General Anatomy Questions and Answers

List the major digestive end products absorbed by each of the following: a. Stomach b. Small intestine c. Large intestine

Is the process of emulsification an enzymatic activity? If not, how does emulsification occur?

Does pepsin contribute significantly to the digestion of protein in the chyme after it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine? Why or why not?.

An organism having fimbriae has the advantage over one that lacks fimbriae because it can move actively it can obtain nutrients from beef broth it can be stained easily it can attach to specific surfaces

which staining is used for Mycobacterium, which have unique lipids such as waxy mycolic acid in their cell walls?" gram staining acid fast staining simple staining negative staining capsular kitaining

Good control of diseases spread by fecal contamination of food or water is best achieved vaccination of the majority of the population improved sanitation sewers and water purification vector control prompt tracing of sexual contacts of those infected

An eukaryotic microbial gene always encodes a protein product (i.e lack introns) True False

Give the best match for each of these scientist's most famous discovery? Ignaz Semmelweis John Snow Louis Pasteur Joseph Lister A. Washing hands with chlorine water B.. tracing origin of disease outbreak C. pasteurizing milk D. Disinfecting surgery sites

In the preparation of human DNA fragments for making recombinant DNA, the first step is to use a(an) ___ to cut the fragment from a chromosome figase (glue enzyme) restriction endonuclease (scissors enzyme) DNA polymerase (replication enzyme) all of these

nebiotics are generally not of much value in the treatment of botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum since the infected person is intoxicated rather than infected True False

How do all these folds increase the surface area and the absorption capacity of the small intestine? Observe the slide of the small intestine on display and draw a few representative villi, columnar epithelial cells on the villi and goblet cells and label them (Fig. 8). Goblet cells are glandular simple columnar epithelial cells whose sole function is to secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form mucus.

An antimicrobial agent that can be used as an antifungal drug because of its ability to bind to sterols in the membrane and change membrane fluidity is streptomycin tifampin amphotericin penicillin none of these Wake Up

Spirochetes have appendages called axial filaments that they utilize for attachment to surfaces locomation axial filaments conjugation protection

e. Final breakdown and absorption of food: Completion of the breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients happen in the small intestine. Based on all the labs that you have done so far, what will a cell need a lot of to absorb monomers fast into the cells?...............

Explain why the first step of lipid digestion is known as a physical breakdown.

An antibiotic that disrupts the hosts normal biota can cause superinfection True False

Dysentery is most commonly contracted through Fecal oral route from contaminated food or water Direct transmission from one host to another Insect bites all of these

Which of the followimg is a protective feature of the skin? Keratinized surface Non-Resident biota Low salt content High pH

"Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench top, on the shelf of a 37° C incubator and on the shelf of a 65° C incubator. After incubation, there was no growth at refrigeration and slight growth on the bench top and at 65° and abundant growth at at 37° C. What term could be used for this species?" Psychrophiles Mesophiles Thermophiles Acidophiles

"When bacteria are cultivated in the presence of an antibiotic and a resistant clone arises, the ___ selected for a cell carrying a ___ conferring antibiotic resistance bacteria; mutation antibiotic; mutation mutation; bacteria mutation; antibiotic

An antibiotic that can be effective against gram positive and negative species is likely to be: narrow spectrum natural broad spectrum competitive inhibitor

Which of the following has an oligodynamic property? Phenol silver amalgam hydrogen peroxide ethyl alcohol

Match the following microbial organelles/macromolecules with appropriate examples of antibiotics targeting synthesis of that organelie/macromolecule DNA synthesis RNA synthesis cell wall protein synthesis & Moving to another question will save A. amoxillin B. doxycline C. ciprofloxacin D. rifampin

Chagas disease is most commonly contracted through Fecal oral route from contaminated food or water Direct transmission from one host to another Puncture wounds Insect bites

The predominant microorganism in the female reproductive tract during childbearing years is Corynebacterium Staphylococcus Lactobacillus E. coli Candida albicans

Large foreign molecules that are too big by themselves to elicit an immune response may be attached to a host macromolecule to generate an antigenic response True False

John inoculated about 10 cells into a broth media. Assuming a generation time of 20 minutes, estimate the number of cells after 4 hours and 20 minutes" 10240 327680 163840 655360 81920

Hematocrit is usually about ________ %. 45 55 15 95

An increase in the numbers of red blood cells that makes the blood too viscous is polycythemia. hemorrhagic anemia. pernicious anemia. hemolytic anemia.

Which type of white blood cell is the first to respond to an infection? Basophil Neutrophil Monocyte Eosinophil

is a blood disorder caused by the lack of vitamin B-12. Pernicious anemia Hemolytic anemia Sickle-cell disease Polycythemia

Which of the following situations creates edema? a negative net filtration pressure (NFP) an increase in the colloid osmotic pressure a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. the closure of the epiglottis. a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. the expansion of the rib cage. the contraction of the diaphragm.

As a person goes from rest to full-effort exercise, there is an increase in the residual volume. tidal volume. total lung capacity. Ovital capacity. All of the above would be different.

Radiation beams can be aimed from outside the body, to come together at the location of a tumor. This does damage to the tumor's A. walls B. fibers C. DNA

If you owned a successful business which consistently produced at maximum production, which of the following would best help you expand your production? a) Allow workers to work overtime. b) Procure more factors of production, c) Buy more land in which to build more production facilities. d) Apply for a loan to buy more land.

Antidiuretic hormone a) is secreted in response to dehydration b)induces fusion of aquaporin containing vesicles with the plasma membrane c)All of the choices are correct. d)stimulates water reabsorption by the kidney

Secondary structure (level 2) of a protein is defined by a)alpha helices or pleated sheet, hydrogen bonds between nearby amino acids b)chain of amino acids c)hydrophobic amino acids d)fully folded 3D structure of a protein - determined by R group interactions across the entire protein.

The reaction in which the glucose forms into glycogen requires a)The process of splitting of water b) The process of hydrolysis c)The process of glycolysis d)The process of dehydration synthesis

In osmosis, water will pass the lipid layer towards where A) There is high concentration of solute B)There is an equal concentration of solute C) There is blood D)There is low concentration of solute

Ms. Pratt is claiming that Mr. Jacobs is the father of her child. Ms. Pratt's blood type is O negative. Her baby boy has type A positive blood. Mr. Jacobs blood is typed and found to be B positive. a). Could he be the father of her child? b). If so, how do you know? c). If not, what blood type(s) would the father be expected to have?

You hear someone say: 'The brain likes to use hierarchical processing. Frequently, it figures out simple things first, and those simple things get combined into more complicated things, and even more complicated things, as information gets further and further from sensory areas." In terms of the visual system, that person is more or less: a)correct b)incorrect

36) ..........within the larynx, keeps food out of the vocal cords. 37) ...........on top of the larynx, keeps food out of the larynx. 38) ............the only external structure that is considered part of the respiratory system. 39) .........contain the vocal cords. 40) ...........also called the throat. 41) ............used in swallowing and holding breath; not useful for sound production.

Remember the eye blink classical conditioning scenario we discussed in class, where a tone was paired with a puff? This type of learning would strengthen synapses in the brain. Where would these synapses be most likely to occur? A) reciprocal connections between the tone-hearing and eye-puff-detecting detecting neurons. B) where neurons activated during tone hearing and neurons activated by air puff-sensing project their axons on neurons that cause blinking. C) only within the tone-hearing neurons. D) only within the eye-puff-detecting neurons.

Why do males present with the phenotype for sex-linked traits more often than females? A) because those traits are carried on the y chromosome. B) because those traits are not carried on the y chromosome. C) because males are more likely to express physical traits.

Why is a DNA size standard used alongside the DNA sample to be tested? A) it is a control to make sure the test works. B) It contains known DNA alleles for comparison. C) it is used to compare the relative DNA size of the tested sample.

Why is an electric current used to push DNA through the gel in gel electrophoresis? A) the flow of the current moves the DNA physically through the gel. B) DNA is positively charged and moves toward the positive pole. C) DNA is negatively charged and moves away from the negative pole.

Which of the following DNA strands would be a complement to this one? GACCATGC A) CUGGUACG. B) GTCCTAGC. C) CTGGTACG.

When translating from DNA to RNA, RNA uses uracil in place of what DNA nitrogenous base? A) thymine. B) adenine. C) guanine.

Why is a comb placed into the gel as it sets up? A) it smooths out any inconsistencies in the gel. B) it defines where the current will run. C) it provides wells in which the samples will go.