Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers

Hormones do not cause cancer but may be used to treat it Incorrect Hormones can increase the incidence of cancer Hormones may cause cancer and cannot be used to treat it Hormones may cause cancer but may also be used to treat it Hormones interact with cancer in a consistent and understood manner Question 28 At what point is a person considered to be brain dead when both the brain and heart stop functioning Incorrect The function of the heart is not a criteria for determining brain death when th 0 1 pts

concerning vaccines Providing support to countries in health matters Guiding global health matters and setting norms Manufacturing and distributing vaccines globally Ensuring the safety efficacy and security of vaccines Question 32 Symptomatic treatment of COPD includes antibiotics Incorrect Antibiotics is not a treatment 0 1 pts

Findings indicate that the most widely used combination pill for birth control might have what impact on the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer The most widely used combination pill combining estrogen and progestin might decrease the risk of these cancers The most widely used combination pill combining progesterone and progestin might decrease the risk of these cancers Incorrect Progestin is a synthetic form of progesterone the two are not used together in a combination pill The most widely used combination pill combining progesterone and progestin might increase the risk of these cancers The most widely used combination pill combining estrogen and progestin might increase

t Adulthood Elderly Infancy Childhood Adolescence Question 37 Which of the following is true about serous exudate It is made up of serum like fluid with small amounts of protein It is found after infections such as strep throat It is not easily reabsorbed after healing begins It contains dead neutrophils tissue debris and nuogonio hootanin 0 1 pts

asthma diabetes mellitus a sore throat arthritis Question 39 What is the leading cause of death due to infections in the older population pneumonia influenza

Women who have been pregnant and gone through childbirth appear to have a protective mechanism from cancer of the Olung cervix Incorrect There has been no proven protection from cancer of the cervix in women who have been pregnant and gone through childbirth brain ovary

type test can be used to quickly diagnosis strep throat Mantoux test Etest Incorrect Etest uses an antibiotic permeated strip to sow the kill zone and indicate the concentration of antibiotic needed to kill the organism serologic testing

The central portion of an abscess softens and develops a head tail midsection Incorrect Midsection does not apply to abscess formation

A sprained ankle takes a very long time to heal and the ankle may now be prone to repeated injury In terms of pathogenesis it would be described as what palliative acute Incorrect An acute disease is short term holistic chronic

Natalie has been diagnosed with small cell lung tumors Why do small cell lung tumors have a poor prognosis They do not respond well to radiation They metastasize before symptoms occur They affect patients who smoked and have poor health They do not respond well to chemotherapy Incorrect Small cell lung tumors do respond well to chemotherapy

A skin callus on the foot is an example of what hyperplasia neoplasm cachexia Incorrect Cachexia is a condition in which an individual begins to lose weigh appear thin frail and weak

What is a chronic infection A long term infection that might last for years An infection that quickly resolves on its own An infection that has no symptoms An infection lasting less than a week

A common disease in the group of COPD diseases is laryngitis asthma emphysema the common cold Incorrect The common cold is not one of the common diseases in the group a COPD diseases

What is the relationship between alcohol use and cancer risk Alcohol has been proven to be a carcinogen Incorrect Alcohol has not been proven to be a carcinogen Alcohol has been proven not to be a carcinogen Studies have shown a higher incidence of testicular cancer in men who drink even moderat amounts Studies have shown a higher incidence of breast cancer in women who drink even moderate amounts

Smooth muscle cells which are not striated contain actin filaments that are arranged obliquely and contracting smooth muscle cells change shape from long and thin to ball shaped fat and globular longer and thinner square shaped

What type of joint is shown at the tip of the pointer Submit Request Answer LT A51 Pelvic Skeleton Female 38 Sciertifice

The Frank Starling Law states that if other factors are constant a O higher end diastolic volume will produce a higher stroke volume O higher stroke volume will produce a higher end diastolic volume O higher stroke volume will produce a lower end diastolic volume O higher end diastolic volume will produce a lower stroke volume

Which of the following is NOT a functional characteristic of white blood cells 140 O Granulosa Ameboid motion O Positive chemotaxis

Which structural layer of blood vessels is most responsible fro maintaining blood pressure Subendothelial Tunica interna Tunica externa Tunica media

Hemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss O True O False

Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas O True O False

Which statement best describes arteries O All contain valves to prevent backbflow of blood Only arge arteries are lined with endothelium All carry blood away from the heart All carry oxygenated blood to the heart

Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue space frm the interior blood vessels O True False

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells O The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympthetic parasympathetic and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle O The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction

FITB 1 5 points partial credit Indicate whether each of the 3 statements below describes skelet more than once or not at all each question has only one answer 1 Can have 1 or 2 nuclei but not more 1 2 Not striated 2 3 Branched cells 3 Answers 1 3 1

What question caused tensions between the US federal government and the South Carolina state government during the Nullification Crisis Can Congress regulate the practice of slavery in territories of the United States Are citizens of states that have outlawed slavery required to abide by the Fugitive Slave Act Is a state required to abide by a federal law that the state believes is unconstitutional Do state governors or the US president have ultimate authority over state militias

01 08 MC Which U S foreign policy goal does this scenario support The president of the United States sends an executive official to Taiwan to discuss its relations with China O World peace O Spread of democracy O Humanitarian help O National security

Which two devices and their inventors helped shape the evolution of video games A Xbox Bill Gates and Ed Fries B Pong Allan Alcorn C ENIAC John Mauchly and J Presper Eckert D COBOL Grace Hopper

01 08 LC Why are conflicts over foreign policy common between Congress and the president O Only the president can make foreign policy but will request money from Congress for it O Both the president and Congress have roles in creating and carrying out foreign policy O The president usually acts on foreign policy matters without any input from Congress O Congress has total control of foreign policy and is often in conflict with the president Question 7 Multiple Choice Worth 5 points 01 08 MC Which U15 forgian polic

Question 9 Multiple Choice Worth 5 points 01 08 MC Which scenario could be a threat to U S national security OA large earthquake has hit Paris France and multiple buildings in the city have been destroyed OA leader from a terrorist organization has sent members to a nearby country like Cuba O Trade between China and Germany has decreased due to failed negotiations between them

One of the major motivations for the social reform movements temperance education women s suffrage and abolition of the 1840s and 1850s America came from Uncle Tom s Cabin The Enlightenment The Second Great Awakening Eastern Philosophies

stricter measures to prevent slave uprisings in southern stat a unified Northern abolitionist movement an end to slave resistance

support for educational reform in rural areas of the U S start an unsuccessful slave revolt support the settling of Liberia by freed slaves urge immediate freedom of slaves in the United States

Increasing male suffrage to all white men emphasizing the spoils system Indian Removal Act and focusing on the common man are all associated with which period of U S History Progressive Era Jeffersonian Democracy Jacksonian Democracy Reconstruction

William Lloyd Garrison and his newspaper The Liberator worked in support of what reform movement Native Americans Westward Expansion Abolitionist Temperance

education reform free public education funded locally child labor Oprison reform women s suffrage

In Henry Clay s American System how would new transportation systems to link the Midwest and North be funded income taxes Oprotective tariffs to keep foreign goods more expensive than American made goods to help American businesses local and regional loans loans from Britain

What group is most closely associated with the Antebellum pre civil war temperance movement slaves men women children

ge gates Closed Na inactivation What gates are open or closed during repolarization What gates are open or closed during hyperpolarization Closed Not

Each column filter or stopcock for the column stopcock to your lab bench 1 Equilibrate the columns by applying 30 mL of Buffer A through the column DO NOT let the column dry out always add the next buffer immediately after the previous buffer runs completely into the column 2 While the columns are equilibrating centrifuge any solid precipitate from your dialyzed samples P1 and P2 by spinning in the tabletop bucket centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 3 min you will need to separate the sample into several Eppendorf tubes Transfer the supernatants to fresh Eppendorf tubes do not disturb the solid precipitate at the bottom Set aside 1 mL of P1 and P2 for later use during protein electrophoresis 3 Dilute the remaining P1 sample 100 fold in DI water Load 3 5 mL of each sample diluted P1 and undiluted P2 onto separate columns Allow the samples to flow into the column 4 Wash columns by passing 10 mL Buffer A through the column 5 Load 10 mL of the low salt buffer Buffer A 50 mM NaCl onto the column After 5 mL of salt buffer has flown through entered the column start collecting fractions of 1 2 mL each in cuvettes set a cuvette below the column and let the drops fall in until the cuvette is three fourths full for each salt buffer you will fill approximately 5 cuvettes BE SURE TO NUMBER THE FRACTIONS IN ORDER 6 Blank the scanning spectrophotometer with the low salt buffer As you collect fractions measure the OD 280 nm with the spectrophotometer Proteins absorb UV light at 280 nm so those fractions containing the most protein should have the highest OD 280 nm When you identify the fraction from the low salt wash that contains the most protein first perform a spectral analysis on the sample and then transfer 2 mL of this sample or as much as you can to a labeled Eppendorf tube and place on ice to be used later The remaining samples can be discarded 7 Load 10 mL of medium salt buffer Buffer A 200 mM NaCl onto the column As before collect 1 2 mL fractions into labeled cuvettes and determine which fraction contains the most protein by reading the OD 280 Blank with medium salt buffer Once you have identified the fraction from the medium salt wash that contains the most protein first perform a spectral analysis of the sample and then transfer the sample to a labeled Eppendorf tube and place on ice for later use The remaining samples can be discarded 8 Load 10 mL of high salt buffer Buffer A 500 mM NaCl onto the column Collect 1 2 mL fractions into labeled cuvettes and determine which fraction contains the most protein by reading the OD 280 Blank with the high salt buffer Once you have identified the fraction from the high salt wash that contains the most protein first perform a spectral analysis of the sample and then transfer the sample to a labeled Eppendorf tube and place on ic for later use The remaining samples can be discarded

Paper 3 mark scheme is provided in the Exam Practice chapter This should make it easier to understand what examiners are looking for in examination answers The actual Paper 3 IB History mark scheme can be found on the IB website The content covered by this book will provide you with the historical knowledge and understanding to help you answer all the specific content bullet points set out in the IB History Guide Also by the time you have worked through the various exercises you should have the skills necessary to construct relevant clear well argued and well supported essays Background to the period China before 1949 A general understanding of the background history of China before 1949 will help put the developments in China after 1949 into context The 1911 Revolution Before 1911 China was ruled by emperors and the political system was extremely undemocratic Economically China was an undeveloped agricultural society in which most of the population were poor peasants There were frequent famines in which millions died Because of its limited economic development and relative military weakness China was often at the mercy of stronger more developed states such as Britain the US Germany France and Japan In particular China s resources and people were frequently exploited by foreign companies As a result of all these problems groups of would be political reformers merged in China during the 19th century These groups tried to push or reforms to modernise and democratise Chinese society but they ere usually brutally crushed by the Chinese government or by e forces of Western powers The lack of success of these reformers entually led some to believe that revolution violent if necessary s the only way things could be improved Introductior However those wanting reform to agree on which strategy offered the best way forward At first or revolution often found it hard groups in China wanting radical change adopted liberal and nationalist ideologies rather than those based on socialist or communist ideas Soon though Marxism began to appeal to a small number of reformers and revolutionaries Although there was a nationalist revolution in China in 1911 known as the Double Tenth as it began on 10 October 1911 which overthrew the emperor and established a republic Marxism was still relatively insignificant in China The preponderance of nationalism among China s youth was shown for instance by the May Fourth Movement which university students began on 4 May 1919 to protest against the treaties that had ended World War One and which despite China being on the Allied side had allowed Japan to retain some Chinese ports After the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917 however Marxist ideas began to spread more widely in China In 1921 the Chinese Communist Party CCP was formed one of its founder members was Mao Zedong Mao Zedong 1893 1976 Mao came from a relatively prosperous peasant family In 1913 he decided to train as a teacher and in 1918 he helped establish a Society for the Study of Marxism In 1919 he became a library assistant in Beijing University and studied Marxism In 1921 he became a founder member of the Chinese Communist Party CCP he became its leader in 1935 and held this position until his death in 1976 He resented Soviet attempts to influence developments in China both in the years before and after the victory of the CCP in 1949 and from the 1960s a serious split developed between these two Communist states During the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s his ideas were spread by young Chinese activists organised in units of Red Guards At first Communism in China was heavily influenced by developments in the Soviet Union in fact the formation of the Chinese Communist Party had been encouraged by the Communist leaders in Soviet Russia At the time the Chinese Nationalist Party the Guomindang or GMD under its founder and leader Sun Yat sen was attempting to establish

Choose the correct answer is language designed to be persuasive O Rhetoric O Plagiarism O Bias O None of the choices

Which of the following choices best describes a quotation O A quotation is a creative passage in a work of fiction O A quotation is the passage that reveals the thesis statement in an essay O A quotation is a sentence that presents interesting examples O A quotation is a sentence or a passage repeated verbatim from another source

5 How does the skeletal muscle relax stop contracting a What happens to the neurotransmitter

What is diplopia What is ptosis Can they be related Which cranial nerves might be effected

16 A person with a cardiac output of 2 Liters per minute would most likely suffer A Septic B Anaphylactic C Cardiogenic D Neurogenic E Psychogenic 17 A person with a blood volume of 3 Liters would most likely suffer A Septic B Hypovolemic C Cardiogenic D Neurogenic E Psychogenic 18 The vasoconstrictor center acts though the A Somatic B Sympathetic C Parasympathetic D Neither nervous system E None of the above 19 Normally the intact endothelium produces A Endothelin Von Willebrand platelet aggregation B Prostacyclin Nitric Oxide platelet aggr gation C Thrombomodulin heparin platelet aggregation D Angiotensinogen Angiotensin platelet aggregation nervous system and shock which inhibit shock

Questions 21 thru 26 are matching Match the correct descriptive term with correct vessel type A Resistance Vessels B Capacitance vessels C Exchange vessels D Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart E Conducting Vessels F Distributive vessels 21 Muscular arteries 22 Elastic Arteries 23 Arteries 24 Veins 25 Arterioles 26 Capillaries

atrium are A Elastic arteries arterioles capillaries muscular arteries veins venules B Muscular arteries elastic arteries post capillary venules capillaries arterioles C Elastic arteries muscular arteries arterioles capillaries post capillary venules venules veins D Elastic arteries capillaries post capillary venules venules arterioles muscular arteries E None of the above 2 There are A 2 coronary systemic B 3 coronary systemic hepatic portal C 5 coronary systemic hepatic portal pulmonary pedal D 4 coronary systemic hepatic portal pulmonary E None of the above 4 generic human body circulations and they are 3 The incorporates but the A Velocity of flow cross sectional area rate of flow A B Rate of flow resistance velocity of flow C Rate of flow change in pressure velocity of flow D Velocity of flow change in pressure rate of flow E Velocity of flow resistance rate of flow produces a sound and the sound laminar flow turbulent flow mora laminar lower does not does not The the flow the

Context Plants name Main plant Marigold Tagetes Other plants also included in lab Vinca Catharanthus roseus Begonia Level of soil per pot Pot 1 5 cm Pot 2 7 5 cm Pot 3 12 cm Pot 4 15 cm IV Level amount of soil in the different pots DV Amount of leaves on each branch of the plant within each pot Research Question How does the mass of soil affect the amount of leaves on each branch of a marigold plant Constant variables Watered evenly same amount of sunlight same location time span Directions I Using the information above please write a few paragraphs answering the questions below in the format of an IB Biology IA Lab report Methodology MV correctly identified with units and levels including how the levels were chosen Minimum of five levels of MV over a suitable range unless comparing populations or correlating variables without manipulation RV as directly recorded and or calculated correctly identified with units RV is quantifiable Important CV identified with the potential impact of each discussed Validity measures and or control group are not misunderstood as CV

M C 1 point In a single blind randomized clinical trial who is blind Answers A D A The physician doctor B The patient C The sponsor D The FDA