Anatomy and Physiology Questions

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation? keratin carotene hemoglobin melanin

In addition to dendritic cells and macrophages, B cells can also act as antigen-presenting cells. This occurs when the antigen is a molecule with a simple, repeating structure and evokes an immune response as a T-cell-independent antigen the antigen binds to the B cell and after processing, it is presented to the dendritic cells and macrophages the B cell engulfs the antigen and presents it to the T cytotoxic cell the B cell engulfs the antigen and presents it to the T helper cell

The visual blind spot is present because of the anatomy of the retina. It is the location on the retina where... where the optic nerve exits the retina where there are no blood vessels light is focused where the peripheral vision is strongest

Approximately 96% of the body's mass is composed of the elements A. C, H, O, N B. water and protein C. Na+, Ca++, K+, Cl- D. collagen and elastin

Colchicine is a drug that can prevent the formation of microtubules. Which is the most likely effect colchicine would have on cell division? It will arrest mitosis by preventing the formation of spindle microtubules. It would have little or no effect on mitosis. It would delay mitosis by preventing S phase. It will enhance mitosis by moving chromosome toward the spindle equator.

When considering the effects of norepinephrine, which of the following would account for the observed change in heart rate? (Please choose all answers that apply.) A reduction in the duration of the pacemaker potential Increased activation of beta 2 receptors Threshold is reached sooner Ca2+ channels are open longer An increase in K+ influx An increase in CAMP A reduction in Ca2+ permeability A decrease in phospholamban activity A decrease in CAMP A decrease in K+ efflux

For each of the drugs below, predict how it will affect heart rate and force of contraction. NE effect on heart rate: [Select] NE effect on force of contraction: [Select] ACh effect on heart rate: [Select] ACh effect on force of contraction: [Select] Caffeine effect on heart rate: Increase Caffeine effect on force of contraction: [Select] Atropine + ACh effect on heart rate: [Select] Atropine + ACh effect on force of contraction: [Select]

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information, you would predict that the cut has penetrated to the papillary layer but not the reticular layer the stratum basale but not the dermal layers the stratum corneum but not the stratum granulosum the subcutaneous layer, but no deeper

Respiratory failure can lead to a change in the color of the skin, which is more evident in light-skinned individuals. Which pigmentation factor is affecting this change? carotene folic acid melanin hemoglobin

Neuromuscular junctions are located between a motor nerve axon and muscle fibers. A single motor nerve axons will supply one or more muscle fibers thus forming a 1) motor unit 2) myofibril 3) myosin filament (myofilament) 4) sarcomere

Our sense of balance is provided primarily by the cochlea vestibular appratus retina middle ear

Which of the following names the three main parts of a human cell? mitochondria, lysosome, and centriole plasma membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus cytosol, nucleus, and membrane cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus

Remodeling a kitchen to add additional cabinets to existing ones also means adding extra support. In a similar respect, bone remodeling alters bone structure without adversely affecting bone strength. What divalent cation is required to create additional bone matrix support? chloride phosphate carbonate calcium

The amount of air always in the lungs 1. TLC 2. Functional Residual Capacity 3. Residual volume 4.TV

Select all of the characteristics below that apply to cardiac muscle. (more than one) 1) Cardiac musle cells are often branched. 2) Cardiac muscle is involuntary. 3) Cardiac muscle cells contain a single nucleus. 4) Cardiac muscle is striated. 5) Cardiac muscle contains intercalated discs.

Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material. True False

The primary muscle for inhalation has two distinct shapes depending on if its contracted or relaxed, which answer fits for this muscle? 1. Relaxed it is dome shaped and contracted its flat 2. It depends on how you are breathing 3. Relaxed it is flat and contracted it is dome 4. Shape of the muscle does not shaped change

Doing a urinalysis what substance would be present if your patient has diabetes Mellitus and they are in Fat metablism? l.blood II. Ketones III. White blood cells IV. High pH

Air flows into the lungs for gas exchange between which to organ systems? 1. Cardiovascular/blood and respiratory 2. Cardiac/blood and urinary 3. If gas went into your lungs you would die! 4. Respiratory and urinary

.What factors might contribute to employees voting to decertify a union?

The volume of air you move during quite restful breathing is called what? A. IRV B. Vital Capacity C. ERV D. Tidal Volume

Which cell type makes up most of the alevoli, with a main function of allowing gas exchange? 1. PSCE 2. Epithelial 3. Simple squamous 4. Simple

When you take in a deep breath past normal, what is this volume called? A.Inspiratory Reserve B. Expiratory reserve C. TV D. PVC

A 30-year-old patient undergoes a dental procedure, which results in abnormally prolonged bleeding. The presence of which other symptoms would lead a physician to diagnose her with von Willebrand disease? Select all that apply. A.Ischemia of the fingers and toes B. Bruising easily C. Bleeding from the nose, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract D. Dizziness, seizures, and vertigo E. Excessive menstrual blood loss

All of the following are upper respiratory system structures except a. The pharynx. b. The larynx. c. The trachea. d. The nasal cavity.

How do you measure residual volume since it's the air that does not leave the lungs? Select one or more: a. Body plethysmography: A person sits inside an airtight booth (plethysmograph) and breathes through a mouthpiece while pressure and air flow measurements are collected. b. This is not measure but calculated. c. None of the above d. A gas dilution test: this is where a person breathes from a container containing known amount of a gas (oxygen or helium). Then measure the change of gas in the container.

Please identify the proper anatomical term for each of the following definitions: ___________A horizontal (perpendicular to the long axis of the body) plane of section that divides the body into top and bottom parts.

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes_________ A. provide the melanocyte with nutrients necessary for melanin synthesis B. accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer C. maintain the appropriate pH in order for the melanocyte to synthesize melanin granules D. maintain the appropriate temperature so the product of the melanocyte will not denature

Which type of cell or cellular structure is not found in the epidermis? pain receptors dendritic cells keratinocytes melanocytes

Briefly explain the advantages and disadvantages of diversity in a department or organization.

Marie and Joan are the same height, but Marie weighs 25 pounds more than Joan. When they go hiking in cold weather, Joan needs two more layers of clothing than Marie to stay warm. Which of the following explains why? Marie has more subcutaneous fat, which is metabolized to provide warmth. Marie has more dermal blood vessels, which constrict to increase blood flow to the core. Marie has more subcutaneous fat, which insulates the body's core. Marie has a thicker epidermal layer, which insulates her body's core more efficiently.

Discuss contemporary American funerals. a. Describe two alternative to the funeral discussed in the text. b. Using course material and concepts to support your answer, discuss what it might mean to the future of American funerals when caskets can now be bought online at big box stores such as Costco?

Describe the differences between autocratic leaders and democratic leaders.

A student notices that the evening sky is usually red and wants to find out why. Which of the following would be the next step? He publishes an article on sky conditions. He starts to experiment to see how dust affects light rays. He thinks that dust in the sky makes the sky red so he comes up with a valid hypothesis. Other scientists confirm his experiment by repeating the tests.

In general, skin cancer is least likely to develop in which of the following locations? scalp forehead nose the back of the hand

Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? calcitonin thyroid hormones calcitriol parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient? A. respiratory disease that results in the blood being poorly oxygenated B. the presence of hematomas in the skin C. hypertension caused by excessive use of the medication D. Anemia

How many lobes of lung are there in the human (total L+R)? Answer is a single number

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs A. 1-2-4-3-5 B. 2-1-3-4-5 C. 2-1-4-3-5 D. 1-2-3-4-5

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein? oxygen transport circulating antibody forms a lipid bilayer molecular transport through the membrane

Phospholipids provide the cell-specific functions of the plasma membrane. True False

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them. True False

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called anatomy. developmental gross systemic microscopic

It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it. True False

Discuss the importance of learning about bereavement patterns in other cultures. Describe some of the manifest and latent functions of burial rites.

Sunshine laws define legally enforceable rights and duties, and what wrongful acts amount to violations of those rights and duties control the procedure followed by courts and parties to legal cases require that the official business of government be conducted in public cover any civil action between private parties arising from wrongful acts which amount to a breach of general obligations imposed by law and not by contract

Briefly explain why leadership is an art as well as a science.

During spirometry tests we look at a value or ratio between two measurments FEV1 and FVC (FEV1/FVC*100) if normal this number actording to lab book should be this number or greater

How are public employees provided the right of collective bargaining?

Compare bargaining unit determination in the public and private sectors.