Organic Chemistry Questions

A student found a 10 630 g mixture of salt sand and iron to contain 4 813 g of iron and 3 507 g of sand Calculate the mass percentages of iron sand and salt in the mixture

HO OH Ethylene oxide is the starting material for the synthesis of 1 4 dioxane Write a detailed mechanism for this synthesis shown above Then draw curved arrows that depict electron reorganization for Step 2 of the mechanism shown below Unless specified otherwise do not count proton transfers when counting steps The starting materials of this step provided Arrow pushing Instructions nn XII H C O H H C

Which of the following is a polar covalent bond select all that apply OF F O H OK CI C S C O N H C H

reagent s in order that will react with 1 butanol to form 1 butanethiol Specify the reagents you would use to carry out the conversion by using letters from the table The reaction may require more than on step if so write the letters in the order that they are used e g abc No more than four steps are required for this synthesis If two or more ways of conversion to the same product are possible show only one of them Reagents available a HS Na H O d K Cr O7 H SO4 H O heat g SOC12 pyridine b H3PO4 heat e H SO4 H O h O8O4 H O2 c Cl H O f RCO3 H i Pyridinium chlorochromate PCC The reagent is

Draw the structural formula s for the organic product s formed when the following compound is heated at reflux in an excess of concentrated HI You do not have to consider stereochemistry If a compound is formed more than once add another sketcher and draw it again Draw one structure per sketcher Add additional sketchers using the drop down menu in the bottom right corner Separate multiple products using the sign from the drop down menu A W

Caffeine contains by mass 49 5 C 5 15 H 28 9 N and 16 5 O and the molecular mass is 195g mol What are the empirical and molecular formulas of caffeine Ensure all work is shown

From the choices provided below list the reagent s in order that will yield the transformation shown above List your answer as a series of letters in the order the reagents are used with no commas separating them No more than four steps are required for this synthesis Use the minimum number of steps possible Reagents may be used more than once in subsequent steps Ex dop corresponds to 1 NaCN 2 NaOH 3 PCC NOTE The order in which you list your letters matters 8 a HIO4 b HS Na H O c CH3O Na CH OH 9 H O d NaCN h H Pd e CH3CH S Na i i k f Br2 CCl4 e 1 H SO4 H O HBr heat RCO3H NH3 m NBS hv n OsO4 H 02 0 NaOH P PCC Previous

Following is an equation for the reaction of diethyl ether and oxygen to form a hydroperoxide OH 02 diethyl ether a hydroperoxide Draw curved fishhook arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism Assume that initiation is by a radical R Arrow pushing Instructions XI

Determine the polarity of H 0 Please type in the answer as either polar or nonpolar

HO Arrow pushing Instructions 20 HO H Ethylene oxide is the starting material for the synthesis of 1 4 dioxepane Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism X OH O H O HO IO OH O H H

Phosphoric acid H PO4 is used in detergents fertilizers toothpastes and flavoring in carbonated beverages Calculate the percent Composition of H3PO4 Ensure all work is shown

Draw the next most important resonance structure for the enolate shown Use curved arrows to show the delocalization of electron pairs in both structures Include lone pairs of electrons formal charges and be sure to draw all hydrogen atoms You can add condensed hydrogens using the More menu selecting H and clicking on the carbon as many times as needed Draw curved arrows to form the next most important resonance structure Select Draw Rings More C O H C 0 IC CH Erase Draw the next most important resonance structure then draw curved arrows to reform the first structure Select Draw Rings C More O Erase

Which of these metals will be oxidized by the ions of cobalt O Tin O Lead O Zinc Silver O copper

Draw the structural formula of the major product of the reaction of S 2 2 3 trimethyloxirane with MeOH H Use the wedge hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists Include H atoms at chiral centers only If a group is achiral do not use wedged or hashed bonds on it References Y

References Draw the reactant you would use to make the epoxide shown using a Sharpless epoxidation with t BuOOH and Diethyl tartrate H3CH C CH3 M M O OH Consider E Z stereochemistry of alkenes You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms Do not show stereochemistry in other cases In cases where there is more than one answer just draw one

N 20 0 410 300 ON 2001 O N ethanol NN NO10100H NN 2000 Whenumbers cm 1102 NAM verwoben jon 1 1065 O O stretches This is ethanol Ethanol only has an alcohol functional group not a carboxyl group Therefore you would see the O H band at around 3300 cm 1 but very few other significant peaks m 48000 This is an example of an IR spectrum of a ketone This particular example is 2 butanone You can tell that this is not a carboxylic acid because it does not have the O H stretch at 3300 cm 1 It does however have the C O stretch at approximately 1700 cm 1 This is

v of this molecule CH3CH CH CH O CH CH CH CH CH3

1st structure 2nd structure SCH3 SCH3

C Problem mini 14 34 Rank each of the identified bonds in order of increasing wavenumber H OH R CEN TTT

3 In order for a triacylglycerol molecule to form which of the following must be true a Sphingosine must be present to link the fatty acid together b Water molecules must be added to form the bonds a Ob C c Three identical fatty acids must be present d A dehydration synthesis reaction must occur e Hydrogen bonds hold the components together

A sample of a gas 5 0 mol at 1 0 atm is expanded at constant temperature from 15 L to 24 L The final pressure is atm

HN 1 The synthesis of this compound uses a building block derived from either ethylene oxide or epichlorohydrin 1 Determine which building block was used 2 Draw the structure of the nucleophiles that Carteolol OH You do not have to consider stereochemistry Draw one structure per sketcher Add additional sketchers using the drop down menu in the bottom right corner ethylene oxide epichlorohydrin Y with this building block in the synthesis of the molecule Sn F

To help farmers and gardeners commercial fertilizers have a big three number NPK label on the bag that gives the amounts of three key plant nutrients nitrogen phosphorus and potassium For example a bag of 10 10 10 fertilizer has 10 by mass nitrogen 10 by mass potassium as potash K O and 10 by mass phosphorus as phosphate P O5 Suppose a certain fertilizer has the following composition ingredient ammonium phosphate NH4 PO4 Ca NO3 calcium nitrate urea NH CO inert ingredients percent by mass 17 31 29 23 What should the first nitrogen number on the bag label be That is calculate the percent by mass of nitrogen in this fertilizer Round your answer to the

Which conversion factor would be used to convert from moles Cl to moles of HCI CH4 4Cl CCI 4HCI 1 mol Cl 1 mol HCI 4 mol HCl 4 mol Cl 1 mol Cl 4 mol HCl 4 mol HCI 1 mol Cl

1p 3 How many chirality centers are present in Sucralose an artificial sweetener sold under the trade name Splenda HO CL HO H HO A 10 B 8 C 9 4 Calculate the degree of unsaturation in the molecular formula C20H3002 pt A 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 HO OH H A S 5 Calculate the degree of unsaturation in the molecular formula C 0H14N20 Cl pt A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 6 What is the configuration at the stereocenter in the compound D 7 wn below B R 1 pt E 6 E 8 E 6

A ship cabin has a volume 7 32 x 10 L and pressure of 966 KPa Calculate the pressure in the cabin when temperature changes from 24 C to 36 C X BIU CO CO 8 EES Source More

Transmittance 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4000 2971 hexanoic acid HHHHHO IIIIIH H C C C C C C 0 H IIIII HHHHH O H stretch and C H stretch 2000 Wavenumbers cm 1 1296 1419 C O O H stretch bend 1721 C O stretch An example of an IR for an alcohol molecule is shown below 948 O H bend D Solution and explanation This is the IR spectrum of hexanoic acid Although just from the IR this will be almost impossible to tell if you were told that the formula for this molecule was C6H1202 you could tell that this was a carboxylic acid through the infrared spectroscopy and conclude the structure of the molecule

Following are the steps in the industrial synthesis of glycerin 0 H C CHCH3 Propene Draw the structure of compound D Cl heat RYY A C3H5CI C C3H7CIO Ca OH 2 heat Use the wedge hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists If the reaction produces a racemic mixture draw both stereoisomers Separate structures with signs from the drop down menu NaOH H O n F B C3H6O D C3H6O2 Cl H O H O HCI OH HOCH CHCH OH 1 2 3 Propanetriol glycerol glycerin

Which of the following molecules contain an aldehyde group OCH HO Vanilla flavor 1 O I II III OI IV O I II IV O I II III IV OCH De H HO Cinnamon flavor II Spearmint flavor III CH Almond flavor IV

14 34 Rank each of the identified bonds in order of increasing wavenumber Youn OH Y T R C N

Given the following reactions CaCO3 s CaO s CO g is the enthalpy of the reaction C s graphite O2 g CO2 g AH 393 5 kJ AH 178 1 kJ CaO s C s graphite O2 g CaCO3 s kJ

1 Select two pairs of dissimilar pairs of aldehydes give aldol products four possible of the reaction between these self as well as cross Also give conjugated enone in each case

Urea 2 Explain the theoretical concept underlying this experiment 3 How can the theoretical concept underlying this experiment be used in ano specific application this question is in the template that youwill use to write

An 8 29 g sample of calcium carbonate absorbs 50 3 J of heat The temperature of the sample increases from 16 1 C to 23 5 C What is the specific heat of calcium carbonate

1 How many moles of H are need to produce 6 23 moles of NH3 3H N 2NH3 3 12 mol 106 mol 9 35 mol 18 7 mol

Show stereochemistry only if given in the name In cases where there is more than one answer just draw one C AMARE

What is the percent composition of H3PO4 1 01 H 30 97 P 64 00 O 3 09 H 31 60 P 65 31 O 6 06 H 61 96 P 32 00 O 37 5 H 12 5 P 50 00 O

Complete the assignment as discussed in the class 1 Select two pairs of dissimilar pairs of aldehydes give aldol products four possible of the reaction between these self as well as cross Also give conjugated enone in each case 2 Select three pairs of dissimilar pairs of ketones give aldol products eight possible of the reaction between these self as well as cross Also give conjugated enone in each case

W NaOH 8 RCO H compound a compound b You do not have to consider stereochemistry You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms In cases where there is more than one answer just draw one reagent a compound c

An unknown compound is found to contain 40 0 carbon 6 7 hydrogen and 53 3 oxygen with a molecular mass of 60 0 g mol What is the molecular formula of the unknown compound

What is the molarity of a solution that dissolves 87 00 grams of Ni C in enough water to make 1288 4 mL of solution Always have at least 2 NON zero decimal places in your answer Please include units on your answer Answer

Benzoic acid Vanillin Mandelic acid trans Cinnamic acid Urea Unknown A 50 50 mix of unknown A 50 50 mix of unknown A Benzoic acid Your task Additional tasks Compound 20 122 122 83 120 122 119 132 133 133 131 133 133 X Benzoic acid 114 116 115 95 Vanillin 120 121121 49 Discuss each of the results identify the unknown and explain the reason s for your choice of identity of unknown LI M 1 Draw the structures of each of the compounds used in this experiment and identify each the functional groups in each compound Functional groups Structures L2 M

3 Determine the empirical formulas for compounds with the following percent compositions a 15 8 carbon and b 40 0 carbon 6 7 hydrogen and 53 3 oxygen 84 2 sulfur

Himung C6H5 product 1 product 2 C6H5 H This equation shows the reaction of trans 2 3 diphenyloxirane with hydrogen chloride to form 2 chloro 1 2 diphenylethanol 2S 3R Submit Ar 2R 3S 3S 4R 3R 4S 2S 3S 2R 3R 3S 4S How many total stereoisomers are possible for 2 chloro 1 2 diphenylethanol 3R 4R 1R 2R 1S 2S 1R 2S HCI Given that opening of the epoxide ring in this reaction is stereoselective provide the names of the only two isomeric products formed using IUPAC guidelines C6H5 C CeHs OH CI 2 chloro 1 2 diphenylethanol 2 chloro 1 2 diphenylethanol Try Another Version 2 item attempts remaining

A gas sample is found to contain 39 10 carbon 7 67 hydrogen 26 11 xygen 16 82 phosphorus and 10 30 fluorine If the molecular mass is 184 1 mol what is the molecular formula

23 A 20 0 L cylinder of oxygen gas is at a temperature of 27 0 C and a pressure of 5 00 atm What is the density of the oxygen gas in the cylinder 3 25 g L 6 50 g L 0 203 g L 72 0 g L

Acetylene C H gas is often used in welding torches because of the very high heat produced when it reacts with oxygen O gas producing carbo dioxide gas and water vapor Calculate the moles of acetylene needed to produce 0 075 mol of carbon dioxide Be sure your answer has a unit symbo necessary and round it to the correct number of significant digits 0 00 x10 0 0

4 What is the product of the following reaction OH 1 NaH 2 propyl iodide A B C D O

Draw the skeletal structure for the following organic compounds 1 3 O H3C CH CH CH CH 4 H3C H C C C C CH CH3 CH CH3

Select the correct meaning of the term chemiluminesence from the list below 1 A chemical reaction where an excited state is formed releasing energy in the form of a photon of light on relaxation 2 The release of light by a chemical reaction within a living organism 3 An excited state is formed by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation which rapidly relaxes to release energy in the form of a photon of light 4 An excited state is formed by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation which slowly relaxes to release energy in the form of a photon of light Chemiluminescence is best described by statement 2