Anatomy and Physiology Questions

Which of the following statements about Acetyl CoA is incorrect? oxidation of pyruvate generates acetyl CA acetyl CoA is produced from fatty acid tails high energy electrons and protons are transferred by acetyl CoA to the electron transport chain excess acetyl CoA from starving, dieting, or diabetes is often converted into ketones acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to create citrate in the Kreb's cycle

Which of the following statements about action potentials is incorrect? Action potentials are unidirectional; they do not travel backwards During the absolute refractory period, another action potential cannot be generated An action potential that has an excitatory effect on the postsynaptic cell is called EPSP During the rising phase of an action potential, the membrane potential becomes more negative than it is at rest (-70 mV) At the peak of an action potential, the membrane potential is positive

The Na+/K+ pump generates unequal ion concentrations across cell membranes and is an example of primary active transport. generates a positive resting membrane potential. is located only in nerve and muscle cells actively transports 3 chloride ions into the cell. is activated by depolarization.

Which substance(s) will cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion? a large hydrophilic molecule a small hydrophobic molecule water ions such as Na+ and K+ all the above

Peripheral membrane proteins can act as transport proteins. may be on the extracellular or intracellular side of a cell are sometimes transmembrane proteins are associated with the plasma membrane but are not embedded inside the bilayer are important for cellular identity.

Every homeostatic control mechanism includes all the following except a receptor an effector positive feedback an integrating center all the above are included in every homeostatic control system

Homeostasis is best described as a process where the external environment does not influence the internal environment the prevention of changes in the external environment maintaining a stable internal environment while the external environment changes responding instantly to changes in the immediate external environment the management of changes in the external environment despite internal conditions

Which of the following axons would have the fastest rate of action potential propagation? Unmyelinated, 10 um diameter Myelinated, 10 um diameter Unmyelinated, 500 um diameter Myelinated, 500 um diameter Action potentials travel at the same rate in all axons

Which of the following correctly describes acetyl CoA? Pyruvate is formed from the oxidation of acetyl CA The lactic acid pathway generates large amounts of acetyl CA The Kreb's cycle begins when acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate The breakdown of glycogen requires ATP and acetyl CA All of the above correctly describe acetyl CA

The citric acid cycle generates the high-energy product acetyl CoA. lactic acid. oxygen. carbon dioxide. NADH.

Pyruvate requires processing before entering the Kreb's Cycle. This step takes place in the mitochondria may involve the conversion of pyruvate into lactic acid creates a gradient of hydrogen ions (H+) decreases the synthesis of glycogen due to negative feedback requires oxaloacetate

Most bone infections have what type of origin?

What support structure attaches bone to other bone?

Where skull bones come together represents what type of joint

What support structure attaches muscle to bone?

The pubic symphysis is an example of what type of joint?

What type of joint is the most structurally complex?

Synovitis can be indicated by the presence of what in the blood?

What patient profile best represents the population at highest risk for gout?

What imaging technique is effective in identifying ankylosing spondylitis?

Ruslan is obsessively watching the news about an outbreak of a particularly dangerous strain of the flu. Although he hasn't been exposed to the flu and has had a flu shot, Ruslan is convinced that the slight pain in his chest is a sign of the flu; he is unable to eat nor sleep, worrying about his health. Ruslan is exhibiting classic signs of hypochondriasis catastrophizing pain disorder fugue disorder

Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities that occur in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are hypochondriacal disorders anxiety disorders dissociative disorders somatic symptom disorders

Clients diagnosed with somatic symptom disorders intentionally fake their illnesses in order to obtain some special treatment generally have a physical cause for their illness experience distressing bodily symptoms that cause impairment usually have little concern over their state of health

represents the chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system. H₂CO3 <--> HCO3+H* CO₂ <--> HCO3+H* CO₂ + H₂<--> HCO3 H₂CO3 <--> CO2 + H₂O

Metabolic acidosis can be: caused by a decreased breathing rate. inherited. compensated for by an increased breathing rate and depth. caused by a decreased gas exchange surface area. compensated for by the retention of large numbers of H* in the kidneys.

The capillaries of the glomerulus form urine. reabsorb nutrients. reverse the flow of blood. filter. adjust pH.

The juxtamedullary nephrons: comprise 85% of all nephrons. have short loops of Henle. have long loops of Henle. are found next to the renal capsule.

Which of the following is one of the functions of the human skeleton? A. producing hormones B. bringing gases into the body C. removing waste from the body D. providing a site for blood cell formation

Eleven-year-old Harry is complaining of a severe sore throat and gets to stay home from school. His pediatrician prescribes a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and Harry feels much better within a few days. However, some two weeks later, Harry has a dull, bilateral pain in his lower back and his urine is a smoky brown color. On the basis of Harry's signs and symptoms, diagnose his condition and indicate the relationship (if any) between his present condition and his earlier sore throat. Hint: Be sure to directly connect the answer back to Henry's symptoms.

Which part of the nephron contains macula densa cells? Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Collecting duct Distal convoluted tubule

What kind of damage does a renal clearance test identify? Ureter damage Tubular damage Glomerular damage Renal artery damage

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water? Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule Ascending loop of henle Descending loop of henle Collecting duct

Which organ secretes Atrial Natriuretic Peptide? Kidney Brain Ovary Heart

Which erectile tissue of the penis forms the glans and also helps to keep the urethra patient? Corpora cavernosa Rete testes Epididymis Corpora spongiosum

The three accessory glands of the male reproductive system are the which makes an alkaline fluid filled with fructose for the sperm, the which lies directly inferior to the bladder, and which help to clean the urethra prior to ejaculation.

Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and blood pH are directly proportional to the amount of oxygen independent of each other inversely proportional to each other directly proportional to each other

Amylase and starch are mixed and placed at 0°C. After the IKI test, the solution turns black. A Benedict's test yields a negative result. Was starch digested? How do you know? No, the Benedict's test revealed no sugars in solution. Yes, the starch test indicated that no starch remained, and the Benedict's test revealed the presence of sugars in solution. Some was digested; the starch test showed some starch and the Benedict's test showed some sugars.

Which of the following resulted in a decrease in glomerular capillary pressure? decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter increasing the efferent arteriole diameter increasing the afferent arteriole diameter

Which of the following resulted in an increase in glomerular filtration rate? decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter increasing the efferent arteriole diameter increasing the afferent arteriole diameter decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter

Carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissue cells forms when combined with water. This compound dissociates into H+ and and participates in an important buffering system in the blood. carbonic acid, HCO3 hydrochloric acid, CI carbonic acid, CO3 hydrochloric acid, bicarbonate ions

Hyperventilation causes a in the blood concentration of CO2, and thus the rate of respiration. decrease; increase increase; decrease decrease; decrease increase; increase

The highlighted structure is composed of cells. luteal body, theca corona radiata, granulosa corona radiata, theca luteal body, granulosa

When the glucose transport maximum is reached, all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine and all of the glucose is reabsorbed not all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine

Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to a transfusion reaction hepatitis or other liver pathologies diets very low in carbohydrates obesity and gross overeating

What happens at day 14 of the ovarian cycle?

Estrogen is produced by cells of the ovary. Progesterone is produced by the cells after ovulation.

always indicate(s) kidney pathology, whereas may be present normally in small amounts. Trace amounts of RBCs; calcium carbonate crystals Casts; crystals Epithelial cells; calcium carbonate crystals Epithelial cells; calcium oxalate crystals

In the fetus, the genital tubercle turns into a in the absence of testosterone and turns into a in the presence of testosterone.

What are found on the fimbrae of fallopian tubes, to create currents to allow the oocyte to be sucked into the fallopian tube? Microvilli Mechanoceptors Cilia Goblet cells

is the hormone that causes the proliferative phase of the endometrium. is the hormone that causes the secretory phase of the endometrium.