Biological Classification Questions and Answers

What is the role of topoisomerases in eukaryotic DNA replication a Topoisomerise enzymes cut uncoil and reseal the double stranded DNA b Topoisomerise enzymes bind to the origin of replication sites within double stranded DNA c Topoisomerise enzymes join the Okazaki fragments together with phosphodietster bonds d Topoisomerise enzymes open up the double stranded DNA at the replication fork

First among asexually reproducing species what main mechanism produces genetic changes from one generation to the next and how does this mechanism do so Next describe in detail three main mechanisms that produce genetic diversity among sexually reproducing species placing emphasis on how two mechanisms in meiosis do so Lastly most eukaryotic organisms reproduce sexually What is a survival benefit s of this mode of reproduction

Table 1 TRIAL 1 Results Phenotype of worms worms eaten start worms left in grass worms after reproduction Forest 10 1 9 18 Turquoise 10 9 1 2 Kelly 10 0 ID Olive E 110 2 8 20 16

With COPD there is a decreased air flow from the lungs This could be caused by which of the following reasons Select all that apply Check All That Apply inflammation of major and small airways destruction of the walls between your lungs air sacs weakening of the respiratory muscles excessive mucus production

AOTD How do tree hole frogs adjust their calls within tree holes By adjusting the pitch of their calls By changing their physical appearance By changing their body temperature By increasing their vocal sac size

Listen Select all of the following types of fish that were abundant diverse in the Devonian period acanthodians tetrapods bony fishes chondrichthyans

Essay The second figure shows a Mesozoic Tetrapod Didelphodon The third shows a partial jaw of Didelphodon Pretend that you found these Wow an entire skeleton congratulations That s an extremely rare find Individual teeth and bits of bone are more common In your essay address the following topics Also find images that support the main evolutionary novelties that you discuss and paste them into your discussion You can use this list as an outline Enlarge the images as necessary to see details Locomotion What are three important novelties related to locomotion that you can clearly see in Didelphodon relative to Ichthyostega How do they differ from the anatomy of Ichthyostega How do they improve locomotion exactly Food processing What is one novelty related to food processing that you can clearly see in Didelphodon relative to Ichthyostega How does it improve food processing and energy management Phylogeny Draw a phylogeny that inlcudes these two organisms Label it with the major groups that these creatures belong to and where the novelties you discussed above originated There should be other branches besides just two for these organisms since Didelphodon is nested much higher in the Tetrapod tree than Ichthyostega Behavior Bevaior itself can t fossilize easily But you can make a guess about how Didelphodon may have behaved based on anatomy Clearly referencing the features you discussed above as evidence hypothesize a little about the behavior of Didelphodon

Match the following animals to the appropriate Crustacean class mussel shrimp barnacles 1 Branchiopoda tadpole shrimp 2 Maxillopoda 3 Ostracoda

Population size a Density dependence Growth rate slows at high density B A Time C In the figure above which letter indicates areas where r max is possible Arrow A Arrow C Arrow B None of the letters shown here

Percentage of females with mature follicles 100 Female paired 80 60 40 20 0 with male Female with group of males Female with group of castrated males All female group Female alone Females in natural winter habitat 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Weeks In the above figure which of the following conclusions is most logical based on the data Females produce eggs faster when exposed to many males than do females paired with a male It is too complex to infer any logical conclusion After four weeks together females with males produce mature follicles to the ortant or females without males

A plant appears green to us so the wavelengths of energy that appear useful to photosynthesis red green blue orange is L

Select the correct answer Catherine is pregnant and preparing for childbirth She knows a woman who assists in childbirth The woman has not been to any medical school but she is adept and skillful in her job Whom does Catherine want to hire for the childbirth O A urologist OB a gynecologist Oc an obstetrician OD a mid wife OE a nurse

1 DNA Corresponding DNA RNA based on original Codons Protein look at codon 2 DNA Corresponding DNA RNA based on original Codons Protein look at codon 3 DNA Corresponding DNA RNA based on original Codons Protein look at codon 4 DNA Corresponding DNA RNA based on original Codons Protein look at codon 5 DNA Corresponding DNA RNA based on original Codons Protein look at codon ATACGATTAGCTC C TAI GCT AATCGAGG JAU GOURA G C GA GG ANG CUA ALUCAG TOTA AATCT GTAC GAGTA ITA GA CATG CTCAT UNA GOCAUG CUCAR DAUG QUR ATGTA CGATTAGCT TACATGC TAAT CGA AUGUA CG AUU AGCO AUG CHE AUCT M M TG GTA CGTAAT TCA ACCATG CATTA AGT ACC AUGCA U U AAGU AUG CALL HAR ALT CA TW TA C G T A A T T C G ATG ATGCATT A A G CT AC AUG CAUFABCHAG AUG CAU MAAGCUTE Not

3 The modern domesticated chicken is clearly a bird and therefore also a dinosaur Many dinosaurian features are visible on the skeleton For the following features first answer the question about them and then identify where on the dinosaur tree of life they first appear maniraptors theropods saurischians etc a Number of toes on hind feet How many are there b Long bones Are they solid or hollow c Bipedalism Is the chicken bipedal or quadrupedal d Sternum Is the sternum shaped like a large plate

2 Archaeopteryx is the earliest known bird a dinosaur subgroup Look at the specimen closely There is one very distinguishing feature typically associated with birds visible on this specimen around the forelimbs and the tail What is it

Purple Sulfur PSB and Green Sulfur Bacteria GSB both use sulfide to support photosynthesis GSB tolerate higher sulfide levels than PSB How does that tolerance relate to where they congregate in the column Where would they be in relation to the Cyanobacteria and Desulfovibrio Put these three groups of organisms in order from top to bottom in the column Desulfovibrio Green Sulfur Bacteria Purple Sulfur Bacteria Cyanobacteria

Where in the column would you most likely find Cyanobacteria O Top of the column Middle of the column Bottom of the column Evenly dispersed throughout

Ichthyosaurs below are not dolphins which are mammals but they sure look like dolphins What common evolutionary pattern does this resemblance illustrate Cite several features visible in the figures below that support your discussion

Which of these cells is shown during metaphase 1 of meiosis a C XX XX a 502 O a b b XXX b C C d no correct answer given XX d None of these

AOTD The silk made by the Golden Orb Weaver spider can function in which of the following ways to capture prey to inject venom to scare away birds to move from place to place to protect egss

The palm like structure identified below is the

Complete the following table Lycophyta Club mosses Example organisms Support system Anchoring structures Transport system Type of transport tissue External structures Reproduction Sphenophyta Horsetails Psilotophyta Whisk ferns Pterophyta Ferns

Which of the following are true statements regarding horizontal gene transfer select all that apply In transduction a virus transfers DNA from a host cell to a recipient cell In conjugaion and transformation the bacterial cell synthesizes a thin strand of membrane bound cytoplasm that connects to other cells a pillus or multiple pilli In conjucation DNA is transferred from one bacterial cell to another usually in a plasmid In transformation fragments of DNA are taken up by the bacterium from the environment

The majority of a bacterium s key genetic information is located in the flagella nucleoid endospore plasmids capsule

In plants the haploid multicellular organism is the sporophyte gametophyte zygote spore gamete

Please use the following information to answer the question s below A hypothetical bacterium swims among human intestinal contents until it finds a suitable location on the intestinal lining It adheres to the intestinal lining using a feature that also protects it from bacteriophages and dehydration Fecal matter from a human in whose intestine this bacterium lives can spread the bacterium even after being mixed with water and boiled The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan This bacterium derives nutrition by digesting human intestinal contents in other words food Thus this bacterium should be an anaerobic chemoheterotroph anaerobic chemoautotroph aerobic chemoheterotroph aerobic chemoautotroph

Question 1 In order from largest most expansive to smallest most specific place in order the taxonomic levels Species Genus Family Domain Kingdom Phylum Order

AOTD In flatworms the transport of nutrients oxygen and waste products through their body is accomplished via the circulatory system diffusion the gills flame cells

Label the following depiction of electron flow through a PSI type reaction center E V 1 2 PSI 0 8 0 4 Green bacteria 0 0 4 e H E V 1 2 0 8 0 4 10 0 4 C A B E Ferredoxin NAD P 2H NAD P H H Cytochrome c Bacteriochloro phyll P840 Ferredoxin NAD reductase H

Week 6 Discussion Post A Discussion Board Posts 25 total As a measure of your participation you will write 200 word minimum responses to the readings as well as responding to at least one other post In these posts I want to see concrete examples where you critically reflect on the readings This can include citing specific photographs and photographers theoretical connections between different readings ideas themes and or the author s own argument Please refer to my separate guide on discussion posts for full details Posts are due by Sunday 6pm almost every week There will not be an opportunity to post after the deadline so make sure you enter the due dates into your calendar now so that you don t miss them Keep in mind that our reading assignments will cover similar but not identical material to the weekly lectures I have scheduled the readings so they foreshadow the content we cover in lecture that day so it is essential you do the readings prior to the lecture this form of assessment is designed to get you ready to engage with lecture content in a meaningful way Weekly readings are listed on the course schedule for the weeks they are due DR HUGH WELCH DIAMOND Mental Patient circa 1850 55 7 3 16 5 1 16 inches Albumen silver print from glass negative Photography seemed to be a mechanism that could produce faithful records whose authenticity could be certified by the institutions of power and control that made them As the British medical journal Lancet proclaimed Photography is so essentially the Art of Truth

Living amphibians and presumably extinct ones too have a moist permeable skin Discuss the function of this type of skin

uestion 15 Which of the following is not associated with prions O Replicating shapes Mad cow disease DNA O Toxic proteins

Question 17 Which one is normal prion protein O PrPc PrPsc

Question 6 Which statement is true of viroids O They are single stranded RNA particles O They reproduce only outside of the cell They produce proteins They affect both plants and animals

Prochlorococcus a cyanobacterium is a free living marine organism that fixes CO into biomass while producing molecular oxygen utilized by swarms of other bacteria Which of the following is the most likely habitat of this bacterium sediments of a deep lake the euphotic light exposed zone of a pelagic aqueous environment O the ocean seafloor O the rhizosphere in soil O the aphotic zone of a pelagic aqueous environment

Many of the organisms that grow near deep sea black smokers are mesophiles and anaerobes hyperthermophiles and psychrophiles O hyperthermophiles and lithotrophs

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1 Moss a member of Bryopsida Moss is restricted to growing in very moist areas In addition the individual stalks never grow very high What is it exactly about moss anatomy that limits it from growing tall and living in drier regions

the following subclasses of Gastropods with the correct characteristic V show complete detorsion sea slugs sea hares sea butterflies loss of ancestral ctenidia vascularized mantle wall evolved into lung gills lie in front of heart mantle cavity anterior as a result of torsion 1 Prosobranchs 2 Opisthobranchs 3 Pulmonates

HHMI Biointeractive Winogradsky Columns 2 How do Winogradsky Columns illustrate the diversity microorganisms on Earth and the niches they occupy How do they reflect life on early Earth

Match the functions listed below with the molluscan structure head foot or visceral mass that matches best with it 100 Primarily uses muscles contains most internal organs contains most of the sensory structures primarily for locomotion primarily uses cilia 1 Head foot 2 visceral mass

What are the nutritional requirements of photoheterotrophic and lithoheterotrophic cells in terms of energy and carbon sources respectively a Light and organic molecules respectively for photoheterotrophs and organic and inorganic molecules respectively for lithoheterotrophs Ob Inorganic molecules as both source of energy and carbon for photoheterotrophs and inorganic and organic molecules respectively for lithoheterotrophs c Inorganic and organic molecules respectively for photoheterotrophs and organic and inorganic molecules respectively for lithoheterotrophs d Light and organic molecules respectively for photoheterotrophs and inorganic and organic molecules respectively for lithoheterotrophs e Light and organic molecules respectively for photoheterotrophs and organic molecules as both source of energy and carbon for lithoheterotrophs

What do Coombs control cells consist of O Type O positive cells coated with C3d O Type A negative cells coated with anti D O Type O negative cells coated with C3d O Type A positive cells coated with anti D O None is correct

A patient was transfused with 8 units of platelets concentrate experiences symptoms of febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction What is a common of a FNHTR O Recipient is allergic to the donor s plasma proteins O Recipient has antibodies to the donor s HLA antigens O All answers are correct O Donor unit has a positive DAT Donor unit was not prewarmed

Great care must be taken during collection of the recipient s blood to ensur positive identification of the O Donor s ABO group and Rh type O Patient s cross match and antibody screen O Patient and patient blood sample O Patient s ABO group and Rh type O Donor and donor unit of blood

risk of HDFN is the most important initial factor in being able to determine the O Patient history O Obstetrician care O Prenatal care O All answers are correct O Number and outcomes of previous pregnancies

1 Describe the biological roles of the viral capsids in the virus life cycle 2 Estimate the T number of the sculpture shown in Figure below Estimate how many sheets of glass are needed to assemble the sculpture An icosahedral sculpture An icosahedral sculpture is often used by architects A dome structure built in roof of a building at Yonsei University in Korea A triangular facet is evident by linking three fivefold axes of symmetry the white dot 3 Describe two methods that are utilized to obtain a high resolution image of a virus particle structure And compare

Traditionally Protista has been called a kingdom yet it is now recognized as a polyphyletic group What is the likely future of the kingdom Protista

3 What is unique about Giardia and Trichomonas How are they changing taxonomy

3 What is a mixotroph Give an example of a plantlike protist that is considered a mixotroph