Anatomy and Physiology Questions

30 Cardiac output equals to heart rate times stroke volume If a heart beats to fast increased heart rate why can cardiac output decrease

13 The splitting of the second heart sound increases when A breathing in inhalation B breathing out exhalation C systemic hypotension D only the first heart sound splits E none of the above 14 If the right anterior surface of the right ventricle became ischemic there would be some degree of blockage in the A right coronary artery B marginal branch artery C circumflex artery D posterior interventricular artery E anterior interventricular artery anterior descending 15 Starling Law of the Heart states that A Heart muscle cannot contract harder B Heart muscle will contract harder when you stretch it to certain extent C Heart rate in inversely proportional to blood pressure D Heart rate is directly proportional to blood pressure E None of the above 16 The pericardial cavity is surrounded by A A mucous membrane B cutaneous membrane C synovial membrane D tympanic membrane serous membrane

25 The cardiac parasympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter receptors are A Nicotinic B Muscarinic C Alpha D Beta E None of the above 26 When the left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta The pressure in the represents the preload and the pressure in the represents the afterload A Right atrium left atrium B Right ventricle pulmonary artery C Left ventricle pulmonary artery D Left ventricle aorta E None of the above 27 If a patient suffered left ventricular failure a good treatment could be to A Reduce left ventricular preload and give the patient a negative inotropic agent B Reduce the left ventricular afterload and give the patient a positive inotropic agent C Increase the right ventricular preload and give a negative inotropic agent D Increase the left ventricular afterload and give a negative inotropic

A EDV minus ESV B ESV minus EDV C EDV divided by ESV D ESV divided by EDV E None of the above 21 The ejection fraction is determined by A EDV minus ESV B ESV minus EDV C EDV divided by ESV D ESV divided by EDV E SV divided by EDV 22 The atria and ventricles both independently form syncytia due to A Increased amount of mitochondria B Gap junctions C Cardiac muscle branching D Small cardiac muscle cell sizes E Both B and C 23 The heart has considerable endurance because of A More myoglobin B Mainly uses fatty acids for metabolism over carbohydrates C Decreased amount of mitochondria D Large cardiac muscle cell sizes E Both A and B 24 The cardiac sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter receptors are A Nicotinic B Muscarinic

18 Tricuspid valve stenosis can directly lead to A Right atrial enlargement and jugular venous distention B Hyperplasia of the left ventricle C Hypertrophy of the left ventricle D Hypertrophy of the right ventricle 3 Biol 2402 Fall 2023 Heart Test Dr Clark Student Name Each multiple choice question is worth 2 5 points The essay is 35 points Total test 110 points E None of the above 19 Pulmonic artery stenosis can directly lead to mortrophy of the right atrium

11 The T wave on an EKG tracing represents A Atrial depolarization B Atrial systole C Ventricular Systole D Ventricular Depolarization E Ventricular repolarization 12 The second heart sound is in part due to A opening of the aortic valve B Closure of the mitral valve C Opening of the pulmonary valve D Closure of the pulmonary valve E None of the above

7 An example of a negative chronotropic agent is a A Beta blocker B Alpha blocker C Norepinephrine D Epinephrine E None of the above 8 An example of a positive inotropic agent is A calcium channel blocker B Beta blocker C Acetylcholine D Epinephrine E None of the above 9 The cardiac acceleratory center primarily functions using the A somatic nervous system B sympathetic nervous system C parasympathetic nervous system D pineal gland E None of the above 10 The P wave on an EKG tracing represents A Atrial depolarization B Atrial systole C Ventricular Systole

5 Which valve prevents backflow regurgitation of blood into the left atrium A aortic semilunar valve B pulmonary semilunar valve C tricuspid valve D Mitral valve 6 The heart s point of maximum impulse is generally found A at the second intercostal space at the right sternal border B at the 4th to 5th intercostal space at the left midclavicular line C at the second intercostal space at the left sternal border D directly under the sternum E at the 11th intercostal space

1 The location of the heart is A In the mediastinum between the second rib and fifth intercostal space B On the superior surface of the diaphragm C Anterior to the sternum posterior to the vertebral column D Both A and B 2 Pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the A Pulmonary arteries B Right atrium C Pulmonary veins D pulmonary capillary beds 3 Choose the most correct statement regarding the pathway of blood through the right side of the heart A Lungs pulmonary veins right atrium B Superior vena cava right atrium Tricuspid valve C Left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta D Right atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle 4 With a myocardial infarction there is are A Substernal chest pain caused sustained deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium B Prolonged coronary artery blockage C areas of cell cardiac cell death replaced by scar tissue

11 What happens when ATP binds to the myosin head 12 What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP P at the myosin head 13 What happens when the myosin head releases the P 14 What happens with the myosin head releases the ADP

6 What is the difference between contraction and relaxation of a muscle fiber 7 What is a power stroke a What is the signal for a power stroke What ends the power stroke b

Anatomy review compare and contrast the 3 types of muscles

During a b c d excitation contraction Where does the EPP go What is the DHP where is it and what does it do What is the RyR where is it and what does it do What happens to the calcium if the muscle is relaxing coupling and relaxation

8 What is myosin ATPase 9 During the muscle contraction what does calcium bind to 10 What is the rigor state

Know the following parts of the striations a I band b A band c Z disk d M line e H zone f Sarcom

What is the difference between the following parts of the myofibril a Actin b Myosin C Titin d Troponin e Tropomyosin f Nebulin

Know the functions of the various organelles found in the skeletal muscle fiber a Sarcolemma b Sarcoplasm c Sarcoplasmic reticulum d Cisterna e Transverse T tubule

An important function of the circulatory system is to regulate body temperature O a True Ob False

Have many nuclei Are up to 30cm long Lack a cell membrane Lack mitochondria Question 5 0 2 pts Which of the following displays the correct hierarchy of muscle tissue from largest to smallest Muscle muscle fiber fascicle myofibril O Muscle myofibril fascicle muscle fiber

O Calcium O Hydrogen O Sodium Potassium Question 7 Which muscle type is correctly matched with its characteristics O Skeletal voluntary non striated O Smooth involuntary striated 0

O Integumentary system Muscular system Skeletal system O Digestive system Question 3 D to aid in calcium absorption Indicate the movement that best describes each of the statements below Answers may be used more than once or not at all 2 Moving the thumb toward the fingers is Adduc Select Circumduction Extension 1 Bringing the lower leg toward the dorsal thigh is Flexion Hyperextension Abduction Adduction 0 3 pts 3 Reaching toward a person sitting in front of you involves Flexion at the knee first thumb joint at the

Where can osteogenic cells be found O Compact bone O Spongy bone Bone marrow Periosteum

Case Study 4 Roles for Calcium Blood calcium homeostasis and bone density Part A Markus has a vitamin D3 deficiency How might this affect Markus s blood calcium levels How might this affect Markus s bone density Explain Part B Markus s doctor performs a blood test The test results suggest that Markus has normal levels of calcium in is his blood despite his vitamin D3 deficiency What might account for Markus s normal blood calcium levels What does this suggest about Markus s bone density Part C Calcium is required for strong bones Yet when blood calcium levels fall we quickly remove calcium from bone matrix Thinking ahead to muscle contraction and neurophysiology why are we willing to sacrifice bone density to maintain blood calcium levels Hint Your answer should discuss why calcium is necessary for muscle function and neural communication

Case Study 3 Aging Bone Density Part A 45 year old Fabiola has been experiencing osteopenia for the last 15 years Therefore she regularly visits her doctor for bone mineral density BMD tests At her most recent visit Fabiola s doctor tells her that her osteopenia may develop into osteoporosis What causes osteopenia What causes osteoporosis What is the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis Part B Fabiola s doctor suggests hormone replacement therapy HRT to decrease Fabiola s risk of developing osteoporosis What is HRT How does HRT decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis Part C Fabiola s doctor explains that HRT is not for everyone it has potential side effects such as increased risk of breast cancer Because breast cancer runs in Fabiola s family she should also consider other alternatives Describe at least two other options that can help prevent osteoporosis Part D Fabiola asks her doctor if her husband should also consider preventative measures to decrease his likelihood of osteoporosis Fabiola s doctor suggests that her husband get a BMD test He also states that women are much more likely to develop osteoporosis than men Why is osteoporosis more common in aging cis women than aging cis men

Case Stuc Part A 6 year old Jos inherited a disorder that increases the activity of cells in his pituitary gland Therefore Jos experiences an overproduction of growth hormone GH before puberty What effect would you predict this will have on his height Explain Part B Russell enters puberty 5 years later than average age What effect would you predict this will have on his height Explain Part C Explain why adult cis women are on average shorter than adult cis men

Part A A race between two runners is often used as an analogy to describe the mechanism of endochondral ossification Review endochondral ossification In endochondral ossification who are the two runners Did each runner begin the race at the same time Who is in the lead How does the race end Part B What roles do osteoclasts and osteocytes play in endochondral ossification Part C 8 year old Sandra breaks her left leg in a car accident X rays indicate that her left femur is fractured at the epiphyseal plate The bone fracture eventually heals Years later Sandra begins to notice that her right leg is slightly longer than her left leg What might account for the difference in length between Sandra s two legs Explain Sandra s condition with respect to the race that you described in part A Part D 20 year old Sandra begins to worry about her lopsided legs She wonders if her right leg will continue to grow longer than her left Sandra consults a doctor who takes an x ray of each of her femurs After the x ray the doctor informs Sandra that she has reached full height she should expect no further difference in length between the two legs How did the doctor use the x rays to determine that Sandra had reached full height

Promotional tools List at least two different methods tools you will use to advertise your products and services Be specific For example if you want to use social media as an advertising took don t just say social media List the specific social media tools that will be using Explain why you chose these tools Yearly Marketing Budget Do an internet search for average advertising budget for your industry or company For example average advertising budget for a marijuana dispensary Or average advertising budget for a food truck It is OK to make up numbers for this section if you can t find anything Just use your best guess

answer The Taming of the Shrew was written by O William Shakespeare O Cole Porter O John Fletcher O Jonathan Swift

Which of the following would be the reason for modifying scenes in adaptations O The director may not like certain scenes in the play O The director wants to introduce his thoughts in the adaptation O The director makes changes to meet the expectations of the audience The director makes changes to make the play entertaining

Choose the correct answer In The Taming of the Shrew Bianca s suitor works as her Latin tutor In 10 Things I Hate About You he tutors her in O French O Greek O Spanish O Old English Complete Later Complete s

Choose the correct answer The popularity of John Fletcher s 1611 adaptation of The Taming of the Shrew suggests that O even then audiences wanted to see greater gender equality O Fletcher was a better writer than Shakespeare Fletcher s play was more humorous than Shakespeare s O Fletcher s play was more moving than Shakespeare s Complete later Complete R t

Question 5 Points 3 In Kiss Me Kate why is Fred dressed in Shakespearean attire while Lilli wears modern clothes None of the choices O In this adaptation the actors play actors and Lilli refuses to wear her costume O In this adaptation Fred s character is obsessed with Shakespeare O In this adaptation the actors play actors Fred is still in his costume but Lilli is dressed in modern clothes and ready to leave the building

the correct answer The story The Taming of the Shrew is set in O the Italian city of Padua O in Broadway O in New York City O in Las Vegas

The Taming of the Shrew was set in O Padua Italy Padua England California New York

Question 10 Points 1 Where was Dimmesdale s Scarlet letter embroidered OOn the robes O Over the heart O On the Bible O On the hat

Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter is categorized as which of the following genre O Dark romance O Romantic fiction O Autobiography O Creative nonfiction

What was the symbol that Hester had embroidered onto her dress O Scarlet letter A OA pink pearl O A rose blossom O A white bird

Question 3 Points 1 How does Hester earn a living Running a store O Healing other people O Her needlework O Selling woods

Read the following excerpt from The Scarlet Letter and answer the question Good Master Dimmesdale the responsibility of this woman s soul lies greatly with you It behooves you therefore to exhort her to repentance and to confession as a proof and consequence thereof The directness of this appeal drew the eyes of the whole crowd upon the Reverend Mr Dimmesdale a young clergyman who had come from one of the great English universities bringing all the learning of the age into our wild forest land What is the explicit information in the given excerpt 1 People identify that Dimmesdale is Hester s lover II People are unaware that Dimmesdale is Hester s lover III People expect a lot from Dimmesdale as he was a University graduate Oland II II and III Oland III O1 II and III Que R 5 9 1

Given an RER of 0 85 how many kcals are expended per liter of O consumption Enter an answer to two 2 decimal points e g x 12

Resting metabolic rate is higher than basal metabolic rate Select one O True O False

The respiratory quotient for fat is greater than that for carbohydrate Select one O True O False

RMR can be indirectly determined by measuring Select one O a ATP utilization O b Heat production O c 02 consumption O d Power output during the test

Resting metabolic rate can be used to Select one O a assess body composition O b estimate the amount of sleep an individual requires per day O c evaluate necessary energy intake energy baseline O d determine biological age

Read this excerpt from the Declaration of Independence In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury Which of these rhetorical devices is most clearly used here

What are the metabolism hormones from the thyroid a Which cells secrete them b Which mineral is required to synthesize them 9 How is it stered in the thyroid

Why was the winter spent at Valley Forge so important to the success of the Continental Army

3 How did Benjamin Franklin contribute to the American Revolution

Why is the Battle of Saratoga considered the turning point of the war

is true of figured bass Multiple Choice It is played only by a keyboard instrument It is strict and cannot be improvised It is used only in baroque music It is a type of musical shorthand that is written under or beside the bass line