Anatomy and Physiology Questions

Describe what happens during a womans ovarian cycle, starting at day 1.

Letter A points to the structure that conducts secretion purification filtration reabsorption

What is the best method to assess the ECF volume status in patients who appear euvolemic by clinical examination? high urine potassium concentration low urine potassium concentration high urine sodium concentration low urine sodium concentration

Letter A points to the structure called that is under control. urogenital diagram, voluntary external urethral sphincter, voluntary detrusor muscle, involuntary internal urethral sphincter, involuntary

Stage 3 of ovarian cycle indicated on the picture is called ovulation primary follicle degenerating corpus luteum Graafian, or tertiary, follicle corpus luteum secondary follicle

A vascular structure that A points to is called and serves to Seminiferous tubules, produce sperm Vas deferens, conduct maturing sperm Spermatic cord, conduct maturing sperm Pampiniform plexus, warm venous blood entering testes Pampiniform plexus, cool arterior blood entering testes

What pump is used at the proximal convoluted tubule to transport sodium out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillary?

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is true? are the most numerous agranulocyte have the longest life span of any blood cell are anucleate cells ontain granules that bind oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which hormone is the signal for the kidney to make concentrated urine? Atrial natriuretic peptide Antidiuretic hormone Erythropoietin Renin

What cells are found wrapped around the glomerular capillaries? Cuboidal cells with microvilli Flat squamous cells Podocytes with foot processes Granular cells

The three components of the filtration membrane are the fenestrated of the glomerulus, the cells which are the visceral membrane of the renal capsule, and their basal lamina.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney: Filter wastes out of the blood Activates vitamin E Regulates blood volume Regulates blood pressure

Although hormones circulate in blood to almost every tissue, the ability of a specific tissue to respond to a hormone depends on ___________. the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path nothing - all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ

Which statement is NOT correct? The right lung is bigger than the left lung. When the left bronchus reaches the lung, it makes three branches that are called secondary bronchi. Cardiac impression is a feature of the left lung, where the heart is located. Bronchioles are the tiny branches of tertiary bronchi that reach the alveolar sacs.

What type of bones are "F" "J" "N" & "R"? metatarsals middle bones palatine bones none of the above phalanges

Name the structure pointed at below. none of the above macula lutea vitreous (chamber) body choroid retina

In type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This suggests that the target cells may have a problem in their signal transduction pathway. are impermeable to insulin. None of these answers are correct. cannot convert insulin to an active form. have adequate internal supplies of glucose.

A molecule of the fatty acid palmitic acid yields approximately 106 molecules of ATP. How is this possible if fatty acids are not substrates for glycolysis? Palmitic acid produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, and therefore does not need to go through the steps of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, or the electron transport chain. Palmitic acid is first converted to glucose in order to begin the sequence of steps necessary for oxidative phosphorylation. Fatty acid oxidation produces the electron carriers FADH2 and NADH as well as molecules of acetyl CoA, all of which directly or indirectly provide substrates for the electron transport chain. Fatty acids donate their electrons directly to the electron transport chain.

Human chorionic gonadotrophin, hCG, produced by the forming embryo, is essential for pregnancy to occur because: it acts as a growth hormone for the developing baby it can be detected in a woman's urine it allows the corpus luteum to continue producing estrogen and progesterone

Body - discussion: 2 Applications in real life of each of the following: 1. Groups 2. Subgroups 3. Homomorphism 4. Isomorphism

The loop of Henle in the nephrons of desert-dwelling kangaroo rats is much longer than the loop of Henle in humans. What is the advantage of this increased length for the kangaroo rat? A longer loop of Henle can generate a smaller concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a more concentrated urine. A longer loop of Henle can generate a smaller concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a less concentrated urine. A longer loop of Henle can generate a larger concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a less concentrated urine. A longer loop of Henle can generate a larger concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a more concentrated urine.

Measurements in a nephron reveal a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 69 mm Hg and a fluid pressure in Bowman's capsule of 15 mm Hg. Assuming an oncotic pressure of 30 mmHg and essentially no plasma protein are filtered, what is the glomerular filtration pressure in this case? 114 mmHg 54 mmHg 39 mmHg 24 mmHg

What are the four types of bonds in an antibody-antigen complex? a) Van der Waals forces, covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds b) Covalent bonds, peptide bonds, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions c) Peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces and metallic bonds d) Hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions

Define homeostasis and list and explain the components of a feedback loop. Explain the relationship between homeostasis and feedback loops.

Pressure exerted on water movement based on the amount of solute in a solution is called: Hydrostatic Pressure Hypertonic pressure Osmotic pressure Proximal pressure

__________What Would be a major difference between a Pidgin Language and a Creole? A. A Pidgin would always have more speakers than a Creole language. B. A Pidgin would have many more words and structure than a Creole. C. A Creole would be better structured and have multi-generation usage over time.

In the cell-based theory of blood coagulation, what triggers the initiation phase? Presence of plasmin Spontaneous production of thrombin Production of tenase Presence of tissue factor

Define glomerular filtration rate. The percent of blood plasma that passes through the filtration membrane. The amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed during a 24-hour period. The amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute. The rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood.

Which of the following statements about chemical digestion is false? A. Pancreatic enzymes are produced by and stored in acinar cells. B. Segmentation causes food to be mixed with digestive substances, such as enzymes. C. Protein digestion starts in the stomach with pepsin. D. Carboxylases perform chemical digestion of proteins. E. Lipases perform chemical digestion of fats.

The female external genitalia includes all of the following except for the _____________. A. labia majora B. structures within the vestibule (e.g. external urethral orifice) C.mons pubis D. cervix E. labia minora

Which one of the following is the best definition of digestion? Uptake of nutrients across the wall of the digestive tract Movement of food through the digestive tract Breakdown of food to smaller components in the digestive tract Production of hormones and substances that travel to the lumen of the digestive tract

The blood flow into most peripheral tissues in the body is governed by which of the following: i) Myogenic control ii) Vasoactive metabolic byproducts iii) The number of open capillary beds ii) only i), ii), and iii) i) only ii) and iii) only

Sierra experiences a nightmare where she is frightened and wakes up. She then begins to relax and falls back to sleep. What would occur in her gastrointestinal tract as she relaxes? Sphincters in the digestive system would constrict Noradrenaline would be produced from postganglionic neurons Gut movement would be inhibited Secretions in the small intestine would be increased

_______________emulsify fats into smaller particles. Maltase Bile salts Sucrase Lactase

___________can be prevented with adequate exercise, fluid intake, and a high-fiber diet. Constipation Diarrhoea Dyspnoea None of the choices

Which of the following happens during the expulsion stage? During this stage, a strong uterine contraction lasting about 1 minute each will occur for every 2-3 minutes. The longest stage of labor that lasts for about 6 to 12 hours or even considerably longer. The cervix reaches the full dilation of about 10 cm. The delivery of the placenta usually happens within 15 minutes after the baby birth.

Where is urea produced in our body? Gall bladder Kidney Liver Stomach

Which of the following white blood cells is found in the highest concentration in the blood? Lymphocyte Basophil Monocyte Neutrophil

Which of the following organs removes water, salts and urea by excreting sweat? Lungs Liver Heart Skin

How many organs of our body are involved in excretion? 3 two one

Which of the following does NOT cause bronchitis? Viruses like influenza A and B Bacteria Tobacco smoking Excessive activity

In females with hypogonadism, which of the following is NOT true? They have high levels of gonadotrophin. They have low levels of estrogen. They have normal levels of FSH. They have low levels of gonadotrophin.

To clean up dust particles, our nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi are lined with _______. epithelial cells squamous cells ciliated cells none of the choices

What will happen when you move your hand and leg? The muscles of the hand and the leg have to contract. Muscles act together in pairs. The partner muscle contracts, the first muscle relaxes again. All of the choices

Which of the following combine to form molecules? Organelle Tissue Organ Atom

Which of the following types of cells of the epidermis produces melanin? Keratinocytes Melanocytes Langerhan cells Merkel cells

The science of the study of tissue is called histology nephrology cytology neurology

Which of the following hormone determines the basal metabolic rate? Calcitonin Glucagon Thyroxine Cortisol

Histamine is released from the _______. red blood cells mast cells white blood cells macrophages

The _________ plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis. thalamus medulla thymus hypothalamus