Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers

in tent you have studied so far Question 6 Infection with Helicobacter pylori can increase the risk of Influenza Stomach cancer O Lung cancer 1 pts

ntent you have Question 7 Advances in Al and imaging technology aim to enhance the accuracy of Mammogram and colonoscopy Ultrasounds Skin examinations 1 p

ntent you D Question 4 Which procedure used to perform a biopsy involves using a needle attached to a suction device to remove a small piece of tissue from the tumor O surgery aspiration 1 pts needle

Question 1 Determining the degree of abnormality of the neoplasm is known as what measuring O grading

Which method is commonly used to screen for breast cancer Blood test O Colonoscopy 1 pts

Question 4 When is radiation generally used as a cancer treatment on rapidly growing metastatic neoplasms on tumors that are not surgically accessible 8888 when the tumor can be completely removed prior to surgery 1 pts

What item previously used in roofing and insulating materials has been found to cause lung cancer arsenic naphthylamine asbestos 1 pts

Fats are only found in animal sources There are no plant based edible fat sources True False

Carbohydrates sources include Bread Pasta Rice Potatoes All of these food items are carb sources

The information in our content is focused on three primary micro nutrients which will be necessary for healthy meal planning True False

atch the purpose of the 3 primary macro nutrients build and repair tissue store energy insulate and protect organs provide energy needed for 1 Fats 2 Carbohydrates 3 Proteins

Mark all statements that are TRUE a The two phases of the cell cycle are interphase and mitosis b Mitosis is specifically the division of one nucleus into two nuclei c DNA is replicated during R phase of interphase d Of the four phases of mitosis the longest one is metaphase when the cell lines up all of the sister chromatids in the middle of the cell

Which direction will a small lipid soluble molecule move across the plasma membrane These types of molecules can pass freely through the plasma membrane both directions from high concentration to low concentration from low concentration to high concentration

a If the ion concentration increases or decreases how will that dictate the direction water flows

12 What substance is responsible for the decrease in surface tension of the watery fluid at the surface of the alveoli Mucous Surfactant Epinephrine Oxygen Carbon Dioxide 13 A by product of nucleic acid metabolism found in urine is O Uric acid O Urea Ammonia O Water

2 Breathing can be voluntarily controlled by O Smooth Muscle Fibers of the Lungs O Cardiac Muscle of the Heart Skeletal Muscle of the Thorax O Skeletal Muscle of the Limbs O Neurotransmitters of the Pons

38 What is the hardest substance in the body Calcium O Salt lons O Enamel Fibrin

77 The structure responsible for filtering and warming air when we breath is the O Pharynx O Larynx O Windpipe Nasal Cavity O Epiglottis 78 What are the name of the structures in the renal cortex responsible for filtration of blood ONeurons O Nephrons O Loops of Henle O Trigone 79 There are two ureters attached to each kidney O True O False

73 Water loss that occurs through respiration occurs due to Osmotic Pressure O Diffusion O Evaporation O Hydrostatic Pressure O None of the above 74 The cecum is pouch like in shape O True O False 75 Renal clearance can determine how quickly a medication is metabolized in the body O True O False 76 Both electrolytes and water is equally distributed throughout the body O True

3 What is protein specificity a How does this apply to signal molecules on cell membranes b How can the cell be prevented from reacting to signal molecules

i How is the lumen of the alimentary canal or renal tubule classified b What are the 3 fluid compartments of the body

Read this passage and continue to the question that follows What s that humming sound Could it be hummingbird the only bird capable of backward flight Hummingbirds have many unique flight habits that distinguish them from other birds Most birds flap their wings up and down to fly but the hummingbird moves its wings forward and backward very rapidly in a figure eight pattern This allows the hummingbird to hover in position fly upside down and move about very rapidly And while other birds have to push off with their feet to begin flying and work their ways up to their top speeds the hummingbird can both start flying at maximum speed and stop flying instantaneously After you ve seen a hummingbird in flight it s unlikely that you ll mistake them for another bird What would be a suitable title for this passage OBirds O A Unique Creature the Hummingbird OBirds that Fly 2 29 33

Read about controlled hypothermia on page 18 in your textbook Summarize wha you learned explaining why this is useful and also addressing how this contradicts the body constantly maintaining homeostasis Your summary should be 3 5 sentences Submit to Canvas share in an e mail or turn in on paper

Figure 18 Extreme Heat Humans adapt to some degree to repeated exposure to high temperatures credit McKay Savage flickr The body can also respond effectively to short term exposure to cold One response to cold is shivering which is random muscle movement that generates heat Another response is increased breakdown of stored energy to generate heat When that energy reserve is depleted however and the core temperature begins to drop significantly red blood cells will lose their ability to give up oxygen denying the brain of this critical component of ATP production This lack of oxygen can cause confusion lethargy and eventually loss of consciousness and death The body responds to cold by reducing blood circulation to the extremities the hands and feet in order to prevent blood from cooling there and so that the body s core can stay warm Even when core body temperature remains stable however tissues exposed to severe cold especially the fingers and toes can develop frostbite when blood flow to the extremities has been much reduced This form of tissue damage can be permanent and lead to gangrene requiring amputation of the affected region Everyday CONNECTION Controlled Hypothermia As you have learned the body continuously engages in coordinated physiological processes to maintain a stable temperature In some cases however overriding this system can be useful or even life saving Hypothermia is the clinical term for an abnormally low body temperature hypo below or under Controlled hypothermia is clinically induced hypothermia performed in order to reduce the metabolic rate of an organ or of a person s entire body Controlled hypothermia often is used for example during open heart surgery because it decreases the metabolic needs of the brain heart and other organs reducing the risk of damage to them When controlled hypothermia is used clinically the patient is given medication to prevent shivering The body is then cooled to 25 32 C 79 89 F The heart is stopped and an external heart lung pump maintains circulation to the patient s body The heart is cooled further and is maintained at a temperature below 15 C 60 F for the duration of the surgery This very cold temperature helps the heart muscle to tolerate its lack of blood supply during the surgery Some emergency department physicians use controlled hypothermia to reduce damage to the heart in patients who have suffered a cardiac arrest In the emergency department the physician induces coma and lowers the patient s body temperature to approximately 91 degrees This condition which is maintained for 24 hours slows the patient s metabolic rate Because the patient s organs require less blood to function the heart s workload is reduced Narrow Range of Atmospheric Pressure Pressure is a force exerted by a substance that is in contact with another substance Atmospheric pressure is pressure This OpenStax book is available for free at tmptions org contentcl11496 1 Chapter 11 An Introduction to the Human Body 19 exerted by the mixture of gases primarily nitrogen and oxygen in the Earth s atmosphere Although you may not perceive it atmospheric pressure is constantly pressing down on your body This pressure keeps gases within your body such as the

11 What do the beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete a What are the functions of that secretion b Is it dominant during a fed or fasted state 12 What do the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete a What are the functions of that secretion b Is it dominant during a fed or fasted state Wb

1 What hormone makes you feel hungry a Where does it come from 2 What hormone is released that makes you feel full satiated a Where does it come from 3 How is energy stored in the body

17 What is hypersecretion a How will the negative feedback affect the gland 18 What is hyposecretion a How will the absence of negative feedback affect the production of trophic hormon

Please use chapter 2 to answer the below question in detail to receive full credit for this discussion 1 Are there other virtues you think important for a counselor to demonstrate 2 Which aspect of the codes of ethics seem most definitive to you Why 3 How would you determine which colleagues to

11 What are the 4 categories of membrane receptors

After the ratification of the Equal Rights Bill by the state of Virginia why hasn t it become a Constitutional amendment O Accusations of cheating O Virginia missed the June 1982 deadline by 38 years to ratify the bill O Congress changed their mind about passing the bill O Congress has been too busy with more important things

4 1 U10 The supply of inorganic nutrients is maintained by nutrient recycling State that chemical elements can be recycled but energy can not Outline the generalized flow of nutrients between the abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem 4 3 A1 Estimation of carbon fluxes due to processes in the carbon cycle List flux processes in the carbon cycle State the unit of measure for carbon flux values 4 3 U3 Carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs State that in diffusion molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Outline the role of diffusion in the carbon cycle 4 3 U1 Autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds otocunthoris in the carbon cycle

1 Measure the distances of the bands of the MW ladder from the wells to the middle of the bands 2 Plot a standard curve by distance traveled through the gel versus log bp and use the equation that determines how distance traveled y varies with log bp x 3 Measure the distances of the bands produced by each restriction enzyme experiment 4 Use the standard curve equation to determine the size of the fragments for each lane This is achieved by submitting the migration distance of your samples as the y variable in the equation you generated in step 2 Solving for x provides the MW of your samples GeneRuler 1 kb Plus DNA Ladder ready to use bp 20000 10000 7000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 700 500 400 75

1 Gather the gel electrophoresis apparatus including the gel tray and power supply Make sure the gaskets are secured within the grooves found at each end of the gel tray and place perpendicular into the gel electrophoresis box 2 Prepare 60 mL 1 5 agarose gel in 1x TBE in an Erlenmeyer flash Heat in the microwave at 30 sec intervals until boiling and the agarose is completely dissolved 3 When the solution is cool enough to touch comfortably add GelStar 1 L GelStar per 10 mL of agarose solution Pour the mixture into the gel tray and insert the well comb 4 When gel has solidified remove the comb and align gel tray to be parallel with the gel box making sure that the wells are closest to the black electrodes Fill the gel cast with 1x TBE until the buffer completely covers the gel 5 Ask your TA to load 3 L of GeneRuler 1kb Plus DNA digest Ladder onto the first lane 6 Load the entirety of each sample 25 L onto the gel BE SURE TO WRITE DOWN THE ORDER IN WHICH YOU LOADED YOUR SAMPLES in your notebook 7 Run the gel at 70V for approximately 20 30 minutes and then increase to 90V for 30 40 minutes or until bands have migrated down three fourths of the gel 8 Remove gel from between the caster carefully to a weight boat with TBE from the gel apparatus Give your gel to your TA to transfer the gel to the UVP analyzer to view under UV light DO NOT LOOK AT THE UV LIGHT Print one image of the gel under UV light and save the image to a USB flash drive

9 What are lipophobic signals Also discussed in chapter 5 a Where would you find the receptors 10 What is the biggest advantage of the membrane receptor over the cytoplasmic nuclear receptors

is endocytosis a How is it different from phagocytosis What is receptor mediated endocytosis c What is clathrin b 50 What is exocytosis a Which molecule is usually required

2 Know the mechanisms of the following membrane transports a Diffusion i How does diffusion across cell membranes differ between lipids carbohydrates and proteins b Facilitated diffusion c d i How is facilitated diffusion different than diffusion Active transport i What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport Vesicular transport i Types ii Active or passive and hyp

What topic in economics seem intriguing to you

True False Question 2 The epidemiologic and clinical descriptions of a disease are different Truc False Question 3 A natural experiment is when investigators randomize study participants to different exposure tromes between groups

How many carbons are found in a fatty acid a 4 b 12 Oc 20 O d it depends between 4 and 20

How long does a molecule of ATP last inside a cell Oa 60 seconds O b 5 minutes Oc 2 hours d 1 day

Turn to Table 2 3 Organic Compounds for a review of Module 2 5 What type of sugar is glucose a monosaccharide 1 sugar a disaccharide 2 sugars connected together a polysaccharide many sugars connected

Listen A nucleotide has three parts the nitrogenous base a pentose sugar and a phosphate group When we look at DNA the code has A G C and T symbols What does the letter A G C or T tell you This is illustrated in Figure 2 24 a which type of nitrogenous base is in that nucleotide b which type of pentose sugar is in that nucleotide c which type of phosphate group is in that nucleotide

To make a protein you must join together at least 50 O amino acids nucleic acids carbohydrates lipids

0 23 26 18 21 NE 1 Listen Steroids are lipid compounds that your body makes from a cholesterol b glucose Oc phospholipids d starch

1 17 M 20 21 23 H 26 18 24 nformation Match each carbohydrate with the correct description sugar in dairy products made of glucose galactose DOOD a monomer sugar found in fruit large polysaccharide found in plants a monomer sugar found in your blood blood sugar table sugar a dimer made of glucose fructose your body stores extra sugars in the liver by making this 1 fructose 2 glucose 3 sucrose 4 lactose 5 glycogen 6 starch

membrane How will that affect tonicity and osmolarity

content you have studied so far Question 1 Which of the following is the main purpose of palliative care O extend life O prevent future cancers primary intention of the quiz is to evaluate your grasp of the to cure cancer 1 pts

D Question 1 Which of the following is the main purpose of palliative care O extend life O prevent future cancers O to cure cancer O lessen pain 1 pts

D Question 9 At what stage of life do degenerative diseases like Alzheimer s become more prevalent Elderly Adulthood O Infancy Childhood 1 pts

Question 8 Which environmental factor is crucial in preventing many water borne diseases Reduced noise pollution O Green spaces O Clean air Clean Water 1 pts