Anatomy and Physiology Questions

QUESTION Which type of anemia is characterized by a reduced survival time of red blood cells ANSWER O OO O O Iron deficiency anemia Aplastic anemia Cobalamine deficiency Hemolytic anemia I DON T KNOW YET

Read the following quote knowledge and information lesson Copy Find Selection Look Up Leadership in telecommunications is also essential since we are now in the age of e commerce Michael Oxley Use your from the What do you think Michael Oxley means by the term e commerce Mail order telephones Order by phone catalogs Internet buying selling and trading

1 Embalming solution constituents are all EXCEPT a Ethanol b Phenol c Glycerine d Formalin

Part II Use the diagram at the right to answer the following questions In the diagram which of the macromolecules ingested by elk provides nitrogen What process is represented by dashed line A A Amino acids Glucose Glycerol and fatty acids What process is represented by dashed line B Energy production Of which of the 3 macromolecules would the elk s food mostly consist Carbohydrates Proteins Of which of the 3 macromolecules would a wolf s food mostly consist Triglycerides Amino acids Protein synthesis Food intake Complex carbohydrates Glucose B Energy production 8 Triglycerides anananan GOGOGO Glycogen storage in liver and skeletal muscle Glycerol and fatty acids Lipid synthesis and storage This diagram includes the breakdown of stored fat as a way to produce energy Based on all diagrams on this page when is this most likely to occur Explain using evidence from the data provided Brea of st wei

From the recorded lecture Why does healthcare cost so much in the later part of life Health Care Aging COSTS Lecture

1 What is your living wage based on your current circumstances click California and whatever county you live in then look at your situation https livingwage mit edu 2 How do you feel about the differences between the numbers 3 Look at the typical expenses and provide your thoughts on them

Write a message to your future self 5 and 50 years into the future Include 1 What important things or experiences not to forget because you are too busy 2 What life traps to avoid because you are too busy 3 What life goals would you want to have accomplished by now or at least be on the way to pursuing 4 Anything else to remind yourself not to forget because it has made you happy or brought joy to your life

From the recorded lecture What are interventions that help older adults Aging in Place longer beneficial to society Health Care Aging COSTS Lecture

Which part of the sample introduction is Section 2 A This is the hook that gets the audience s attention B This is the introduction of the author and title C This is the brief summary that recaps the plot D This is the thesis that identifies the literary devices and a theme or message

2 The gene for coat color in a species has three alleles The 8 allele codes for brown coloring The W allele codes for white coloring The B allele codes for black coloring Examine the illustration of the gene pool for a population of this species B W B B 8 B W W W W 8 B c How many copies of the B allele are present in the gene pool What is the frequency of the B allele Show your work 3 points I

Carries oxygen rich blood from lungs Major artery of the thigh Supplies blood to face tongue teeth and nasal cavity Major artery of upper arm 1 Brachial artery Femoral artery Pulmonary artery Internal carotid artery Pulmonary vein External carotid artery

The short term controls of blood pressure mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals primarily operate via all except O O O 5 Reflexes mediated by sympathetic fibers Reflexes mediated by baroreceptors Altering blood volume Chemoreceptors 0 1 point The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is Significant because resistance is directly proportional to blood vessel diameter Insignificant because vessel diameter does not vary The only factor that influences resistance Significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

3 1 5 points Match the following Major supply to cerebral cortex Gives rise to right common carotid and right subclavian artery Combine to become the basilar artery Branch of abdominal aorta that supplies liver stomach and spleen Supplies a lower limb 14 15 points Match the following Carries oxygen rich blood from lungs Major artery of upper arm Major artery of the thigh Brachiocephalic trunk Internal carotid artery Vertebral arteries External iliac artery Celiac trunk

Supplies a lower limb Major supply to cerebral cortex Branch of abdominal aorta that supplies liver stomach and spleen Gives rise to right common carotid and right subclavian artery Combine to become the basilar artery External iliac artery Brachiocephalic trunk Celiac trunk Vertebral arteries Internal carotid artery

Major artery of upper arm Supplies blood to face tongue teeth and nasal cavity Carries oxygen rich blood from lungs Major artery of the thigh 1 Internal carotid artery Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Brachial artery Femoral artery External carotid artery

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is The only factor that influences resistance Significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius Insignificant because vessel diameter does not vary Significant because resistance is directly proportional to blood vessel diameter 6 1 point Factors that aid venous return include all except 7 1 point Which of the following statements is correct 0000 Urinary output Pressure changes in the thorax Activity of skeletal muscles Venous valves 000 Hydrostatic pressure will drop as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed Hydrostatic pressure will rise as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed Hydrostatic pressure will remain constant throughout the capillary bed Osmotic pressure will be lower in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the 8 1 point The velocity and pressure of blood is slowest and lowest in the capillary beds Which of the following is not an accurate description of the I slow low pressure blood in the capillary beds Lower pressure reduces the chance of injury to delicate capillary vessels Lower pressure on the venous end of the capillary bed allows for greater reabsorption of fluid back to the plasma bed helps to increase pressure in the venous circulation

D 1 Decreasing osmotic pressure in capillaries and causing edema swelling in tissues Increasing blood volume and hydrostatic pressure in capillaries thereby increasing blood pressure Increasing hydrostatic pressure in capillaries and causing edema swelling in tissues Decreasing blood volume and osmotic pressure in capillaries thereby increasing blood pressure 1 point Which of the following would not be expected from taking a diuretic drug Lower plasma volume Increased heart rate Decreased blood pressure Increased urine output plasma would alter capillary exchange by 1 point Which of the following is least involved in pulmonary circulation Superior vena cava Right ventricle Pulmonary arteries and veins Left atrium 2 1 point A thrombus blood clot in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the Myocardium of the heart Left side of head and neck

1 point In reference to the Evolution of the Teddy Bear scientific article write out an in text citation for this paper according to the Biology Department s standards Hint You will need to write a sentence and support that sentence with the Teddy Bear paper using an in text citation at the end of the sentence

Following the Biology Department s standards for writing citations write the proper citation for the Evolution of the Teddy Bear article as it should appear in the literature cited section of a paper Pay attention to spelling capitalization spacing and punctuation

memories are memories that we don t know we know O Explicit Implicit Episodic

Please choose which synapse on the Fig 11 is excitatory and which one is inhibitory Explain your decision Give some examples of excitatory and inhibitory neuromediators Glutamate Nat Fig 11 Excitatory and inhibitory synapses GABA CH

C

PRACTICE IT LO 2 6 How do you assess for melanoma O Outline Roughness Pigment Circumference Altitude Symmetry Texture Shade Length Width

PRACTICE IT LO 2 3 Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream while O Neurotransmitters are secreted directly into the bloodstream Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to the surface of an organ or tissue O Exocrine glands secrete their products directly into the bloodstream Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to the surface of an organ or tissue Hormones are not secreted by glands at all but by individual cells throughout the body Submit answer

a b Merly bring gravz 8MP Merle Merly Secretion Secretory vesicle Golgi complex Nucleus Pinched off portion of cell is the secreti

PRACTICE IT LO 2 3 What is the purpose of glands in the body Glands are specialized structures made up of epithelial tissue that secrete substances for various functions Glands are specialized structures made up of nervous tissue that secrete substances for various functions Glands are structures made up of connective tissue that transport substances for various functions Glands are structures made up of muscle tissue that contract to secrete substances for various functions Glands are specialized structures made up of adipose tissue that store substances for various functions Submit answer

PRACTICE IT LO 2 1 2 2 Where is Connective Tissue located in the human body Connective tissue is only found in the brain O Connective tissue is not found in blood or lymph tissues Connective tissue supports other tissues and binds them together bone blood and lymph tissues Connective tissue is primarily responsible for the contraction of muscles Connective tissue is only found in bone tissue Connective tissue is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses Submit answer

PRACTICE IT Organic compounds are compounds that are highly flammable do not have any carbon atoms O are typically found in rocks and minerals contain carbon atoms with only a few exceptions are produced through nuclear reactions Submit answer

After reading this week s lecture concepts I was able to get a lot of great insight Out of all the theories one I can relate to the most is Ainsworth 1967 1982 Ainsworth explanation on patterns on secure attachment insecure anxious avoidant and insecure resistant is something I have seen all three of my nephews engage in multiple times with their mother For example my youngest nephew is 3 years old and as soon as my sister leaves for work he engages in emotional outbursts for long periods of time Many occasions my sister feels guilty for leaving therefore she returns as soon as she hears him cry for a while My nephew always runs back to her arms and has the biggest smile on his face as if he hasn t cried for twenty minutes straight This is an example of secure attachment My oldest nephew which is 6 years old has more of an anxious avoidant attachment In most cases when my sister leaves he pays no attention and is able to focus on preferred items however when

1 2 3 4 B Ligamentum venosum Hepatic vein 5678 5 6 Left portal vein Figure 11 10 in the textbook Liver Hepatic artery Caudate lobe liver Portal vein Falciform ligament Pancreas

III ANATOMY APPLICATION EXERCISE 2 Write two or three summary sentences on the physiology of the inferior vena cava Check your work against the physi ology section of the textbook What else can you add to your description 1 Label the IVC and its branches 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 Figure 10 2 in the textbook

5 Into which lobe of the liver does the middle hepatic vein empty a Right lobe b Left lobe c Caudate lobe d Quadrate lobe True False 6 The renal section is the most inferiorly located por tion of the IVC 7 The right gonadal vein empties into the IVC right 8 The left common iliac vein is longer than the 9 The hepatic veins decrease in diameter as they common iliac vein approach the IVC 10 Small moving echoes visualized in the lumen of the IVC are a normal finding

Week 7 Discussion Post A Discussion Board Posts 25 total As a measure of your participation you will write 200 word minimum res the readings as well as responding to at least one other post In these post to see concrete examples where you critically reflect on the readings This include citing specific photographs and photographers theoretical conne between different readings ideas themes and or the author s own argum refer to my separate guide on discussion posts for full details Posts are du Sunday 6pm almost every week There will not be an opportunity to post deadline so make sure you enter the due dates into your calendar now so don t miss them Keep in mind that our reading assignments will cover sim dentical material to the weekly lectures I have scheduled the readings so Foreshadow the content we cover in lecture that day so it is essential you eadings prior to the lecture this form of assessment is designed to get y engage with lecture content in a meaningful way Weekly readings are list ourse schedule for the weeks they are due Q Search entries or author Unread ROOTS OF PICTORIALISM SYMBOLISM By the 1880s public fascination with photographic reality was losing some of its luster as hordes of snap shooters could now make their own photographs People were questioning the previously semi magical position of professional photogra phers and the level of intelligence sensitivity and skill required to make pho tographs The photographer s status as a shaman had suffered a body blow The professional portrait business declined as amateurs made more photographs of people The photography studios needed something to restore their authority and their business In response organizations such as the Photographers Association of America formed 1880 to reach out beyond the chemistry optics art and me chanics of our art science and take hold of the morals of the craft In particular they wanted to encourage all in the profession to respect themselves more and the public to honor us in a larger degree than they have Schools like the Chica go College of Photography 1881 validated a photographer s skills by offering cer tificate courses in photography A graduate would presumably possess the art character and tone of a knowledgeable professional and thus command a high er money value for his work 2 und with claims of the omnipotence of scientific ob

k 7 Discussion Post A ssion Board Posts 25 total measure of your participation you will write 200 word minimum nses to the readings as well as responding to at least one other In these posts I want to see concrete examples where you ally reflect on the readings This can include citing specific graphs and photographers theoretical connections between ent readings ideas themes and or the author s own argument e refer to my separate guide on discussion posts for full details PETER HENRY EMERSON Coming Home from the Marshes 1886 778 11 7 16 inches Platinum print To situate his subjects within their environment Emerson often made views that incorporated the foreground Visually he presented the ele mental forces of nature as all encompassing while simultaneously leading the viewer to the main figures of the composition COURTESY The J Paul Getty Museum Los Angeles In his highly didactic Naturalistic Photography for Students of the Art 1889 Emerson counseled developing negatives the day they were taken while the experience was still fresh and scorned the hand held

The categories are based on the child s behaviors when the child and mother are alone when the mother leaves when a stranger offers comfort and when the mother returns Secure attachment when mother is present the child plays comfortably The child becomes visibly upset when mothers leave and not likely to be consoled by stranger When mother reappears the child climbs in her arms calms down Insecure anxious avoidant the child is indifferent when mother is in the room they may or may not cry when mothers leave strangers can comfort When mother reappears the child may look away from her Insecure anxious resistant they stay close to the mother they become upset when she leaves and are not comforted when she returns They resist her efforts to console them They keep a wary eye on her Fourth category disorganized Some children cry loudly while climbing into mother s lap when she returns others refuse to look at her others scream when mother leaves but move away from her when she returns some children seem dazed in mother s presence Attachment to Fathers Ivaries with cultures Paternal involvement is increasing The specifics of family relationships play an important role in determining infant father attachment

2 Describe 3 distinct lines of evidence that support endosymbiotic theory Make sure to describe how these lines of evidence support the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Penicillin is an antibiotic that targets the synthesis of peptidoglycan the substance that forms prokaryotic cell walls This antibiotic is much less effective against gram negative bacteria than gram positive bacteria however this is NOT due to the differences between gram negative and gram positive cell wall structure Describe specifically what structure s in gram negative bacteria make them more tolerant to penicillin and describe how these structures function to make penicillin less potent

3 In 1926 scientists Wallin and Mereschkowski believed they was able to isolate and grow mitochondria on a nutrient agar outside of a eukaryotic cell Describe why the growth they observed was unlikely to be mitochondrial Hint Mitochondria have their own separate chromosomes Remember what we discussed about the chromosomes of organisms that have long term obligate relationships with their hosts

Throughout the 1960s 1980s Lynn Margulis provided more and more evidence to cement endosymbiosis as a scientific theory Describe endosymbiotic theory in your own words What does this theory propose is true about mitochondria and chloroplasts

PRACTICE IT Which of the following stages of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm Electron transport chain O Pyruvate oxidation O Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Submit answer

PRACTICE IT Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms with only a few exceptions O are typically found in rocks and minerals O are highly flammable are produced through nuclear reactions O do not have any carbon atoms Submit answer

PRACTICE IT pH is a measure of O concentration of sodium and potassium ions in a solution O concentration of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in a solution O concentration of carbon dioxide in a solution O concentration of oxygen and nitrogen ions in a solution O the number of protons in a solution Submit answer

What is homeostasis The regulation of external environmental factors by an organism The process of breaking down food into energy The ability of an organism to reproduce asexually The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body The ability of an organism to change its physical appearance in response to its environme

What is a cofactor Multiple Choice O O Molecule produced as a result of a metabolic pathway Nonprotein molecule that must combine with some enzymes in order for them to become active An organic molecule containing high energy phosphate groups A type of rate limiting enzyme

Description Waste product of energy releasing metabolic reactions Medium for transporting chemical substances Source of electrolytes Important in regulation of body temperature Necessary reactant for energy releasing metabolic reactions Inorganic Compound Click to select Click to select Carbon dioxide Glucose Nitric oxide Oxygen Salt

issumpt Euro Americans simply have not yet moved in or taken over but in evitably they will It is all part of a process the first stage if you will of inexorable conquest Borderlands are therefore spaces created by Europeans and Euro Americans as they seek explore or expand into lands without borders Borderlands appear where independent explorers frontiersmen and coureurs de bois launch themselves into the woods in the process forging new paths for others surveyors settlers and armies to follow eventu ally Or they develop where missionaries licensed traders and presidial soldiers move as representatives of church state or mercantile institutions at the forefront of official colonial projects As Jeremy Adelman and Steve Aron outline borderlands exist prior to European or Euro American ability to claim draw and defend real imperial or national borders The meeting of peoples creates frontiers and the meeting of empires creates borderlands in their model Most important the only empires are European and borders come into being only with European and Euro American sovereignty The problem here is that such an equation not only denies the existence of Indian borders but also credits the boundaries claimed by European empires and the United States with undue clarity Meanwhile whether intentionally or not the maps in our textbooks contribute to an image of the Americas as a big blank with no political divisions until Europeans and rival imperial colonizers arrive and begin to draw lines divvying up the continent When textbooks start with the obligatory section on pre Columbian America they feature maps that detail geographical divisions Eastern Woodlands Northwest Coast Great Plains Great Basin Southwest Subarctic Arctic or subsistence zones agriculture hunting hunting gathering and fishing Or the maps detail the zones of different language families Iroquoian Muskogean Siouan Uto Aztecan Athabaskan Salishan Eskimo Aleut Algic If and when the names of Indian peoples never nations appear in textbook maps they float free of borders hovering above the landscape with no defined boundaries to recognize the divisions of their territories Thus textbooks implicitly and explicitly tell our students that Indians had cul tural economic and language zones of variation but they had no named settlements or towns no charted roads or highways no territorial markers

implicit to the idea of borderlands and frontiers is the assumption that Euro Americans simply have not yet moved in or taken over but in evitably they will It is all part of a process the first stage if you will of inexorable conquest Borderlands are therefore spaces created by Europeans and Euro Americans as they seek explore or expand into lands without borders Borderlands appear where independent explorers frontiersmen and coureurs de bois launch themselves into the woods in the process forging new paths for others surveyors settlers and armies to follow eventu ally Or they develop where missionaries licensed traders and presidial soldiers move as representatives of church state or mercantile institutions at the forefront of official colonial projects As Jeremy Adelman and Steve Aron outline borderlands exist prior to European or Euro American ability to claim draw and defend real imperial or national borders The meeting of peoples creates frontiers and the meeting of empires creates borderlands in their model Most important the only empires are European and borders come into being only with European and Euro American sovereignty The problem here is that such an equation not only denies the existence of Indian borders but also credits the boundaries claimed by European empires and the United States with undue clarity Meanwhile whether intentionally or not the maps in our textbooks contribute to an image of the Americas as a big blank with no political divisions until Europeans and rival imperial colonizers arrive and begin to draw lines divvying up the continent When textbooks start with the obligatory section on pre Columbian America they feature maps that detail geographical divisions Eastern Woodlands Northwest Coast Great Plains Great Basin Southwest Subarctic Arctic or subsistence zones agriculture hunting hunting gathering and fishing Or the maps detail the zones of different language families Iroquoian Muskogean Siouan Uto Aztecan Athabaskan Salishan Eskimo Aleut Algic If and when the names of Indian peoples never nations appear in textbook maps they float free of borders hovering above the landscape with no defined boundaries to recognize the divisions of their territories Thus textbooks implicitly and explicitly tell our students that Indians had cul tural economic and language zones of variation but they had no named settlements or towns no charted roads or highways no territorial markers

A further experiment was conducted to test whether predators could be attracted by the smell of frass Artificial shekers similar to those of the caterpillars were placed with either 6 frass pellets or 6 bends designed to look like frass Predator wasps were introduced to the containers Each wasp had to individually choose between a larva in a shelter with its frass and a larva in a shelter with pellets to visually imitate the frass but not the small The percentage of time spent by each wesp at each container was recorded 100 Percentage 50 Time Visits 4 What CLAIM can be made from the collected data The frass shelter had time more than visits and the bread shelter had more visits than time 5 What is the independent variable Bead Sholter Frans Shelter Time What is the dependent variable Visits 6 Summarize the EVIDENCE that supports the claim 7 Consider both data sets Answer the experimental question and use REASONING in the analysis with regard to the behavior of flinging frass 8 Extension Another hypothesis suggests that frass flinging occurs because waste reduces overall fitness and health of the larvae Describe data that would need to be collected to confirm this hypothesis

This essay collection rests on the straightforward premise that American Indians are crucial to the teaching of U S history Yet some might ask Why Indians The clearest response is that North America was not a new world in 1492 but a very old one with a history far lengthier than what has come since More specifically at the time of European invasion there was no part of North America that was not claimed and ruled by sovereign Indian regimes The Europeans whose descendants would cre ate the United States did not come to an unsettled wilderness they grafted their colonies and settlements onto long existent Indian homelands that constituted the entire continent We cannot understand European and Anglo American colonial worlds unless we understand the Native worlds from which they took their shape It seems an odd realization that in teaching American history we discuss Indian sovereignty and bordered domains primarily in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries when they were most under assault by U S policies that sought to dispossess Indian nations of land and disenfranchise them of their power Thus we tend to talk about Indian sovereignty in negative terms as something they were always in the process of losing over the course of U S history Yet we need to address sovereignty in positive terms because we cannot begin to understand how Euro American colonialism wore away at it unless we first know how Indians exercised power over the land and vis vis their Native and European neighbors Thus we must begin by acknowledging the fundamental essence of Indian sovereignty the power a nation exerts within unambiguous bor ders More specifically we must recognize how Indians understood territory and boundaries how they extended power over geographic space and how their practices of claiming marking and understanding territory differed not only from Europeans but also from each other s In my own research if one compares the border marking of hunter gatherers sedentary agriculturalists and mounted hunters and raiders in the region the couthern plains one finds that residency

2 Count the number of breaths taken in 1 minute Note the depth of breathing at one of three levels Record the data in TABLE 21 8 Table 21 8 Factors Affecting Rate and Depth of Breathing Test Factor Normal breathing Breath holding Rebreathing air Breathing Rate breaths minute Breathing Depth