement of thyroid, sometimes due to lack of iodine in the diet Hyposecretion of ADH with excessive volumes of urine Hypersecretion of hGH (human growth hormone) during adulthood Hyperthyroid/exophthalmos/anxiety/weight loss Hypersecretion of catacholamines (epinephrine) by adrenal medulla Hyposecretion of hGH (human growth hormone) during growth years Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex hormones or ACTH from anterior pituitary gland Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex hormones Hyperglycemia due to insufficient secretion of insulin from the pancreas Hypercalcemia/bone weakness/fatigue/mental changes

Describe mechanical digestion. Where does it occur? What structures are responsible for mechanical digestion?

Describe the major function(s) of each of the following organs. a. Mouth b. esophagus c. stomach d. small intestine e. large intestine (colon) f. Rectum

Where does absorption begin? Where in the digestive tract does most of the absorption take place?

Which part of the digestive tract has villi? How are villi different from microvilli? What purpose does each one serve?

Mucus is secreted everywhere along the digestive tract. What purpose does it serve? Why do you think that the number of goblet cells (produce mucus) is so much higher in the large intestine?

What does Boyle's law state about pressure and volume at a constant temperature and a constant pressure? Pressure increases when volume decreases Pressure and volume will both increase together or both decrease together Pressure and volume will both increase as temperature and pressure increase Pressure and volume will both decrease as temperature and pressure decrease

What is the function of the red pulp of the spleen? filter pathogens from lymph filter pathogens from the blood house leukocytes and dendritic cells house macrophages that destroy old erythrocytes

What determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? gas solubility in water partial pressure gradient temperature molecular weight of the gas molecule

Mary's mosquito bite is red, warm, and swollen, indicating she is experiencing the effects of: the inflammatory response interleukins interferons tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

What is NOT a function of macrophages? Macrophages activate T lymphocytes (T cells) Macrophages kill ingested pathogens with chemicals Macrophages serve as antigen-presenting cells Macrophages secrete substances onto pathogens that are too large to ingest

What type of plasma protein are antibodies? transport protein immune protein lipoprotein clotting protein

In the liver, glycogen is created from glucose. This is a _______ reaction. Select ALL that apply. Anabolic Catabolic Hydrolysis Dehydration Synthesis Glucogenesis Glycogenolysis

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the: first line of defense second line of defense third line of defense fourth line of defense

What is the main role of macrophages in the lymphatic tissues? form structures of neurons phagocytosis form collagen fibers structure and support

Which of the following secretes antibodies? antigen-presenting cells plasma cells dendritic cells memory B cells

What mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) traps pathogens entering the nasal and oral cavities? lymph nodes tonsils Peyer's patches appendix

Neutrophils are most effective at: antibody formation fighting a viral infection fighting a parasitic infection fighting a bacterial infection

How is most oxygen transported in the blood? as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin combined with hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin as carbonic acid in the plasma

Using the pill as a contraceptive is also an effective way to protect against STIS. True False

Trichomoniasis is a parasitic STI. True False

Emergency contraception are hormone pills only that can be used after unprotected intercourse to prevent pregnancy. True False

Herpes is a bacterial infection caused by the herpes simplex bacteria. True False

Before the advent of much-improved antiretroviral treatments, once people living with AIDS developed life-threatening illnesses, such as pneumonia, liver disease or TB, death usually occurred within 2 years for both men and women. True False

Research has shown that most men would use a male contraceptive pill if it were available. True False

Which of the following lack a digestive system? trematodes cestodes nematodes

An antibody has been isolated that binds to F-actin but not to G-actin. What structural feature(s) of F-actin do you suppose the antibody binds (i.e., how is the antibody able to distinguish between these two forms of actin)?

Why might both management and a union agree to a last chance agreement?

Amyloidosis is caused by an abnormal deposition and accumulation of protein aggregates in tissues. How do proteins adopt and maintain a stable folded structure? What features of the protein amino acid sequence determine the stability of the folded structure? How does disruption of that structure lead to protein deposition diseases such as amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease?