Kidney and Urinary Tract Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of reabsorption in the kidney tubule? Name 2 pathways whereby water and solutes can be reabsorbed from the lumen of the renal tubule to the blood of the peritubular capillaries. Which pathway is the most commonly used? How does the Na-K pump affect the reabsorption of sodium and water in the renal tubule? Consuming a salty meal would increase / decrease water reabsorption from the filtrate.

When the body is dehydrated, are the following items increased or decreased? Body water: Blood osmolarity: ADH release from posterior pituitary: Water permeability of the collecting ducts: Water reabsorption: Urine volume: Urine concentration:

Which of the following conditions can lead to ketone in the urine? Select one or more: a. Exercise b. Hematuria c. Proteinuria d. Pregnancy e. Uncontrolled diabetes f. Dehydration g. Starvation h. Carbohydrate-free diet

Your patient has high blood pressure. Doctor states that they have glomularnephritis, what would you expect to find in the urine? 1. Green urine II. Sugar and Ketons III. Altered pH IV. Blood and protein

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the. Multiple Choice renal corpuscle glomerular capillaries distal convoluted tubule proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct

Finally, what are the known functions of the distal convoluted tubule? Remember you can hover over the structures on the 3D models or check the Theory Pages to refresh your memory! a) It absorbs water and concentrates urine b) It collects the filtrate for the bladder It releases water and dilutes urine d) It reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions and produces ammonium

After completing the labster, it gave me a better understanding of chapter 23. Polyuria can be a symptom of diabetes, and I know that diabetes mellitus is much more common than diabetes insipidus. Therefore my questions are, what is the leading cause of diabetes insipidus, and what is the difference between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus when Polyuria occurs.

What patient profile best represents the population at highest risk for gout?

Eleven-year-old Harry is complaining of a severe sore throat and gets to stay home from school. His pediatrician prescribes a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and Harry feels much better within a few days. However, some two weeks later, Harry has a dull, bilateral pain in his lower back and his urine is a smoky brown color. On the basis of Harry's signs and symptoms, diagnose his condition and indicate the relationship (if any) between his present condition and his earlier sore throat. Hint: Be sure to directly connect the answer back to Henry's symptoms.

Which part of the nephron contains macula densa cells? Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Collecting duct Distal convoluted tubule

What kind of damage does a renal clearance test identify? Ureter damage Tubular damage Glomerular damage Renal artery damage

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water? Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule Ascending loop of henle Descending loop of henle Collecting duct

Which organ secretes Atrial Natriuretic Peptide? Kidney Brain Ovary Heart

Which of the following resulted in an increase in glomerular filtration rate? decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter increasing the efferent arteriole diameter increasing the afferent arteriole diameter decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter

always indicate(s) kidney pathology, whereas may be present normally in small amounts. Trace amounts of RBCs; calcium carbonate crystals Casts; crystals Epithelial cells; calcium carbonate crystals Epithelial cells; calcium oxalate crystals

Letter A points to the structure that conducts secretion purification filtration reabsorption

Which hormone is the signal for the kidney to make concentrated urine? Atrial natriuretic peptide Antidiuretic hormone Erythropoietin Renin

What cells are found wrapped around the glomerular capillaries? Cuboidal cells with microvilli Flat squamous cells Podocytes with foot processes Granular cells

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney: Filter wastes out of the blood Activates vitamin E Regulates blood volume Regulates blood pressure

In type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This suggests that the target cells may have a problem in their signal transduction pathway. are impermeable to insulin. None of these answers are correct. cannot convert insulin to an active form. have adequate internal supplies of glucose.

The loop of Henle in the nephrons of desert-dwelling kangaroo rats is much longer than the loop of Henle in humans. What is the advantage of this increased length for the kangaroo rat? A longer loop of Henle can generate a smaller concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a more concentrated urine. A longer loop of Henle can generate a smaller concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a less concentrated urine. A longer loop of Henle can generate a larger concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a less concentrated urine. A longer loop of Henle can generate a larger concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a more concentrated urine.

Measurements in a nephron reveal a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 69 mm Hg and a fluid pressure in Bowman's capsule of 15 mm Hg. Assuming an oncotic pressure of 30 mmHg and essentially no plasma protein are filtered, what is the glomerular filtration pressure in this case? 114 mmHg 54 mmHg 39 mmHg 24 mmHg

Write a hypothesis about what the urinalysis of a person with normal, healthy urine looks like in regards to color, pH, specific gravity, glucose, proteins, ketones, and blood.

Based on the data below, what is the net filtration pressure? Glomerular hydrostatic pressure 60 mmHg owman's space hydrostatic pressure = 0 mmHg Plasma colloid osmotic pressure = 35 mmHg Bowman's space colloid osmotic pressure = 10 mmHg -85 mmHg (reabsorption) 25 mmHg (filtration) 35 mmHg (filtration) -15 mmHg (filtration)

Focus your attention on the long nephron loops on the second page of Focus Figure 25.1. Notice the key for active transport, passive transport, and water impermeable in the top figure, and then turn your attention to the figure and arrows at the bottom of the page.Sort the items onto the appropriate limb of the nephron loop figures. All items must be sorted.→ direction of filtrate flow → Active transport H₂O into filtrate Water impermeable 1200 100 mOsm Passive transport NaCl into filtrate H₂O out of filtrate NaCl out of filtrate 27 of 55 Reset Help 300-1200 mOsm

Using the chart attached, determine a single characteristic that would allow you to distinguish between Kliebisella and Enterob GNR table.jpg A. Indole B. urease C. Motility D. Lactose fermentation

'Draw equations to show how hypoventiatin affects blood levels of CO₂, carbonic acid, H+ and bicarbonate'

Meadow's friends keep calling her boring because she refused to drink at the last party they invited her to. What kind of peer pressure is this? A. rejection B.put down C.reasoning

If the rate of urine formation is 2 ml/min, the urine Inulin concentration is 25 mg/ml, and the plasma inulin concentration 0.5 mg/ml, then the GFR IS_______ a)0.04 mL/min b)100 mL/min c)6.25 mL/min d)None of the choices are correct.

Which of the following contains pedicels? visceral layer of Bowman's capsule parietal layer of Bowman's capsule basement membrane of the glomerulus endothelium of the glomerulus

What is the percentage of glucose that is normally reabsorbed in the proximal tubule? 50 % 65 % 100 % 25 % 0%

Podocytes are associated with the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule proximal tubule parietal layer of Bowman's capsule collecting duct loop of Henle

The transport maximum is the greatest percentage of plasma entering the glomerulus that can become filtrate. upper limit of reabsorption due to saturation of transport proteins. steepest any concentration gradient can become. highest the glomerular filtration rate can increase without inhibiting kidney function.

Which of the following is actually part of the kidney? adipose capsule renal capsule renal fascia

Fine-tune reabsorption of water occurs in which of the following regions? loop of Henle late distal tubule and collecting duct early distal tubule proximal tubule

Which of the following is true of microbial biofilms? A. Biofilms almost always consist of only a single bacterial species B. Biofilms are restricted to freshwater environments C. Cells within the biofilm are encased within a layer of polysacchande D. Biofilms typically are small because resources such as nutrients and oxygen are unable to circulate through the

A glomerulus is: A) attached to the collecting duct. B) a set of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. C) the source of erythropoietin. D) a hairpin loop segment of the renal tubule.

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate? Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule A drop in oncotic pressure

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle), the: A) movement of water and solutes is passive. B) thick segment is permeable to water but impermeable to sodium and chloride ions. C) thin segment is not permeable to sodium ions, chloride ions, or water. D) thick segment is impermeable to water but permeable to sodium and chloride ions.

Which hormone does NOT have a role in fluid balance regulation? OA) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) aldesterone C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) OD) all have a role in fluid regulation

Which of the following is NOT true about tubular reabsorption? A) Tubular reabsorption is entirely a passive process. B) Tubular reabsorption occurs via paracellular or transcellular routes. C) Tubular reabsorption may involve hormonal control. D) Tubular reabsorption moves items from the filtrate into the blood.

How does the afferent arteriole vessel diameter change in order to restore the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to normal? A) The afferent arteriole will vasoconstrict. B) The afferent arteriole will vasodilate. C) The afferent arteriole has no effect on GHP and GFR. D) The afferent arteriole will vasoconstrict, then vasodilate.

Renal clearance is defined as: A) the percent of blood plasma that passes through the filtration membrane. B) the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute. C) the amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed during one day. D) the rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood.

What should NOT be found in filtrate? A) electrolytes B) glucose C) water D) albumin

When the corpus luteum regresses, progesterone levels. increase Ostay the same decrease none of the choices are correct

The secretion of the prostate gland helps to protect sperm from: the acidity of vaginal secretions the alkalinity of vaginal secretions too much lubrication too much heat

Which structure increases its reabsorption of Nat when stimulated by aldosterone? CHECK ALL THAT WOULD APPLY collecting duct distal convoluted tubules proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle Bowman's capsule

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys? They release waste into the bloodstream. They help control blood pressure. They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids. They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D. They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.

is an inflammation of the coiled tubes in the back of the testicles. Epididymitis Carditis Gastritis Urethritis

Which structure produces the fluid part of semen? Epididymis Prostate gland Sperm duct Urinary bladder