Nervous System Questions and Answers

In skeletal muscles, the forms the dark band. Z band I band A band Y zone

Depolarization of the nerve membrane begins with decreased permeability of Na+ ions decreased permeability of K+ ions increased permeability of K+ ions increased permeability of Na* ions

Acetylcholinesterase is: A. An enzyme present on both the postsynaptic membrane and in the synaptic cleft; it inactivates acetylcholine by breaking it into acetate and choline. B. An enzyme present in the postsynaptic membrane and in the synaptic cleft which inactivates the catecholamines. C. An enzyme responsible for making acetylcholine from acetate and choline. D. An enzyme responsible for converting dopamine into norepinephrine. E, Two of the above are correct.

Discussion Question 1: Define Classical Conditioning. Define each step: NS, UCS, UCR, CS. Give an example of classical conditioning in your own words.

Small motor units generate more tension than large motor units tend to be recruited first during a contraction are innervated by motor neurons with a relatively high threshold require more excitatory input to initiate an action potential

Carbamate insecticides work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synapse. A patient reports to your clinic in respiratory distress after inhaling carbamate pesticide. The suspicion is that the patient's respiratory muscles are spasming. What is the likely reason behind the physiological effects of Carbamate? Excessive amounts of Acetylcholine in the synapse Carbamate is a Nicotinic antagonist Insufficient amounts of acetylcholine in the synapse Destruction of Nicotinic receptors

The neurotransmitters released in the sympathetic nervous system are epinephrine and norepinephrine. However, the neurotransmitters exert different effects depending on the tissue they bind with. What is the best explanation for this? Adrenergic Receptors are metabotropic The chemical structure of the neurotransmitter changes depending on the tissue. Epinephrine binds with nicotinic receptors and norepinephrine binds with muscarinic receptors.

In this project, you will complete a fitness plan based on an initial fitness assessment. You will use the SMART goal you wrote in Module 2 to assist you in creating your fitness plan. Subjective Assessments Answer the following questions honestly and in detail. How often do you currently participate in physical activity? What types of activities do you participate in? What are your feelings towards physical activity? Explain what your current eating habits are. Include how often you eat, foods you typically eat, etc. Do you have any health conditions that could limit the types of physical activities you participate in? If so, how do they affect your physical condition? What were your SMART goals from Module 2?

Muscle action continues to occur while Ca is present in the sarcoplasm. Ca is None of the included answers is correct. removed by chemical bonding to troponin destroyed by Case removed by active transport pumps removed by the Golgi apparatus

Place the following events in the correct order. Acetylcholine (Ach) is released into the synaptic cleft Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane. ATP attaches to the myosin head causing it to release from actin An action potential arrives at the axon terminal Acetylcholine (Ach) binds to integral protein receptors of the motor end plate

Neuron J has a resting membrane potential of -70mV and a threshold value of 50mV Neuron releases neurotransmitter onto Neuron J, which causes a 20mV depolarization at the axon hillock. Neuron L causes a 10mV hyperpolarization at the axon hillock. In which of the following scenarios would an action potential be generated at Neuron J's axon? Neuron K and Neuron Leach fire once, simultaneously. Neuron K fires once Neuron L fires once

What would be the effect if sodium were suddenly allowed to move freely through the membrane above? Glucose would no longer be transported against its gradient. TRUE Sodium would be able to freely diffuse against its gradient. FALSE Sodium would continue to be pumped through the Na+-K+ ATPase TRUE Glucose would continue to be pumped through the Na+-glucose symporter. TRUE The sodium gradient across the membrane would not change. FALSE ATP would continue to be consumed by the Na+-K+ ATPase. TRUE

Cells of your body are specialized to perform a multitude of separate functions. How does your body maintain different homeostatic set points so that neurons in your brain are healthy and foveolar cells lining your stomach are also healthy? Obviously, your brain and your stomach are not the same environment. How is this maintained?

Which statement is true regarding action potentials? A) The repolarization phase must occur prior to depolarization during an action potential B) The generation or creation of an action potential does not depend on the strength of the stimulus a neuron receives C) Action potentials travel slower in myelinated axons D)An action potential once started, cannot be stopped or negated

Suppose you accidentally step on a sharp object with your bare right foot. You flex that right leg so as to lift up the right foot off the ground.Then you extend your left leg to transfer all your body weight on to your left leg. What is this reflex called? Joint kinesthetic reflex Visceral reflex Transection reflex Crossed extensor reflex

Rhodopsin and cyclic GMP are made and sodium channels remain open, in the: Retina of the eye in the dark When a blurred image forms on the retina due to unequal curvature of the lens When ear pressure has to be equalized on either side of the tympanic membrane Retina of the eye in the presence of bright light

Briefly discuss the events that take place at the neuromuscular junction, starting with the action potential that travels down the axon. Be sure to include all important components necessary to begin a depolarization event.

What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from superior to inferior? Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal Thoracic - cervical - lumbar - coccygeal - sacral Thoracic-lumbar - sacral- cervical - coccygeal Thoracic-lumbar - sacral - coccygeal - cervical

When a sensory receptor gets activated by a stimulus, which of the following might lead to activation: a.) Close Na+ channels, b.) Open Cl- channels c.) Close K+ channels d.) None of the above

Match the terms in column B with the descriptions in column A: Column A 1. light bending 2. ability to focus for close (under 20 ft) vision 3. normal vision 4. inability to focus well on close objects (farsightedness) 5. nearsightedness 6. blurred vision due to unequal curvatures of the lens or cornea 7. medial movement of the eyes during focusing on close objects Column B accommodation astigmatism convergence emmetropia hyperopia myopia refraction

Name three sites where receptors for taste are found, and circle the predominant site:

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord the thalamus the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord sympathetic ganglia

Which of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned stimulus? bitter taste blue light loud sound a foot shock

Which below would describe a positive Babinski response during plantar reflex testing? 1) A positive Babinski response is when the toes flex down towards the floor. 2) A positive Babinski response is when the toes extend up toward the ceiling

The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to potassium ions because- there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+. of its positive electrical charge. protein molecules cannot exit through the cell membrane. there are more gated channels for K+. calcium ions block Na+ and Cl- channels.