Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers

1 Describe the anatomy of the 3 layers of the skin and the describe functions of each layer 2 Describe the role of keratinocytes and discuss their life cycle 3 Discuss Merkel cells describe what they do and where they are most abundant and why 4 Describe the role of melanocytes in skin pigmentation 5 Describe the difference between the hair follicle shaft and root 6 Describe the 2 types of sweat glands where are they found and what are they used for and how are sebaceous glands different Submit your answer to Canvas as a word doc or in the text box

OO OO One similarity between The Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate About You is the father s rule that Bianca can only date if her older sister dates the father s rule that both daughters must marry rich men the father s rule that neither daughter can ever leave home the father s rule that his older Odaughter can only date if his

O Microencephaly O Limb reduction Spina bifida O Tetralogy of Fallot Question 10 0 5 pts In 1998 Congress passed the Birth Defects Prevention Act which authorized which agency to collect analyze and make available data on birth defects operate regional centers for applied epidemiological research on the prevention of birth defects and educate the public about the prevention of birth defects Which agency is authorized to engage in these Birth Defect Prevention activities

True or False Because the Demographic Yearbook is intended for a broad audience health data are reprinted for the World Health Statistics to make them more readily accessible to medical and public health professionals 0 O True O False Question 8 0 5 pts The purpose of which survey is to describe national patterns of healthcare delivery across treatment settings using a new sample of hospitals and a sample of freestanding ambulatory surgery centers O National Hospital Discharge Survey NHDS National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey NHAMCS

32 Mary Hicks is a 35 y o female who presents to the physician for excessive bleeding She has been taking high dose antibiotics for three months Lab Test PT Prolonged PTT Normal Platelet count 270 000 per microliter Vitamin K blood level is low A What clotting factor would most likely cause this condition B Which coagulation pathway has the problem C How specifically does Vitamin K help clotting

A OG G B Considering the two containers above separated by a semipermeable membrane which direction will water move utilizing the force of osmosis From A into B O From B into A

On page 138 Select the statement that is true Osmosis is the diffusion of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration O the movement of water between compartments with different particle concentrations the fusion of an electron from a negatively charged ion to a positively charged ion O the hormonal stimulation that results in water and electrolyte retention

How many layers of cells does this epithelium have What is the dark purple band at the base of the epithelium Trachea slide MH 136 from Chapter 2 What type of epithelium lines the trachea What apical cell surface modification is found on the epithelium of the trachea Trachea slide MH 136 from Chapter 5 What color is the cartilage in this picture What is the name for the cells found in cartilage Blood slide MH 033hr look at the red blood cells RBC You will see RBC in many other tissues also and it s important to be able to identify them wherever you find them Find two other slides where you can see RBC List the NAME and NUMBER here 1

All tissues are classified in one of these categories 2 1 3 4 Important Terms The inside of a hollow organ is called the lumen Name three organs that have a lumen 1 2

The protocol for traveling on a one way street with at least three lanes includes using the center lane s for through traffic and the outside lanes for turning utilizing the far left lane for left turns and the center and right lanes for through traffic using the center lane s for turning and the outside lanes for through traffic

No left turns What traffic direction is provided by this sign No right turns thedvani com No U turns thedvart com

Albinism is a rare genetic condition in which an individual s cells lack the ability to produce a typical amount of skin pigmentation In which region of the skin are these affected cells found O reticular layer of the dermis stratum granulosum of the epidermis stratum basale of the epidermis papillary layer of the

Which of the following best describes a cell in the stratum corneum of the epidermis O a living and actively dividing cuboidal shaped stem cell or keratinocyte a living cuboidal keratinocyte but one that is not actively dividing a dead squamous stem cell keratinocyte or melanocyte a dead squamous keratinocyte

Your patient has come into the hospital with a laceration cut that has exposed adipose tissue Based on your knowledge of the skin which is the deepest portion of the skin have been cut completely through Ostratum corneum Opapillary layer of the dermis reticular layer of the dermis stratum ha K

Which layer of the epidermis is found in thick skin only stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum spinosum

Stickler Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that inhibit the production of the collagen protein Which of the following tissues would you expect this to most severely effect blood dense irregular connective tissue stratified squamous epithelial tissue loose areolar connective tissue

D Question 2 What is the body s last line of defense against foreign invaders O physical or surface barriers O intact skin O inflammation imm

Question 3 As part of the immune response what do lymphocytes produce O neutrophils O bacteria

Question 5 Mycoses are diseases caused by what O Fungi O Bacteria Orickettsiae

Question 7 Which disease is known for its potential to become chronic Ol 1 pts

If you are looking at a typical histological section of the human respiratory tract which tissue you expect to be closest to the lumen pseudostratified columnar epithelium hyaline cartilage smooth muscle ative ticcua

What type of macromolecule is collagen carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid

If there are more negative ions in the intracellular fluid compared to the extracellular fluid there will be a charge at the cell s surface What kind of charge will we see The nuclear membrane will be more negative inside the nucleus The nuclear membrane will be more negative outside the nucleus The plasma membrane will be more negative inside the cell The plasma membrane will be more negative outside the cell

What is the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol The cytoplasm contains watery fluid the cytosol does not The cytoplasm contains the cytosol and the organelles Cytoskeletal proteins are included in the cytosol but not the cytoplasm The cytoplasm is intracellular but the cytosol is extracellular

You want to visualize a cell under a microscope specifically in metaphase of mitosis What type of molecule would you seek to develop that would allow a cell to reach metaphase but not go any farther in the cell cycle molecule that inhibits the formation of a mitotic spindle a molecule that stops the separation of duplicated chromosomes a molecule that stimulates the breakdown of the nuclear envelope a molecule that promotes the process of cytokinesis

Which of the following is a correct difference between exocytosis and endocytosis endocytosis is a type of simple diffusion whereas exocytosis is a type of facilitated diffusion endocytosis occurs at the cell plasma membrane whereas exocytosis occurs in the nucleus endocytosis happens in hypertonic environments whereas exocytosis happens in hypotonic environments endocytosis brings substances into a cell whereas exocytosis released substances from a cell out into the extracellular environment

Atom A has 10 total electrons and Atom B has an atomic charge of 1 and and atomic number of 8 If these two atoms are close enough to each other will they form a chemical bond Yes they will form an ionic bond Yes they will form a single covalent bond No Atom A s valence shell is in a satisfied state No Atom B s valence shell is in a satisfied state

Placing a protein in a very low pH solution will cause the protein to completely unfold denature Which level s of structure would you be able to observe in such a denatured protein primary only primary and secondary only primary secondary and tertiary only primary secondary tertiary and quaternary

Which two organic macromolecules are commonly used as sources of energy carbohydrates and lipids carbohydrates and nucleic acids lipids and proteins lipids and nucleic acids

How do we classify the bond between two oxygen atoms double covalent bond ionic bond single covalent bond triple covalent bond

Which of the following molecules is classified as a lipid sodium chloride adenosine triphosphate ATP glycogen

Your patient was riding their bike when they lost control and ran into a sharp object puncturing their lung Which of the following structures would you expect to be damaged from this injury parietal pleura spinal meninges visceral peritoneum

When blood oxygen levels decrease below normal levels oxygen sensing cells in blood vessels send information to the brain The brain then stimulates the contraction of respiratory muscles which increases an individual s breathing rate and therefore their blood oxygen levels In this feedback loop which is are the receptors the brain oxygen sensing cells in blood vessels respiratory muscles increased blood oxygen levels

Which of the following is an example of a structure function relationship water moves across a cell membrane to areas of high solute concentration platelets in the blood become activated due to a wounded blood vessel and recruit more platelets to the region when core body temperature increases the body begins to sweat the hollow nature of a blood vessel allows for the movement of blood along it

Which organ would you expect to find in the cranial cavity spinal cord lungs brain small intestine

A nurse is caring for a patient with multiple myeloma Which of the following laboratory values would be important for the nurse to monitor Select all that apply hematocrit Owhite blood cells O platelets calcium

Choose the answer that is NOT part of the lymph system Choose an incorrect answer regarding parts of the lymph system O pituitary thymus spleen O tonsils

Question 6 1 pts Choose the type of leukemia most likely to involve abnormal B or T cell production O AML

A friend asks a nursing student My mom and grandma both have multiple sclerosis I know I m going to get it too What is the best response from the nursing student O Maybe you will be a lot older than your mom when you first start having symptoms O You can be tested to see if you have the gene for multiple sclerosis At least you will know for sure Auto immune diseases are not only hereditary something has to trigger them and that may not happen to you O Multiple sclerosis is a type II hypersensitivity reaction and you can be treated with monoclonal antibodies now

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease affecting joints where antibody antigen complexes settle in synovial tissue and cause an inflammatory response What type of hypersensitivity reaction is rheumatoid arthritis O Type I O Type II O Type III O Type IV

A patient asks the nurse Since HIV is a virus just like influenza that causes the flu is a virus do antiviral medications work for HIV Choose the best response from the nurse Antiviral medications stop viruses from replicating so disease symptoms are minimized The medication categories are similar but HIV requires more than one antiviral medication HIV is much more dangerous than influenza and they are not treated the same O HIV replicates differently than the flu virus so antivirals don t work

A person with a primary humoral B cell deficiency would be expected to experience what type of infection O A viral infection affecting T helper cells A blood borne bacterial infection

A patient states It s that time of the year when I suffer with hay fever This patient experiences what type of hypersensitivity reaction O Type I O Type II O Type III O Type IV

Select the example s of active adaptive immunity Select all that apply mom passes antibodies against SARS COV 2 to baby in breast milk O immunization following the flu shot antibodies exist after experiencing symptoms of Covid 19 a patient very ill with Covid 19 receives monoclonal antibodies a patient at risk for human immunodeficiency virus takes antiretroviral medications

P 1 P2 F1 1 F1 2 F2 1 2 2 2 2 In fruit flies the gene for eye color is encoded on the X chromosome and has a dominant W allele and a recessive W allele Like in humans females have two X chromosomes and males have single X and Y chromosomes The following breeding program starts with homozygous red eyed female and a hemizygous white eyed male F1s are then inbred to produce an F2 generation Match the individual flies with their likely genotypes P F1 F2 19 19 19 H 20 W W W Y 02 Choose Choose 02 Choose Choose 4 5 pts 30

YOUR hypothesis Men who visit the Black Barbershops for their haircuts will increase in their healthy behaviors compared to men who attend standard barbershops 2 Now identify the following variables in the experiment a State your independent variable b State your dependent variable i Tell me how you would measure operationalize your dependent variable c What does the experimental group receive do d What does the control group receive do 3 What type of data do you think your experiment would collect i e what will be the expected results of the experiment 5 4 Would you conduct your study in a research lab or at barbershops Based on your decision do you think your study would have higher internal or external validity Why do you think it is important to have research to support these programs

Drag the appropriate events of excitation contraction coupling to their respective locations bins View Available Hint s Myosin forms cross bridges with actin Sodium channels open along sarcolemma Motor neuron signals muscle fiber contraction Calcium ions bind to troponin Calcium ions are Tropomyosin shifts position Action potential is conducted along T tubule

Identify the regions of the sarcomere Note that labels may be used more than once View Available Hint s Hint 1 Labeling the sarcomere M line A band Z disc H zone Re

Part A Which description best describes the location of the coxal region medial to the inguinal region inferior to the abdominal region Oinferior to the vertebral region medial to the sacral region Olateral to the pelvic region inferior to the abdominal region O distal to the sternal region lateral to the pelvic region Submit P P Request TER BEH 20 Bes P BEGY HOME 20 FREE M EFFER A

Karen s late to class today She must be super irresponsible subjective validation belief bias confirmation bias fundamental attribution error