General Anatomy Questions and Answers

Although the West Nile virus was first reported in California in 2002, it has now established itself here, and there are reported cases every year. Which of the following terms best applies to West Nile virus in California? A. Endemic B. Epidemic C. Pandemic D. Prevalent E. Sporadic

Membrane potential is a measure of the electrical gradient across a membrane the chemical gradient across a membrane the amount of ATP in the mitochondria the osmolarity inside the cell all of the above

What happens to pyruvate when oxygen is present? pyruvate is broken down into acetyl CA excess pyruvate is removed from the cell by exocytosis pyruvate goes through glycolysis pyruvate is broken down by fermentation to produce lactic acid and a small amount of ATP pyruvate will slowly accumulate and become toxic to the cell

Which of the following statements about action potentials is incorrect? Action potentials are unidirectional; they do not travel backwards During the absolute refractory period, another action potential cannot be generated An action potential that has an excitatory effect on the postsynaptic cell is called EPSP During the rising phase of an action potential, the membrane potential becomes more negative than it is at rest (-70 mV) At the peak of an action potential, the membrane potential is positive

The Na+/K+ pump generates unequal ion concentrations across cell membranes and is an example of primary active transport. generates a positive resting membrane potential. is located only in nerve and muscle cells actively transports 3 chloride ions into the cell. is activated by depolarization.

Peripheral membrane proteins can act as transport proteins. may be on the extracellular or intracellular side of a cell are sometimes transmembrane proteins are associated with the plasma membrane but are not embedded inside the bilayer are important for cellular identity.

Homeostasis is best described as a process where the external environment does not influence the internal environment the prevention of changes in the external environment maintaining a stable internal environment while the external environment changes responding instantly to changes in the immediate external environment the management of changes in the external environment despite internal conditions

Most bone infections have what type of origin?

What support structure attaches bone to other bone?

Where skull bones come together represents what type of joint

What support structure attaches muscle to bone?

The pubic symphysis is an example of what type of joint?

What type of joint is the most structurally complex?

Synovitis can be indicated by the presence of what in the blood?

What imaging technique is effective in identifying ankylosing spondylitis?

Clients diagnosed with somatic symptom disorders intentionally fake their illnesses in order to obtain some special treatment generally have a physical cause for their illness experience distressing bodily symptoms that cause impairment usually have little concern over their state of health

Metabolic acidosis can be: caused by a decreased breathing rate. inherited. compensated for by an increased breathing rate and depth. caused by a decreased gas exchange surface area. compensated for by the retention of large numbers of H* in the kidneys.

Which of the following is one of the functions of the human skeleton? A. producing hormones B. bringing gases into the body C. removing waste from the body D. providing a site for blood cell formation

Which erectile tissue of the penis forms the glans and also helps to keep the urethra patient? Corpora cavernosa Rete testes Epididymis Corpora spongiosum

Which of the following resulted in a decrease in glomerular capillary pressure? decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter increasing the efferent arteriole diameter increasing the afferent arteriole diameter

Hyperventilation causes a in the blood concentration of CO2, and thus the rate of respiration. decrease; increase increase; decrease decrease; decrease increase; increase

What happens at day 14 of the ovarian cycle?

In the fetus, the genital tubercle turns into a in the absence of testosterone and turns into a in the presence of testosterone.

Describe what happens during a womans ovarian cycle, starting at day 1.

What is the best method to assess the ECF volume status in patients who appear euvolemic by clinical examination? high urine potassium concentration low urine potassium concentration high urine sodium concentration low urine sodium concentration

Letter A points to the structure called that is under control. urogenital diagram, voluntary external urethral sphincter, voluntary detrusor muscle, involuntary internal urethral sphincter, involuntary

Stage 3 of ovarian cycle indicated on the picture is called ovulation primary follicle degenerating corpus luteum Graafian, or tertiary, follicle corpus luteum secondary follicle

Which statement is NOT correct? The right lung is bigger than the left lung. When the left bronchus reaches the lung, it makes three branches that are called secondary bronchi. Cardiac impression is a feature of the left lung, where the heart is located. Bronchioles are the tiny branches of tertiary bronchi that reach the alveolar sacs.

A molecule of the fatty acid palmitic acid yields approximately 106 molecules of ATP. How is this possible if fatty acids are not substrates for glycolysis? Palmitic acid produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, and therefore does not need to go through the steps of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, or the electron transport chain. Palmitic acid is first converted to glucose in order to begin the sequence of steps necessary for oxidative phosphorylation. Fatty acid oxidation produces the electron carriers FADH2 and NADH as well as molecules of acetyl CoA, all of which directly or indirectly provide substrates for the electron transport chain. Fatty acids donate their electrons directly to the electron transport chain.

What are the four types of bonds in an antibody-antigen complex? a) Van der Waals forces, covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds b) Covalent bonds, peptide bonds, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions c) Peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces and metallic bonds d) Hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions

Define homeostasis and list and explain the components of a feedback loop. Explain the relationship between homeostasis and feedback loops.

Pressure exerted on water movement based on the amount of solute in a solution is called: Hydrostatic Pressure Hypertonic pressure Osmotic pressure Proximal pressure

__________What Would be a major difference between a Pidgin Language and a Creole? A. A Pidgin would always have more speakers than a Creole language. B. A Pidgin would have many more words and structure than a Creole. C. A Creole would be better structured and have multi-generation usage over time.

The female external genitalia includes all of the following except for the _____________. A. labia majora B. structures within the vestibule (e.g. external urethral orifice) C.mons pubis D. cervix E. labia minora

Which one of the following is the best definition of digestion? Uptake of nutrients across the wall of the digestive tract Movement of food through the digestive tract Breakdown of food to smaller components in the digestive tract Production of hormones and substances that travel to the lumen of the digestive tract

___________can be prevented with adequate exercise, fluid intake, and a high-fiber diet. Constipation Diarrhoea Dyspnoea None of the choices

Which of the following happens during the expulsion stage? During this stage, a strong uterine contraction lasting about 1 minute each will occur for every 2-3 minutes. The longest stage of labor that lasts for about 6 to 12 hours or even considerably longer. The cervix reaches the full dilation of about 10 cm. The delivery of the placenta usually happens within 15 minutes after the baby birth.

Where is urea produced in our body? Gall bladder Kidney Liver Stomach

Which of the following organs removes water, salts and urea by excreting sweat? Lungs Liver Heart Skin

How many organs of our body are involved in excretion? 3 two one

Which of the following does NOT cause bronchitis? Viruses like influenza A and B Bacteria Tobacco smoking Excessive activity

In females with hypogonadism, which of the following is NOT true? They have high levels of gonadotrophin. They have low levels of estrogen. They have normal levels of FSH. They have low levels of gonadotrophin.

To clean up dust particles, our nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi are lined with _______. epithelial cells squamous cells ciliated cells none of the choices

What will happen when you move your hand and leg? The muscles of the hand and the leg have to contract. Muscles act together in pairs. The partner muscle contracts, the first muscle relaxes again. All of the choices

Which of the following combine to form molecules? Organelle Tissue Organ Atom

The science of the study of tissue is called histology nephrology cytology neurology

Which of the following hormone determines the basal metabolic rate? Calcitonin Glucagon Thyroxine Cortisol

Histamine is released from the _______. red blood cells mast cells white blood cells macrophages

The _________ plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis. thalamus medulla thymus hypothalamus

Where will the blastocyst get implanted? Uterus Mesoderm Ectoderm Chorion