Anatomy and Physiology Questions

The ___________ of the small intestine is/are similar to the ______ of the stomach. pyloric sphincter; ileocecal valve goblet cells; parietal cells. villi; pyloric glands intestinal crypts (Lieberkuhn); gastric pits rugae; Peyer patches

Chemical digestion breaks down ________into_____ . proteins; nucleotides nucleic acids; nucleotides fatty acids; cholesterol polysaccharides; amino acids amino acids; proteins

An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foods pass is referred to as a(n): organ of mastication. chemically digesting organ. alimentary canal organ. accessory digestive organ.

Which is not a lobe of the liver? Right lobe Quadrate lobe Left lobe Round lobe Caudate lobe

Lymph nodes: serve as the main recycling centers for red blood cells and their parts. filter lymph. produce red blood cells. contain a dense network of collagen fibers.

When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why? It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body

Which is true of T lymphocytes. They specialize in the thymus. All options are true. They are a specialized type of red blood cell. They are part if the innate defenses.

Which of the following is not true of hypersensitivity reactions? They only affect children. They may affect people with inherited ability to have an exaggerated immune response. They occur when a person is pre-sensitized to a certain antigen. They are an exaggerated immune response to non-harmful antigen.

What is the first step in T Cell activation? T cell activation. Antigenic fragments are displayed on the antigen presenting cell cell membrane, bound to proteins that are part of the major histocompatibility complex or human leukocyte antigens (HLA). When specific T cell encounters an APC displaying antigenic fragments bound to MHC proteins, it can now recognize antigen as foreign. Antigen presenting cell phagocytizes antigen then digests it.

When exercising, does wiping off sweat help cool the body? Why or why not?

By what cellular chemical process is most of the ATP requirement for exercising skeletal muscles met?

What is meant by the term "oxygen debt"?

A high oxygen debt is associated with a low blood pH. Why and how?

List four other cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise.

Explain why and how dynamic exercise increases cardiac output.

Which of the following has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders in men? -Heterosexuality -Bicycling -Homosexuality -Painting

Those with somatic symptom disorder, typically may -avoid accepting a psychological explanation for his problems -avoid visiting a physician -have bizarre delusions about his body rotting out -feel relieved when his doctor tells him he is healthy

How to distinguish between the binge-eating/purging bulimia nervosa, purging type? -The bulimic type involves throwing up, and the anorexic type involves fasting. -Altered eating and exercise habits result in amenorrhea in the bulimic type only. type of anorexia nervosa and -The bulimic type results in more severe health consequences than the anorexic type. -People with the bulimic type are normal weight; people with the anorexic type are underweight.

A person with illness anxiety disorder has a preoccupation with -making other people sick -having a panic attack -having or acquiring a serious illness -small objects that appear at night on the horizon

Binge-eating disorder -is an extremely rare type of bulimia nervosa -is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting -cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight -involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain

Although Natalie remembered most of the main topics from the meeting, she had no recollection of the decision to vote for new medical plan for the company, What disorder is reflected in this scenario? -Conversion disorder -Dissociative disorder -Factitious disorder -Somatic symptom disorder

Which of the following is a criterion for a personality disorder diagnosis? -The person's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control. -The maladaptive behaviors are stable across time. -Signs of psychosis must be present. -The person's behavior problems must not cause them distress or impairment.

Dissociation -only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder -is a sign that something is seriously wrong -is extremely common and not necessarily pathological -is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological

Diana has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have? -Self-induced vomiting -Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats -Normal menstrual periods -Occasional bouts of overeating

What is the most common eating disorder worldwide? -Anorexia nervosa -Bulimia nervosa -Binge-eating disorder -Purging disorder

Which of the following disorders accounts for the highest morbidity and mortality rates? -Anorexia nervosa -Bulimia nervosa -Binge-eating disorder -Obesity

Scott believes that he is the "star" of his graduate class and that the other students dislike him because they are jealous of his superior intelligence. He believes that he is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of his outstanding performance in class. Scott probably suffers from -histrionic personality disorder -narcissistic personality disorder -dependent personality disorder -schizoid personality disorder

Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of -malingering. -hypochondriasis. -somatization disorder. -somatic symptom disorder.

The best single-word description for a person with paranoid personality disorder is -delusional -impulsive -unemotional -mistrustful

The hormone PTH functions to (select all that apply) Increase blood calcium Inhibit osteoblast Cause kidney to retain more calcium Slow absorbtion of calcium in the intestines

Which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves the choroid plexus the brachial plexus the lumbar plexus the cervical plexus the sacral plexus

Most body organs are innervated by: both divisions of the ANS the central nervous system (CNS) the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) the sympathetic division of the ANS

The cranial nerve with the greatest distribution is: the vagus nerve the accessory nerve the trigeminal nerve the abducens nerve

The sympathetic division of the ANS does not: dilate the bronchial tubes arise from the thoracolumbar levels summon energy during an emergency stimulate bile secretion from the gallbladder

During inhalation, where does air go after it passes through the external nares? pharynx atmosphere nasal cavity internal nares

The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is known as: Newton's law. Dalton's law. Hering-Breuer reflex Boyle's law. Clinton's law.

The pharynx functions as a _______ ,whereas the larynx functions as a _______. common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only passageway for air only; passageway for air and food site to prevent objects from entering the trachea; site to prevent objects from entering the larynx block to bacteria; conduit for air and food common passage for air and food; passageway for food only

Julie was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor of the thyroid. Surgery was performed to remove the thyroid. However, post- operatively, Julie's blood calcium levels began declining to life- threatening levels. This decline is most likely due to improper laboratory handling of blood samples. damage to the anterior pituitary during surgery. accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery. post-traumatic stress disorder. thyroid hormone replacement therapy after the surgery.

Solution A has a pH of 10 and solution B has a pH of 2. Which of the following statements about these solutions is true? Select one: a. Solution A and solution B are both basic. b. Solution B is basic. c. Solution A is acidic. d. Solution B has a higher hydrogen ion concentration than solution A. e. Solution A has a higher hydrogen ion concentration than solution B.

A tissue is a Select one: a. structure contained within a cell. b. lower level of organization than a cell. c. group of organs that performs specific functions. d. group of cells with similar structure and function. e. structure that contains a group of organs.

You are observing a neurological exam. The patient has a positive pronator drift. This is a sign of ________. (A) Upper motor neuron dysfunction (B) Pituitary dysfunction (C)Cranial nerve dysfunction (D)Lumbar snine injury

What should the nurse place as a priority when taking care of a patient who is being treated for hypertension with a vasodilator? Instructing the patient to report any headaches Monitoring for increase in urinary frequency Monitoring the patient for tachycardia Instructing the patient to rise slowly

The basic structural unit of muscle is the sarcomere; and illustrating a refinement of the BASIC CELL TYPE; having new names to describe well-characterized macromolecular complexes and organelles. Two strations of this terminology, respectively, are the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. TF

APOPTOSIS is a phenomenon of cellular death that is gradual and has been termed "programmed cell death," where a cell actively takes part in its own cell death; indicating the disintegration of organelles and organellar membranes; and has been likened to leaves falling from a tree over time. T F

If someone spills very hot coffee (200 °F) on their skin, they will likely perceive much pain. Which of the following receptor types is causing this sensation? chemoreceptors thermoreceptors nociceptors mechanoreceptors

Match each of the following components of a reflex arc with its description. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. transmits message to the Receptor: effector receives the stimulus Effector: transmits message to the Motor neuron: CNS nerve impulse is processed Sensory neuron: carries out the motor Integration center: response

What connective tissue sheath wraps the axon of a neuron? fascicle endoneurium perineurium epineurium

You have just lifted up a 10 lb weight by abducting your arm out to the side at your shoulder. You continue to hold the weight in that position for a few seconds. During this time the length of your muscle remains the same, while the muscle continues to vary the amount of tension or force needed to keep the weight from falling down.What type of contraction is going on while you are holding this weight in this position? Latent Hypertrophy Isotonic Isometric

This innermost meningeal layer that touches the brain permits nutrients, oxygen, and certain solutes to enter the brain, but there are tight junctions on the adjacent blood vessels which form the blood-brain barrier, so as to protect the brain from disease and harmful chemicals Arachnoid mater Pia mater Dura mater Astrocytes

After acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft and binds to the acetylcholine receptor, what is the very next step that occurs at the neuromuscular junction that leads to depolarization? Sodium pumps in the sarcolemma switch on and sodium rushes into the muscle cell, causing the interior of the sarcolemma to go from positive to negative Sodium channels in the sarcolemma open and sodium rushes into the muscle cell, causing the interior of the sarcolemma to go from negative to positive Calcium channels in the sarcolemma open up and calcium rushes into the muscle cell, causing the interior of the sarcolemma to go from negative to positive Calcium is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium binds to troponin and the muscle contracts