Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers

Arrange these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen in the correct sequence. I Pathogen is destroyed. II. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies. III. Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes. IV. Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous. V. Only memory cells remain. III-IV-II-I-V II-I-IV-III - V III-II-I- V - IV IV-II-III-I- V I-II-II-IV-V

The pre-programmed response of the immune system is which response? specific nonspecific

Segments of what are located on the chromosomes? A. genetics B. proteins C. DNA

When you try to focus on the tip of your nose, a. the pupils dilate. b. the ciliary muscles relax. c. the lens becomes more spherical. d. the tension on the suspensory ligament increases, e. the lens becomes flatter.

A characteristic of passive transport: A)Energy needed for particle movement, provided by concentration gradients of second substance B)Energy needed for particle movement, provided by ATP C)Energy needed for particle movement across membrane, provided by kinetic energy D)Energy not needed for particle movement across membrane

What is the function of ATP in our bodies? a)To act as a main source of catalyzed work by decreasing the activation of energy. b)To turn chemical energy into radioactive energy. c)To store energy and provide energy in our human body. d)To provide structural support in our muscles and skeletal system.

What does an enzyme do? a) It lowers the activation of energy to speed up a chemical reaction b)An enzyme cannot bind to a substrate c)None of the selection d)It extracts protons, neutrons and electrons in all parts of an atom

Which is an example of a nontariff barrier (NTB)? a)an export subsidy b)an excise tax on the physical volume of imported goods c)box-by-box inspection requirements for imported fruit d)an excise tax on the dollar value of imported goods

Where do the allele variations of a gene originate? A) one from mom and one from dad. B) both come from dad. C) both come from mom.

What must be done in order to see the bands of DNA in the gel after the electrophoresis? A) DNA must be stained. B) it has to be soaked in water. C) infrared light is used.

The gelatin used in gel electrophoresis is derived from what plant? A) seaweed. B) dandelion. C) algae.

Which of these things occur at the neuromuscular junction: a)action potential of motor neuron causes acetylcholine release and action potential in muscle fiber b))the monosynaptic stretch reflex c)the polysynaptic inhibitory reflex d)central pattern generators

Choose the general effect the parasympathetic nervous system would have on the following: sweat gland secretions decrease no effect increase

Which of the following statements is true of people involved in the leadership relationship? a)They share a passive relationship. b) They seek changes dictated by leaders. c) They intentionally desire significant changes. d)They use coercion to bring about change.

The fibrous skeleton of the heart is important because it helps guide the blood into the proper chambers in sequence. forces electrical activity to be conducted through the atrioventricular node. directs the flow of blood into the arteries. transmits electrical activity from the atria to the ventricles.

Chemokines are a group of small proteins that potentiate specific immune responses. function as chemoattractants for phagocytes and lymphocytes. attract T cells, phagocytes, and lymphocytes, as well as potentiate specific immune responses. attract T cells to sites of injury.

Ventricular contraction begins just after the Q wave. just after the T wave. during the first part of the P wave. None of the answers are correct. during the latter part of the P wave.

According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, the cardiac output is directly related to the venous return. heart rate. end-systolic volume. thickness of the myocardium. size of the ventricle.

Respiratory acidosis is a result of an increase in the H+ in the blood a decrease in H+ in the blood a decrease in H+ in the blood and an increase in blood pH an increase in blood pH

Which is NOT how does the circulatory system function in a protective role in the body? Delivers leukocytes to areas of inflammation and infection Prevents blood loss through clotting Leukocytes fight infection It makes renin.

A sample of glomerular filtrate is analyzed immediately after it is formed. Which of the following will NOT be found in this filtrate under normal circumstances? glucose urea red blood cells water

When pressure in the left ventricle is greater than pressure in the aorta: A. the aortic semilunar valve opens. B. there is no blood flow out of the ventricle. C. the left atrio-ventricular (AV) valve opens. D. All of these are correct.

If you gave a patient an L-type Ca++ channel blocker, this would cause a ------ inotropic effect. If you gave a patient an adrenergic Beta-blocerk, this would cause a ------- inotropic effect. A. negative; negative B. positive; positive C. positive; negative D. negative; positive

Describing a disorder as acute means that it causes very severe distress and impairment it causes very mild distress and impairment it is a very long-lasting disorder it is a disorder that is short in duration

In ancient societies, if a person's abnormal conduct consisted of speech that appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, then the person was shunned from society and thought to be possessed by an evil spirit considered a witch Otreated with respect assumed to have a heart defect

Which of the following individuals is most likely to fear the stigma of mental illness, and thus refrain from seeking medical treatment? Kristen, a 32-year-old female Steven, a 54-year-old male Sara, a 47-year-old female Sam, a 21-year-old male

Brandon consistently drinks a fifth of vodka at least five times per week. This has greatly increased his chance of serious liver damage and premature death. Because he drinks at home, the behavior harms no one else. According to the DSM-5, is Brett's behavior consistent with the definition of a mental disorder? Yes, because most people in society engage in this behavior Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that is harmful and dangerous No, because his behavior must also harm the well-being of others in the community No, because there is no evidence that his actions are out of his own control

The seminal vesicles contribute a fluid to semen that is rich in sucrose inhibit muscular contractions of the female organs is acidic is rich in fructose

Which of the following follicular stages is the last to appear? primary follicle corpus luteum Graafian follicle corpus albicans mature follicle

Which is not a function of the uterus? Protection and support of developing embryo. Site of implantation. Passageway for sperm Usual site of fertilization.

Which is not a common long-term effect of excessive alcohol consumption? A. liver damage B. oral cancer C. digestive problems

Select the correct answer. Which is a likely result of taking LSD? A. raised heart rate and sped-up nervous system B. altered mood and sensory perceptions C. reduced heart rate and loss of inhibitions

ow does the abuse of anabolic steroids affect teens? A. It reduces their stamina, which can affect their performance at school. B. It causes an extra buildup of muscle, which can cause them to be overweight. C. It signals early puberty, which can cause stunted growth.

What is an advantage of consuming natural foods instead of dietary supplements? A. Excessive consumption of natural foods has no negative effects. B. Natural foods are lower in bad cholesterol and higher in good cholesterol. C. Natural foods contain substances that protect the body against diseases.

Select the correct answer. Aspirin is a widely used drug. What kind of medicine is it? A. over-the-counter analgesic B. prescription analgesic C. over-the-counter antibiotic D. prescription antibiotic

Gina's father has diabetes and takes insulin. He recently had a liver transplant, after which he was put on anti-rejection medicines. This has made his insulin less effective. Which term best characterizes Gina's father's situation? A synergistic interaction B. antagonistic interaction C. additive interaction

Early sociologists in the U.S. focused on studying the changes that came along with the: End of the Jim Crow Era End of slavery American Revolution Industrial revolution

The Reproductive System: Female Reproductive structures and functions 1. List all the structures, primary and secondary, of the female reproductive system. Include the functions of each structure. 2. The ovaries, like the testes, are responsible for gamete production and sex hormone secretion. True or False

Bertha's friends recently started drinking. She goes to a lot of parties with them where she is always pressured by the others to have a drink. Which is the best way for Bertha to resist this pressure? A. Fill a beer can with water and pretend to sip from it. This will make people think she's drinking and no one will pressure her. B. State firmly that she doesn't drink. If they still persist, she should start hanging out with people who don't drink. C. Take one drink at the start of the evening and sip it slowly throughout the party. One drink won't harm her or get her into the habit.

Which of the following statements about peer pressure is true? A. Peer pressure is always verbal. B. Peer pressure is the only reason teenagers get into drugs. C. Sometimes peer pressure can be healthy.

A patient was admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. His PO2 was 55 and PCO2 was 65. A new resident orders 54% oxygen via the venturi mask. One hour later, after the oxygen was placed, the nurse finds the patient with no respiration or pulse. She calls for a Code Blue and begins cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Explain why the patient stopped breathing.

What is Self-Efficacy, Self- Concept, and Self-Esteem? What the differences between them? How does Self-Efficacy effect behavior and effect cognition? What are the factors in the development of Self-Efficacy? Explain in your own words.

You are called about an 80 year old male with cloudy and foul smelling urine for the past day. He has a chronic urinary catheter because of urinary retention. What is the most appropriate course of action? start antibiotic therapy and send him home "start antibiotic therapy, order urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing" O"order urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing, then decide whether to start antibiotic therapy or not" tell him its great he is 80 and do whatever he was doing before!

Each of the following results in drug resistance except a drug being pumped out of the cell. being used as a nutrient by the cell. binding site being altered. being inactivated. being blocked from entering the cell.

A bacteriurea is significant if microorganisms present (per ml) are AT LEAST in excess of 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

Describe or define the following procedures. 1. gastrostomy 2. thoracentesis 3. toxic screen 4. CT scan 5. catheterization 6. electroencephalogram

To what do the following terms refer? 1. rhinorrhea 2. photophobia 3. ptosis 4. ophthalmoplegia 5. seizure 6. sensory or motor deficit 7. arthralgia 8. hypertension 9. chemosis 10. proptosis 11. necrosis 12. metastasis

How can language perception and development be studied in infants and young children? What is the "critical period" of language development and why is it important for successful language acquisition? What implications can early language acquisition have on brain development? How can we utilize knowledge about early language development to improve our new language acquisition skills? What are the benefits of the bilingual brain?

The term menstrual cycle specifically refers to: the cyclic changes in the uterus determined by shifting hormonal changes. the events that recur every month during pregnancy. the cyclic changes in the ovaries determined by shifting hormonal changes. the sequence of events from fertilization to giving birth.

Which of the following cell types is diploid? mature sperm secondary spermatocyte spermatid primary spermatocyte spermatozoa