Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers

Pyruvate requires processing before entering the Kreb's Cycle. This step takes place in the mitochondria may involve the conversion of pyruvate into lactic acid creates a gradient of hydrogen ions (H+) decreases the synthesis of glycogen due to negative feedback requires oxaloacetate

Ruslan is obsessively watching the news about an outbreak of a particularly dangerous strain of the flu. Although he hasn't been exposed to the flu and has had a flu shot, Ruslan is convinced that the slight pain in his chest is a sign of the flu; he is unable to eat nor sleep, worrying about his health. Ruslan is exhibiting classic signs of hypochondriasis catastrophizing pain disorder fugue disorder

The three accessory glands of the male reproductive system are the which makes an alkaline fluid filled with fructose for the sperm, the which lies directly inferior to the bladder, and which help to clean the urethra prior to ejaculation.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissue cells forms when combined with water. This compound dissociates into H+ and and participates in an important buffering system in the blood. carbonic acid, HCO3 hydrochloric acid, CI carbonic acid, CO3 hydrochloric acid, bicarbonate ions

When the glucose transport maximum is reached, all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine and all of the glucose is reabsorbed not all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine

Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to a transfusion reaction hepatitis or other liver pathologies diets very low in carbohydrates obesity and gross overeating

Estrogen is produced by cells of the ovary. Progesterone is produced by the cells after ovulation.

What are found on the fimbrae of fallopian tubes, to create currents to allow the oocyte to be sucked into the fallopian tube? Microvilli Mechanoceptors Cilia Goblet cells

is the hormone that causes the proliferative phase of the endometrium. is the hormone that causes the secretory phase of the endometrium.

What pump is used at the proximal convoluted tubule to transport sodium out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillary?

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is true? are the most numerous agranulocyte have the longest life span of any blood cell are anucleate cells ontain granules that bind oxygen and carbon dioxide

Human chorionic gonadotrophin, hCG, produced by the forming embryo, is essential for pregnancy to occur because: it acts as a growth hormone for the developing baby it can be detected in a woman's urine it allows the corpus luteum to continue producing estrogen and progesterone

Body - discussion: 2 Applications in real life of each of the following: 1. Groups 2. Subgroups 3. Homomorphism 4. Isomorphism

In the cell-based theory of blood coagulation, what triggers the initiation phase? Presence of plasmin Spontaneous production of thrombin Production of tenase Presence of tissue factor

Define glomerular filtration rate. The percent of blood plasma that passes through the filtration membrane. The amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed during a 24-hour period. The amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute. The rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood.

The blood flow into most peripheral tissues in the body is governed by which of the following: i) Myogenic control ii) Vasoactive metabolic byproducts iii) The number of open capillary beds ii) only i), ii), and iii) i) only ii) and iii) only

Choose the correct answer: 1. Tubular secretion is usually a passive process 2. Tubular secretion is usually an active process, saturable, mostly in proximal convoluted tubule 3. Passive excretion - charged particles cannot passively cross tubular membranes. 4. Acidification is used in salicylic acid poisoning to increase excretion.

What is a tastant? Select one: a. A substance dissolved in saliva that causes taste cells to depolarize. b. A cell found within a taste bud that depolarizes when stimulated. c. A structure found within the inner ear that translates vibration into sound. d. A supporting cell in the olfactory epithelium that connects the sensations of taste and olfaction.

Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called _______. Select one: a. mediated transport b. active transport c. passive transport

What type of sensory receptors detect the pain associated with "brain freeze"? Chemoreceptors Interoceptors Exteroceptors Proprioceptors

Which is true of T lymphocytes. They specialize in the thymus. All options are true. They are a specialized type of red blood cell. They are part if the innate defenses.

Which of the following is not true of hypersensitivity reactions? They only affect children. They may affect people with inherited ability to have an exaggerated immune response. They occur when a person is pre-sensitized to a certain antigen. They are an exaggerated immune response to non-harmful antigen.

Dissociation -only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder -is a sign that something is seriously wrong -is extremely common and not necessarily pathological -is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological

What is the most common eating disorder worldwide? -Anorexia nervosa -Bulimia nervosa -Binge-eating disorder -Purging disorder

Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of -malingering. -hypochondriasis. -somatization disorder. -somatic symptom disorder.

The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is known as: Newton's law. Dalton's law. Hering-Breuer reflex Boyle's law. Clinton's law.

The basic structural unit of muscle is the sarcomere; and illustrating a refinement of the BASIC CELL TYPE; having new names to describe well-characterized macromolecular complexes and organelles. Two strations of this terminology, respectively, are the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. TF

APOPTOSIS is a phenomenon of cellular death that is gradual and has been termed "programmed cell death," where a cell actively takes part in its own cell death; indicating the disintegration of organelles and organellar membranes; and has been likened to leaves falling from a tree over time. T F

You smell cookies baking in the oven and your salivary glands start to produce saliva. Choose the correct answer: A signal travels to the brain along somatic sensory efferent fibers, and then the brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along somatic motor afferent fibers. A signal travels to the brain along visceral sensory afferent fibers, and then the brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor efferent fibers. A signal travels to the brain along visceral sensory efferent fibers, and then the brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor afferent fibers. A signal travels to the brain along somatic sensory afferent fibers, and then the brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor afferent fibers.

Which of the following is more likely to occur in younger men than older men? testicular cancer prostate cancer Openile cancer epididymal cancer

What is a media monopoly? Nationalized ownership of mass media A media outlet exclusively focused on a particular type of news, usually political The concentration of media ownership by a few large corporations A media outlet that is all or mostly funded through public funds

The auditory tube carries sound to the inner ear. carries sound to the eardrum. helps maintain balance. equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air. amplifies sound waves.

Discussion Question 2: Describe, in detail, the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding. Give three examples of each.

In response to stress, the hypothalamus increases the release of CRH, which increases__________ from the anterior pituitary and__________from the adrenal cortex. These hormones prolong the response to stress provided by the nervous system.

What do all mood disorders have in common? -The presence of a negative mood state -They are at least six months in duration -The presence of irrational thoughts and obnoxious behaviors -They are characterized by emotional extremes

The term "crisis" refers to encountering a number of stressors simultaneously True False

Bipolar disorder is the most prevalent mood disturbance. True False

In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person must have disinterest in pleasurable activities for at least two weeks racing thoughts for at least a week feelings of grandiosity over a period of three weeks ongoing intense irritability or violent outbursts

Which protein is produced by virally infected cells to block viral replication in neighboring cells?

Which antibody class crosses the placenta to give immunity to give immunity to a newborn? IgE IgD IgG IgM

List the phases of phagocytic mobilization in correct order: Margination - neutrophils cling to the walls of capillaries in injured areas Chemotaxis - inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to the injury site Leukocytosis - neutrophils are released from the bone marrow in response to leukocytosis-inducing factors released by injured cells Margination - neutrophils cling to the walls of capillaries in injured areas Diapedesis - neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin phagocytosis

What chemical is secreted by a Mast cell?

How is the majority of oxygen transported in the blood? Dissolved in plasma Attached to hemoglobin inside the red blood cell As bicarbonate in the plasma Attached to Rh factor

The lung volume that represents the normal volume of air that is displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation is called? Inspiratory reserve volume Residual volume Tidal volume Expiratory reserve volume

Where in the digestive tract does segmentation primarily occur? Esophagus Small instestine Stomach Rectum

When the diaphragm constricts it moves upward

The bodies response to hypercapnia is: Simple diffusion Hyperventilation Hyperpulmonation Hypoventilation

Which of the following helps to convert pepsinogen into pepsin (more than one answer may be correct)? HCL Heparin Pepsinogen Pepsin Hemoglobin

Discuss the difference between symptoms and signs, and explain why both concepts are important in DSM-5 diagnosis. Provide examples. Every student is required to post ONE personal response in the forum (one for each question) and also reflect on other students' posts (TWO additional comments per week). THREE posts per week in total. The short answer responses must be 200-250 words (not comments to other students' responses).

GLUT4 transporters are stored in cytoplasmic vesicles. inserted into the plasma membrane in response to glucagon. inserted into the plasma membrane by endocytosis. found in adipose and skeletal muscles. stored in cytoplasmic vesicles and found in adipose and skeletal muscles.