Basic Physics Questions and Answers

A truck covers 40 0 m in 7 45 s while uniformly slowing down to a final velocity of 2 20 m s a Find the truck s original speed m s b Find its acceleration m s2

Answer all questions in this part Directions 36 50 For each statement or question choose the word or expression that of those given best completes the statement or answers the question Some questions may require the use of the 2006 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting Physics Record your answers on your separate answer sheet 36 The height of an individual step on a staircase is closest to 1 2 0 x 10 2 m 2 2 0 10 m 37 What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted on an electron by another electron when they are 0 10 meter apart 1 2 6 x 10 36 N 2 2 3 x 10 27 N 1 12 J 2 340 J 3 2 0 x 10 m 4 2 0 x 10 m 38 After a 65 newton weight has fallen freely from rest a vertical distance of 5 3 meters the kinetic energy of the weight is 1 0 22 kg m s 2 0 39 kg m s 3 2 3 x 10 26 N 4 1 4 x 10 8 N 39 A 0 500 kilogram cart traveling to the right on a horizontal frictionless surface at 2 20 meters per second collides head on with a 0 800 kilogram cart moving to the left at 1 10 meters per second What is the magnitude of the total momentum of the two cart system after the collision 1 0 0 N 2 2 0 N 3 910 J 4 1800 J 3 1 98 kg m s 4 4 29 kg m s 40 An object weighing 2 0 newtons is pushed across a horizontal frictionless surface by a horizontal force of 4 0 newtons The magnitude of the net force acting on the object is 3 8 0 N 4 4 0 N 41 The ratio of the wavelength of AM radio waves traveling in a vacuum to the wavelength of FM radio waves traveling in a vacuum is approximately 1 1 to 1 2 2 to 1 42 A charm quark has a charge of approximately 1 5 33 x 10 20 C 2 1 07 x 10 19 C 3 10 to 1 4 10 to 1 www 3 0 92 43 The diagram below represents a 3 0 ohm resistor connected to a 12 volt battery Meters X and Y are correctly connected in the circuit HIH 12 V 3 1 60 x 10 19 C 4 2 40 x 10 19 C X What are the readings on the meters 1 X 12 V and Y 0 25 A 2 X 12 V and Y 4 0 A 3 X 0 25 A and Y 12 V 4 X 4 0 A and Y 12 V 44 A toy airplane flying in a horizontal circular path completes 10 complete circles in 30 seconds If the radius of the plane s circular path is 4 0 meters the average speed of the airplane is 1 0 13 m s 2 0 84 m s 3 1 3 m s 4 8 4 m s

20 An electrically neutral object can be attracted by a positively charged object because A the net charge in a closed system varies B the charges on a neutral body can be redistributed C the neutral body becomes charged by contact D like charges repel each other

1 Electric Current Power How much current flows through a 10000 resistor when a voltage of 1 5 V is applied across it

The volume of a triangular pyramid is 224 units If the base and height of the triangle that forms its base are 12 units and 8 units respectively find the height of the pyramid

Balance these reactions making sure every element has the same number of atoms on the left side of the arrow as there are on the right side 1 H O H O 2 Na Cl NaC1 3 N O4 NO 4 Mg 0 MgO

1 8 5X10C A 3 1x10 6C 6 4x10 6 C B C 12 4 4 2 cm 2 9 cm a Calculate the electric force between A B Pe ka 8 99x109 1 12 3 5 166 3 1 15 04 2 6 370m 2 5 6x10 15 h Calculate the electric force between C B

10 An electrically neutral object can be attracted by a positively charged object because A the net charge in a closed system varies B the charges on a neutral body can be redistributed C the neutral body becomes charged by contact D like charges repel each other

A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 15 0 m s a How high does it rise m b How long does it take to reach its highest point S c How long does the ball take to hit the ground after it reaches its highest pe M S d What is its velocity when it returns to the level from which it started m s

A copper wire carries a current of 81 6 mA a Find the number of electrons that flow past a given point in the wire in 11 0 minutes electrons b In what direction do the electrons travel with respect to the current same direction opposite direction The magnitude is zero

A silver wire with a circular cross section has a mass of 1 10 g and a resistance of 0 620 0 At 20 C the resistivity of liver 150 x 100 m and its density is 10 500 kg m How long in m is the wire m What is the diameter in mm of the wire mm

A star is 3 95 x 1014 km from Earth How many days does it take for light to travel from the star to Earth One light year is the distance light travels in one year 365 days light travels at a speed of 3 00 108 m s i days What is the distance to the star in light years light years

If the charge on each of two small charged metal spheres is doubled and the distance between the spheres remains fixed the magnitude of the electric force between the spheres will be A the same C four times as great D one half as great B two times as great

Which type of sentence is this Since it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose recycling th se plastic ink dispensers helps the environment simple compound complex und complex

A battery with an emf of 9 35 V is connected to a 66 5 Q resistor The current through the battery is 110 mA What is the battery Q

Why do you think the capacitor is needed in the voltage multiplier circuit Give at least 3 applications of clipper circuits

Each of the figures below depicts the velocity v of a particle in the presence of a magnetic field B For each case determine the directi of the magnetic force on the particle if the particle is a proton positively charged and if it is an electron negatively charged a b x X X x x X x Bin X upward downward X magnetic force on a proton to the right to the left upward downward into the page O out of the page magnetic force on an electron to the right to the left upward downward into the page out of the page magnetic force on a proton to the right to the left into the page out of the page teo magnetic force on an electron to the right to the left upward downward into the page out of the page

f 0 magnetic force on a proton to the right to the left upward downward into the page out of the page magnetic force on an electron to the right to the left upward downward into the page out of the page magnetic force on a proton Oto the right to the left upward downward into the page out of the page magnetic force on an electron to the right to the left upward downward into the page O out of the page B

1 Sketch the output waveform for the following a b c 0 V 8 V 12 V 12 V 20 V 8 V 20 V V O C HH Si Ideal 1kQ R www 10 kQ

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Pick one of the following reactions and explain how it affects or relates to climate change Make sure to have a balanced chemical reaction and a few sentences explain how it affects climate change or is related to climate change i Incomplete combustion ii Complete combustion iii Synthesis of acid rain iv Ocean Acidification

During the Apollo XI Moon landing a retroreflecting panel was erected on the Moon s surface The speed of light can be found by measuring the time it takes a laser beam to travel from Earth reflect from the panel and return to Earth If this interval is found to be 2 51 s what is the measured speed of light Take the center to center distance from Earth to Moon to be 3 84 x 108 m Assume that the Moon is directly overhead and do not neglect the sizes of the Earth and Moon Assume the radius of the Earth and the Moon are 6380 km and 1740 km respectively m s

Two films with the exact same running time will also have narratives that unfold at the exact same pace True O False

uppose you wish to fabricate a uniform wire out of 1 30 g of copper If the wire is to have a resistance R 0 610 and if all the copper is to be used find the following W a What will be the length of the wire m b What will be the diameter of the wire mm

Which type of reaction occurs when you bake a tray of cookies A Exothermic because energy is absorbed from the surroundings B Exothermic because energy is released to the surroundings C Endothermic because energy is released to the surroundings D Endothermic because energy is absorbed from the surroundings

A scene that does not utilize a wide shot to capture all the action has no coverage O True False

A current of 80 8 mA exists in a metal wire a How many electrons flow past a given cross section of the wire in 10 9 min electrons b In what direction do the electrons travel with respect to the current O The magnitude is zero opposite direction same direction

climber is hanging from a rope on the side of a cliff She is pushing her feet against the side of the cliff Which free body diagram correctly shows this situation T 4WA O A A OB B O C C O D D FN W B FN W C FN FN W D T

Foley sound is recorded after the film is shot Truc False

Digital thermometers often make use of thermistors a type of resistor with resistance that varies with temperature more than standard resistors Find the temperature coefficient of resistivity in C 1 for a linear thermistor with resistances of 50 2 0 at 0 00 C and 244 0 at 529 C HINT C

A wheel of mass 38 kg is lifted to a height of 0 8 m How much gravitational potential energy is added to the wheel Acceleration due to gravity is g 9 8 m s A 3 1 J B 30 4 J C 11 321 J OD 297 9 J

1 A person stands on a bathroom scale in a motionless elevator When the elevator begins to move the scale briefl reads only 0 78 of the person s regular weight Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the elevator m s

What is the change in internal energy if 60 J of heat are released from a system and 20 J of work is done on the system Use AU Q W OA 40 J OB 80 J O C 80 J OD 40 J

estion 4 5 Marks building is 100m tall and is square in plan with all sides 25m in length The wind pressure acts perpendicular into one side of the building with a magnitude that varies parabolically proportional to the square of the building height The pressure is zero at se and 1 5kPa at the top Calculate the resultant wind force and its location

12 On a wet road the coefficient of static friction between a car s tires and the flat road is 0 38 What is the maximum speed a car can safely navigate a turn with a 74 0 m radius of curvature m s

The figure below shows three small positively charged beads at three corners of a rectangle The particle at upper left has a charge q 6 00 nC the one at the lower left has a charge of q2 4 00 nC and the one at lower right has a charge 43 3 00 nC The rectangle s horizontal side has length x 5 00 cm and its vertical side has length y 3 50 cm 9 a What is the electric potential in V at the upper right corner of the rectangle Assume the zero of electric potential is at infinity V b What would be the potential in V at the upper right corner if the charge q at lower left was 4 00 nC instead V

Which term describes the amount of heat needed to change 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point OA Latent heat of fusion B Specific heat of phase changes O C Latent heat of vaporization OD Specific heat capacity

There are over one million more solar power installations than fossil fuel plants in America However fossil fuels generate the most electricity and solar power contributes the least Construction and use of electrical power plants produce carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas GHG Building new power plants that maximize power production but minimize GHG emission is a current engineering challenge One approach used in the United States is to construct power plants that use renewable energy Characteristics of electrical plants that use certain renewable or nonrenewable sources of energy are listed in Table 1 Table 1 Energy Sources and Which statement correctly answers the question of whether electrical plants that use wind power instead of fossil fuels would maximize power production and minimize GHG emissions OA No using wind power costs more than using fossil fuels B Yes using wind power costs less than using fossil fuels C No using wind power creates a higher GHG emission intensity than using fossil fuels O D Yes using wind power produces a lower GHG emission intensity than using fossil fuels Ext

8 At an amusement park there is a ride in which cylindrically shaped chambers spin around a central axis People sit in seats facing the axis their backs against the outer wall At one instant the outer wall moves at a speed of 3 90 m s and an 88 0 kg person feels a 585 N force pressing against his back What is the radius of the chamber

Oppositely charged parallel plates are separated by 5 03 mm A potential difference of 600 V exists between the plates a What is the magnitude of the electric field between the plates N C b What is the magnitude of the force on an electron between the plates N c How much work must be done on the electron to move it to the negative plate if it is initially positioned 2 84 mm from the positive plate

A model rocket has a mass of 1 70 kg and a vertical thrust of 131 N at launch What is the initial acceleration of the model rocket Do not neglect gravity Define the positive direction to be upward

Peppered Moths Table 2 Peppered moths Biston betularia exhibit light and dark color variations Over the years 1950 2000 changes to the trees inhabited by a population of peppered moths were observed In 1950 trees were primarily dark and covered in soot as shown in Figure 1A In 2000 trees in the same areas were primarily light and covered in lichen as shown in 1B Light and dark colored moths are shown on each tree Which correlation population and its environment is best supported by the data provided O A When dark colored moths migrated out of the population tree color changed from mostly dark to mostly light B Dark colored moths turned into light colored moths when tree color changed from mostly dark to mostly light C When light colored moths outcompeted dark colored moths tree color changed from mostly dark to mostly light Exhibi OD Light colored moths became more common than dark colored moths ben tro0 C lor changed from mostly

Even though bison generally require large open areas with dense grass coverage to survive they are sometimes observed living in small areas with sparse grass coverage Scientists studied four areas in Canada s Banff National Park to determine habitat suitability for bison Table 1 Characteristics of Bison Areas Amount Size of Area km Grassland km 135 130 Total Grass Available millions of kg 6 53 A Based on the estimates of total grass available in the study areas and average grass consumption of an individual bison which study areas could support a herd of 2 000 bison over the winter O A 1 or 2 OB 2 or 3 OC 3 or 4 OD 1 or 4

An electric field does 2 29 x 103 eV of work on a nitrogen nucleus of charge 1 12 x 10 18 C Find the change in the nucleus electric potential and electric potential energy in joules HINT a change in electric potential in V V b change in electric potential energy in joules

Greenland Ice Sheets Figure 3 Changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere impacts global sea level Rising carbon dioxide CO levels are correlated with rising atmospheric temperatures Researchers collected data shown in Figures 1 and 2 on atmospheric carbon dioxide and global sea level Concentration ppm Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Year The ice sheets reflect energy from sunlight back into space and allow the Earth to stay cooler If the ice sheets melt the amount of energy reflected will change and thus the temperature of the Earth can change Based on the data complete the model to show how a change in the ice sheets leads to changes in other Earth systems Drag and drop the answers in the correct boxes Not all answers will be used Decreased ice sheet mass Increased ice sheet mass Decreased Earth temperature Increased Earth temperature H Less sunlight reflected More sunlight reflected Increased carbon dioxide Increased Earth temperature

A clear marble made of a type of absorbent polymer a type of plastic is easily visible when held but seems to disappear when placed in a glass of water Light with a frequency of 5 60 x 1014 Hz Hertz is used to test the behavior of light through the different substances The velocity of light v is measured as the product of frequency f and wavelength A v fx Figure 1 shows a polymer marble before and after it is dropped into a glass of distilled water As indicated the light changes velocity when it passes through each substance Which wavelength A of the light results as passes from water into the polymer ball A 3 57 x 10 7 m OB 4 02 x 10 7 m O C 5 35 x 10 7 m O D 7 12 x 10 7 m

A small plastic ball of mass m 2 50 g is suspended by a string of length L 24 5 cm in a uniform electric field as shown in the figure below Il ball is in equilibrium when the string makes a 0 18 5 angle with the vertical as indicated what is the net charge on the ball 0 E 1 00 x10 N C L E

proton accelerates from rest in a uniform electric field of 606 N C At some later time its speed is 1 34 x 106 m s a Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the proton m s b How long does it take the proton to reach this speed HS c How far has it moved in that interval m d What is its kinetic energy at the later time

A researcher builds a parallel plate capacitor with adjustable spacing between the plates When the plates are at their initial separation the capacitance is 6 50 F a At this capacitance the capacitor is connected to a 18 00 V battery After fully charging how much energy in J is stored in the capacitor b The battery is then disconnected Without discharging the capacitor the researcher then doubles the separation between the plates At this point how much energy in J is stored in the capacitor J c Without changing this new separation between the plates the capacitor is discharged and then reconnected to the 18 00 V battery Now after fully charging how much energy in J is stored in the capacitor J

S Part A Answer all questions in this part Directions 1 35 For each statement or question choose the word or expression that of those given best completes the statement or answers the question Some questions may require the use of the 2006 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting Physics Record your answers on your separate answer sheet 1 Which combination correctly pairs a vector quantity with its corresponding unit 1 weight and kg 2 velocity and m s 3 speed and m s 4 acceleration and m s 2 A 12 0 kilogram cart is moving at a speed of 0 25 meter per second After the speed of the cart is tripled the inertia of the cart will be 1 unchanged 2 one third as great 3 three times greater 4 nine times greater 3 While taking off from an aircraft carrier a jet starting from rest accelerates uniformly to a final speed of 40 meters per second on a runway that is 70 meters long What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the jet 1 0 29 m s 2 0 57 m s 4 A 6 0 kilogram cart initially traveling at 4 0 meters per second east accelerates uniformly at 0 50 meter per second squared east for 3 0 seconds What is the speed of the cart at the end of this 3 0 second interval 1 1 5 m s 2 5 5 m s 3 1 8 m s2 4 11 m s sics June 18 3 3 0 m s 4 7 0 m s 5 A soccer ball is kicked into the air from level ground with an initial speed of 20 meters per second and returns to ground level At which angle above the horizontal should the ball be kicked in order for the ball to travel the greatest total horizontal distance Neglect friction 1 15 2 30 3 45 4 75 2 6 Starting from rest a car travels 18 meters as it accelerates uniformly for 3 0 seconds What is the magnitude of the car s acceleration 1 6 0 m s 2 2 0 m s 7 A ball is rolling horizontally at 3 00 meters per second as it leaves the edge of a tabletop 0 750 meter above the floor The ball lands on the floor 0 391 second after leaving the tabletop What is the magnitude of the ball s acceleration 0 200 second after it leaves the tabletop Neglect friction 1 1 96 m s 2 7 65 m s 3 3 0 m s 4 4 0 m s 8 A projectile with mass m is fired with initial horizontal velocity v from height h above level ground Which change would have resulted in a greater time of flight for the projectile Neglect friction 3 9 81 m 4 15 3 m s 1 decreasing the mass to m 2 2 decreasing the height to h 2 3 increasing the initial horizontal velocity to 20 4 increasing the height to 2h 1 2 2 Nos 2 880 Nes 9 A golf club hits a stationary 0 050 kilogram golf ball with an average force of 5 0 x 10 newtons accelerating the ball to a speed of 44 meters per second What is the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the ball by the golf club 1 0 025 N 2 5 0 N 3 1 1 x 104 Nos 4 2 2 x 105 N s 10 A tennis player s racket applies an average force of 200 newtons to a tennis ball for 0 025 second The average force exerted on the racket by the tennis ball is 3 200 N 4 80 0 N