Human Physiology - Chemical Coordination Questions and Answers

Which of the following would be correctly described as a juxtacrine signaling A signal that diffuses over long distances from the producing cell A signal that diffuses over short distances from the producing cell A signal that requires physical contact between cells OA signal that acts on the cell that produces it

The vesicles that are anchored to the plasma membrane at a nerve cell presynaptic site are specialized for lysosome secretion polarized secretion constitutive secretion endocytosis

Q 18 12pt What does rubisco stand for Write out the two primary reactions catalyzed by rubisco including the chemical structures of the reactants and products

What type of sensory stimulus provides the afferent arm of the patellar knee Jerk stretch reflex vibration sense from the Pacinian corpuscles linear acceleration from maculae of the utricle and saccule equilibrium sense from proprioceptors in joints stretch of muscle spindles Question 28 1 point Receptors that transmit painful stimuli are also known as O mechanoreceptor Ophotoreceptor nociceptors

cell bodies dendrites axons Oaxon terminals Question 18 1 point What types of ganglia can you find in the peripheral nervous system sympathetic ganglia parasympathetic ganglia posterior chain ganglia sensory

Most sensory pathways synapse in the basal nuclei Othalamus hypothalamus corpus callosum Question 12 1 point Name the 3 parts of the brain stem cerebrum cerebellum and pons globus pallidus caudate and putamen thalamus hypothalamus and epithalamus medulla oblongata pons and midbrain

Which part of the brain is responsible for directing the autonomic nervous system the endocrine system and your sleep wake cycle the cerebellum the limbic system the hypothalamus the frontal lobe Question 14 1 point The corpus callosum is an example of fibers association projection

Where do you find the nucleus of a neuron in the cell body in the axon terminals in the axon in the dendrites Question 2 1 point In the Nervous System what does the word tract indicate a collection of cell bodies outside the brain or spinal cord a collection of axons within the brain or spinal cord a collection of cell bodies within the brain or spinal cord a collection of axons outside the brain or spinal cord

What type of interaction would you expect between the following groups in a tertiary structure Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins Hydrophobic asparagine and tyrosine Hydrophilic alanine and proline aspartic acid and histidine phenylalanine and isoleucine Salt bridge Hydrogen bond Disulfide bond Reset

19 64 Copy Draw the structural formula of each of the following amino acids at pH 11 valine Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools for bonds charges where needed The single bond is active by default DDCOQH 12 CONT Bu H

You have a triglyceride in which the fatty acids are all saturated and each fatty acid is composed of 20 carbon atoms Assuming complete oxidation of the triglyceride which of the following is a good approximation of the amount of ATP produced For convinence we will assume that every NADH H enriches the Proton Motive force enouch to produce 3 ATP while every QH2 FADH2 from Succinate Dehydrogenase produces 2 ATP 56 950 530 495 Fatty acyl CoA A HHO CH CH C C C SCOA a HH acyl CoA dehydrogenase enoyl CoA hydratase 3 L hydroxyacyl CoA 0 Trans A2 enoyl CoA CH CH C C C SCOA 3 L hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase B ketothiolase HHO CH CH C C C SCOA 11 OH H 0 11 CH3 CH C SCOA Fatty acyl CoA B ketoacyl CoA CH3 CH2 C C C FADH H FAD OHO H O NAD NADH H SCOA HSCOA 0 H C C SCOA Acetyl CoA

Which of the following reaction types is INCORRECTLY shown a Mineral H mineral 2H SO42 4H H S 4H O Ob Mineral H organic 2CO2 4H CH3COOH 2H O O c Organic H organic Fumarate H succinate d Oxygenic photosynthesis CO2 4H2 CH4 2H O e Aerobic oxidation of H O2 2H 2H O

How do lactic acid and alcohol fermentation differ Select all that apply 50 Lactic acid fermentation produces a 3 carbon molecule and ethanol fermentation produces a 3 carbon compound Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid as a byproduct and alcohol fermentation produces ethanol Carbon dioxide is released only during alcohol fermentation Ethanol fermentation produces more ATP than lactic acid fermentation

e image above shows a spoonful of glucose powder after it has been ignited by a match This is ne set combustion of glucose in the presence of oxygen ich of the following best describes the respective free energy changes for the one step mbustion of glucose in the presence of oxygen as compared to the multi step oxidation of Cose during cellular respiration assuming both reactions occur under identical conditions The combustion has a higher change in free energy Both reactions have the same change in free energy The combustion has a lower change in free energy

In the diagram below the red arrows show the flow of energy through the electron transport chain Follow the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain and label the components of the chain Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets View Available Hint s ATP synthase Coenzyme Q Complex III Complex II Complex IV Cytochrome c Complex I Intermembrane Space Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Mitochondrial Matrix 2H 2H 2H NADH H NAD FADH FAD 2H H O HT Channel 999999 Reset Help

19 16pts Write out the chemical names chemical structures major reactants and products and enzymes used during glycolysis as 1 molecule of glucose 6 phosphate is converted to 2 molecules of 2 phosphoglycerate Note you only need to provide the chemical structures of any included in the test preview

16 6pts Write out the reactants products and enzyme names for the reactions that release free glucose from glycogen

Which enzyme below is not a primary component of gluconeogenesis O Pyruvate kinase GAP dehydrogenase Glucose 6 phosphatase

son com courseld 12333612 key 13712161221816286609312023 Correctly identify the steps indicated in this diagram for genetic analysis of sorted cell populations Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets Perform multiple displacement amplification MDA and sequencing Extract DNA Isolate fluorescent cells by flow cytometry PCR Assay for specific genes e g 16S rRNA genes metabolic genes etc Sequence genome DNA A B 5 3 C 3 D 5 Label cells by FISH J Phage DNA Primers polymerase 5

Formation of a phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides is energetically unfavorable reaction How is then DNA synthesis driven forward O The phosphodiester bond forms between the 3 hydroxyl of the ribose at the end of the growing chain and the alpha phosphate of the incoming nucleotide A molecule of pyrophosphate PPI is released in the process and is further hydrolyzed into inorganic phosphate P Thus a net of one high energy bond is consumed in the process which drives the process forward PPP 5 DNA 3 OH dNTP PPP 5 DNAn 1 3 OH PPI 2Pi The polymerase is hydrolyzing an ATP molecule the general currency molecule of the cell for every new nucleotide that is added to the growing chain Thus a net of two high energy bonds are consumed in the process which drives the process forward PPP 5 DNA 3 OH dNTP ATP PPP 5 DNAn 1 3 OH PPI 2Pi The phosphodiester bond forms between the 3 hydroxyl of the ribose of the incoming nucleotide and the alpha phosphate at the 5 end of the the growing chain A molecule of pyrophosphate PPI is released in the process and is further hydrolyzed into inorganic phosphate Pi Thus a net of one high energy bond is consumed in the process which drives the process forward dNTP OH PPP 5 DNA 3 OH PPP 5 DNAn 1 3 OH PPI 2Pi

D True False Question 30 Our only native cycad in Florida is O None of these apply O Zamia integrifolia O Zamia pumila O Zamia furfuracea Question 31 To what group does Ephedra viridis belong O Ginkgophyta O Coniferophyta O Cycadophyta

Proteins are made in at the Omitochondria O Lysosome Ribosome

22 23 91 20 19 516 18 Anwar A D A oblique section transverse section C sagittal section D frontal section section is Mustrated by the picture of the brain bolow

2 You perform the citrate utilization test and after 48 hours of incubation you make the following observations Should you trus your findings Be sure to explain your reasoning Sample Description E coli E aerogenes Unknown sample 2 Media Color after 48 Hours of Incubation Blue Blue Blue Growth after 48 Hours of Incubation Present Present Present

O is released by the action of the thyroid O regulates blood pressure O has a sequence identical to oxytocin O is a physiologically active dipeptide is a hormone that causes the smooth muscles of the mammary glands to ce

Frequency 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 Generation 5 1 Allele and Phenotype Frequencies 2 3 Generation 4 5 Red Allele Blue Allele Red Phenotype Purple Phenotype Blue Phenotype

Bearding in goats is inherited as an autosomal trait determined by two alleles B1 and B2 Interestingly the bearded trait is recessive in females while it is dominant in males In both sexes homozygotes for the B1 allele are beardless Which of the following is true more than one correct answer possible Females with the genotype B2B2 are beardless Females with the genotype B1B1 are bearded Males with the genotype B1B1 are beardless Females with the genotype B1B2 are beardrd Males with the genotype B1B2 are bearded Males with the genotype B2B2 are bearded

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To improve health in their community healthcare managers and their healthcare organizations HCOS often improve select all that apply Healthcare services O Individual behavior Social environment Physical environment

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Question 1 Most War Points 1 enslaved O welders O lawyers people became after the Civil O sharecroppers

The property of water that is most responsible for prevention of a rapid rise in body temperature on a hot day is vaporization True O False

Rough endoplasmic reticulum X Nucleus Chloroplast X Golgi apparatus Cell membrane X Mitochondrion X Central vacuole Cell wall Cytoplasm

8 8 1 A neutral oxygen atom atomic number 8 has 8 electrons located in 2 different electron orbitals True 2 Hydrogen has only one neutron and no protons in its nucleus False 8 3 An atom consists of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons that are in constant motion True 4 Almost all of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its electrons False 8 5 The orbital of an electron is the volume of space where the electron is most likely to be found True 6 Almost all of the volume of an atom is empty space True 8 7 The reactivity or chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily on the number of neutrons it has Click to select B 8 Modern physics indicates that we cannot determine the exact location of a particular electron at any given time Click to select 9 Electrons are maintained in their orbitals by their attraction to the positively charged nucleus Click to select B 10 Atomic orbitals represent probability distributions for electrons and come in a variety of shapes Click to select

Which of the following is a synapomorphy of most but not all animal phyla multicelluar they have neurons they are heterotrophs they move under their own power at some point in their life cycle 1 point Which of these isn t a feature of bilaterian animals differentiating them from other animals they are triploblasts they exhibit cephalization they have the property of being divisible into symmetrical halves on either side of only a single plane they are diploblasts

oints 3 In the story One of These Days why is the line Now you ll pay for our twenty dead men so important It was a lower wisdom tooth The dentist spread his feet and grasped the tooth with the hot forceps The Mayor seized the arms of the chair braced his feet with all his strength and felt an icy void in his kidneys but didn t make a sound The dentist moved only his wrist Without rancor rather with a bitter tenderness he said Now you ll pay for our twenty dead men The Mayor felt the crunch of bones in his jaw and his eyes filled with tears But he didn t breathe until he felt the tooth come out Then he saw it through his tears It seemed so foreign to his pain that he failed to understand his torture of the five previous nights O It is not important O It provides context and explains why the dentist dislikes the mayor O It provides context and explains why the mayor dislikes the dentist Que 25 17 21 29 33 13 1 5 9

A rat poison called Warfarin has been widely used in many cities including New York since the early 1950s Warfarin inhibits blood coagulation A gene called VKORC1 is involved in the vitamin K reductase pathway which is involved in blood coagulation Animals homozygous for the VKORC1 allele are susceptible to poisoning by Warfarin Animals homozygous for the vkorc1 allele are resistant to the poison but have low survival rates because they cannot produce enough vitamin K Heterozygotes are intermediate in terms of warfarin susceptibility and vitamin K production Over time and exposure to Warfarin in New York the vkorc1 allele has increased in frequency but never to the exclusion of the VKORC1 allele What is being described in this scenario O Positive selection the vkorc1 allele has been selected for in New York O Negative selection the VKORC1 allele has been selected against in New York O Balancing selection the heterozygote has the highest fitness

came during the O Potsdam Conference O Yalta Conference O signing of Treaty of Versailles signing of Treaty of Paris Previous 00 00 00 00 Grade Results inc 2005 2023

A protease is O An An enzyme that degrades DNA An enzyme that synthesizes RNA An enzyme that degrades proteins An enzyme synthesizes proteins

Which of the following BEST completes the diagram Enacted to make the United States Army comparable to European Armies Authorized the growth of the federal army and National Guard O The Selective Service Act O The National Army Expansion Act The Service Expansion Act The National Guard Service Act Created an increased need for weapons

Below is a graphic that shows ways in which a mutation may influence the sequence of nucleotides in a gene and the structure of an associated protein Choose the correct answer from the drop down box No mutation AB CD EF McGraw Hill Education 3 CACGTGGAGTGAGGTCTC CTC Val His Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu CACGTAGAGTGAGGTCTC CTC Val His Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu CACGTGGAGTGAGGTCACCTC Val His Leu Thr Pro Wall Glu m CACGTGGAGTGAGGTATC CTC Val His Leu Thr Pro Stop 5

The far point of vision is the distance beyond which no change in lens shape needed for focusing the distance at which you can see most clearly the furthest distance that you can see clearly the closest point on which the eye can focus

Jestion 22 1 point Listen Hormones that promote homeostasis O travel to target cells without passage in the plasma are not found as members of antagonistic signaling mechanisms utilize receptors that bind any hormone usually operate as part of a negative feedback system Cignal transduction in the target cell without binding to receptors

21 Listen Antidiuretic hormone ADH functions at the cellular level by triggering the synthesis of an enzyme that makes the phospholipid bilayer more permeable to water 23 24 causing membranes to include more phospholipids that have unsaturated fatty acids causing an increase in the number of aquaporin molecules of collecting duct cells O decreasing the speed at which filtrate flows through the nephron leading to increased reabsorption of water stimulating the reabsorption of glucose through channel proteins

Any drug that blocks the release of ADH would increase urine volume and increase its concentration increase urine volume and decrease its concentration decrease urine volume and increase its concentration decrease urine yolume and

What is the main role of the hormone aldosterone in the human body the reabsorption of Na in the kidneys the secretion of K in the kidneys the excretion of water from the kidneys the reabsorption of urea in the collecting duct the reabsorption of glucose in the kidnou

The secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood when stimulated which enhance the fight or flight response of the SNS kidneys adrenal medulla adrenal cortex hypothalamus

Sympathetic ganglia are located very close to the CNS parasympathetic ganglia are close to the visceral organs served True False Question 28 2 points 4 Listen Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers True

hypothalamus loss of body temperature control dehydration loss of fine motor control sleep disturbances Question 30 2 points Listen as a result of an injury to the Damage to the primary somatic motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions True

Current Attempt in Progr In the diagram shown below which cellular junction will prevent acidic stomach fluid from seeping into the connective tissue OA OB OC DE AL BO