General Anatomy Questions and Answers

Which of the following occurs first? An action potential arrives at the axon terminal. Voltage-gated calcium channels are opened. Synaptic vesicles exit by exocytosis. Extracellular calcium enters the axon terminal.

Tetanus toxin is a highly potent toxin produced by the clostridial family of bacterium (Clostridium tetani). Like botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin binds to the presynaptic motor nerve terminal. You and your lab partner use a living nerve and muscle preparation to study muscle contraction. When you stimulate the nerve electrically, the muscle contracts. When you add Tetanus toxin to your preparation, the muscle contracts but then remains contracted and stops responding to the electric stimulus, why? Tetanus toxin prevents the binding of ACh Tetanus toxin disrupts the release of presynaptic vesicles Tetanus toxin disrupts the release of ACh leading to continious stimulation

Receptors with gated channels that open in respons to pmechanical pressure on membrane are called visual receptors. thermoreceptors. chemoreceptors. mechanoreceptors. nociceptors.

Increase in stimulus intensity increases the duration of the action potential increases the frequency of action potentials has no effect on action potentials increases the size of the action potential

The brief period of time between the action potential in the muscle and the beginning of contraction is referred to as the latent period. depolarization period. relaxation phase. repolarization period. refractory period.

A type of hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is a mineralocorticoid. glucocorticoid. aldosterone. melatonin. none of the above.

What is the minimum voltage needed to generate muscle contraction? threshold voltage contraction voltage recruitment voltage stimulus voltage

Structurally complex sensory receptors that monitor positions of joints are called free nerve ends. baroreceptors. mechanoreceptors. proprioceptors. special senses.

Louder sounds stimulate the same number of hair cells as soft sounds. a larger number of hair cells than soft sounds. the same number of hair cells more vigorously than soft sounds. the same number of hair cells in different orders than soft sounds. the same number of hair cells for more prolonged time periods than soft sounds.

Chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata react to blood pH changes by triggering vasoconstriction. vasodilation. changes in heart rate. changes in depth and rate of respiration. acidic stomach discharge.

A single action potential is described as A. graded by the intensity of the stimulus B. not graded C. graded by the functional area involved D. graded by the frequency of the stimulus

Syndicated sources of data are marketing research firms that: A. Conduct primary and secondary research companies B. Make results of their studies available online for a very small subscription fee C. Supply standardized data information to a number of clients D. Provide secondary data to brands that hire the research firm to conduct primary research

Secondary data can be used in preparing a primary research study in the following ways, except: Aid in deciding best research design Demonstrate a causal relationship Suggest potential sample sources How to word questions

Briefly describe weight/body mass gain and weight/body mass loss in terms of energy balance.

What are the three types of homeostatic balance?

What are the two ways fluid is gained? What are the two ways water is lost?

Briefly explain how obesity contributed to shortened life span.

Which of the following diseases affects the small intestine Appendicitis Megaesophagus Peptic ulcer All of the choices

Which of the following organisms is associated with peptic ulcer? Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica Helicobacter pylori Hemophilus influenzae

Neural tracts carrying information about pain and temperature remain on the same side of the spinal cord; motor tracts cross over the spinal cord when relaying information from the brain. True False

A patient presents with nausea and vomiting and sudden onset weakness in his leg. He is irritable and complains of a headache. During your physical exam, you note that one pupil is more dilated than the other and unreactive to light. During the interview, you learn that he was in a motor vehicle accident two days prior and hit his head on the window. This presentation is most suggestive of A. Epidural hematoma B. Cerebral contusion C. Aneurysm D. Meningitis

Which of the following scenarios would result in clumping of blood? Group AB whole blood mixed with group A red blood cells. Group O whole blood mixed with group AB red blood cells. Group A whole blood mixed with plasma of group AB. Group O whole blood mixed with plasma of group B.

"OPQRST" is a mnemonic healthcare providers can use to determine what aspects of pain? A. All of the above B. Does anything make the pain better or worse? C. How bad is the pain? D. When did the pain start?

It is never appropriate for opiods to be the first medication used for pain management because of their high potential for addiction/abuse. A. True B. False

Which of the following is not TRUE about the blood? A. Blood is a specialized connective tissue. B. Blood is composed of fluid, cells, and cell fragments. C. Blood contains thirty percent water. D. Blood contains plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Who won the Nobel Prize in medicine for a new method of re-attaching blood vessels? A. Alexis Carrel B. Cournand C. Forssman D. Richards

Which of the following neurological disorders occurs during childhood? Parkinson's disease AIDS Tourette's disease Alzheimer's disease

The wall that divides the heart into left and right chambers is called the A. aorta B. septum C. tricuspid D. atrium

Knee-jerk reflexes are associated with the spinal cord cerebellum cerebrum medulla oblongata

In which of the following diseases is the myelin sheath lost? Multiple sclerosis AIDS Parkinson's disease Encephalitis

is a viral infection. Encephalitis Malaria Tuberculosis Food poisoning

The endocrine system has effects. targeted concentrated lumped diffused

Which of the following tissues protects their underlying tissues? Nervous tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Muscular tissue

is a serious problem among teenagers. Acne Skin cancer Burns HIV

What burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin (deep dermis)? First degree burns Second degree burns Third degree burns Zero degree burns

Intra-epidermal skin tumors mostly indicate a human papilloma viral infection a Herpes simplex viral infection hepatitis common cold

The integumentary system includes the skin the heart only hair only tissues

gives skin its color. Melanin Oxygenated hemoglobin Reduced hemoglobin Keratin

The membrane which covers the entire body is called the heart kidney skin mucus membrane

Which of the following is the first line of defense of the human body? Respiratory system Skin Humeral system Complement system

are involved in immunity by processing antigens or foreign bodies, making the skin the body's first line of defense. The keratinocytes The melanocytes The Langerhans cells The Merkel's cells

The yellow marrow stores vitamins minerals carbohydrates fat

Which of the following is/are the cell components of the sarcomere? Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic reticulum Sarcosome All of the choices

The shoulder is attached to the arms. This is an example of a joint. pivotal ball and socket hinge gliding

Which of the following statements is FALSE? The primary function of our skeletal system is to provide a framework for the body's tissues. The skeletal system allows body movement. The skeletal system protects the internal organs. The skeletal system initiates the defense mechanism.

The is/are NOT a part of the axial skeleton. lower limbs skull vertebral column rib cage

The biceps muscle acts as a/an extensor flexor pronator supinator

The actin filaments are concentrated in the of the muscle fiber. M line l-band A-band H zone

Which of the following is the "M line" of the sarcomere? The central portion in the thick filaments A liter region in the filaments A thin region in the filaments A liter and thin regions in the filaments

What might be a leading symptoms of fibromyalgia? Widespread pain Muscle stiffness Depression All of the choices