Human Physiology - Neural Control & Coordination Questions and Answers

How is a signal preserved when it has to travel a long distance to the effector muscle

How is a signal preserved when it has to travel a long distance to the effector muscle

How do neurons facilitate cell signaling and what role do neurotransmitters play in the transmission of signals between neurons otwork

Na channels open K channels open Na channels closed K channels open Na channels open K channels closed Na channels closed K channels closed rising phase resting potential Membrane potential mV 501 50 100 Time falling phase 1 dundershoot resting potential

There are many different types of nerve cells that allow our bodies to function One such cell ar astrocytes Please explain the function of astrocytes why this function is vital and how these cells accomplish this function

the definitions below with a term from the list given The dura mater that protects the brain is the touch outer layer The layer that protects the brain The meninges is the middle cushioning is the inner layer of the

Regarding behavioral therapy which of the following statements is FALSE In systematic desensitization the goal is to use relaxation as an incompatible response to fear in order to weaken the bonds between the frightening st and the fear response Behavior therapy is also referred to as behavior modification Since behavior therapy is focused on directly changing problem behaviors it tends to be relatively brief compared to other forms of therapy Aversive conditioning uses principles of operant conditioning to help people extinguish undesirable behaviors Gradual exposure can help people overcome specific phobias social phobias and post traumatic stress disorder

O centers of gray matter deep to the cortex tracts of white matter connecting different cortical centers collections of synapses along afferent sensory pathways collections of cell bodies in the brain stem Question 24 1 point Which brain area contains nuclei responsible for heart rate breathing rate and alertness the cerebellum the basal nuclei the reticular formation

dopaminergic cholinergic serotonergic adrenergic Question 30 1 point Which part of the retina gives you your best vision the choroid the ora serrata the fovea centralis the optic disc

What happens to the neuron s membr depolarization hyperpolarization no change in membrane potential Orepolarization Question 8 1 point Most neurons are this type of neuron Opseudounipolar multipolar

Numerous Xenopus cells were exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet light Som of the resulting cells were observed to lack nucleoli As a result one would expect that the cell could not synthesize ribosomal RNA Operform cellular respiration perform photosynthesis replicate its DNA

What is a recombinant or transgenic organism human cell DNA nucleus F O plasmid insulin gene recombinant DNA transgenic bacterium with plasmid containing insulin gene The ability for bacteria to secrete human insulin Recombinant bacteria gain ability to secrete human insulin O No answer text provided insulin An organism s DNA has been inserted into the DNA sequence of a different species An organism unicellular or multicellular that has received recombinant DNA

For each statement choose whether it applies to rods or cones 1000 do not work in the dark yield color vision give high resolution vision yield black and white vision cannot work in bright light present at the fovea centralis yield fuzzy vision 1 rods 2 cones

Figure 14 1 illustrates a reflex arc directing which organ O the stomach O the eye O the heart the liver

Looking at figure 13 12 which type of mechanoreceptor is found in the dermal papilla Ofree nerve endings O Merkel cell fibers O tactile corpuscles Ruffini endings

According to figure 13 11 open mechanically gated channels allow which type of ion to enter the neuron O potassium O sodium O chloride O calcium

The posterior root ganglion contains cell bodies of neurons 111 O pseudounipolar motor O multipolar motor multipolar sensory

Which nerve innervates both the quadriceps muscle group and the skin over the patella the tibial nerve the sciatic nerve the femoral nerve

Spinal nerve plexuses are formed out of O anterior roots O anterior rami O posterior roots O posterior rami

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm Othe phrenic nerve O the vagus nerve O the musculocutaneous nerve the sciatic nerve

A network of spinal nerves is a nerve O plexus O triad O system O division

Which cranial nerve is the longest O II optic OV trigeminal O VII facial vagus

A fascicle of axons is covered by O endoneurium O perineurium

Most nerves fall into this category O motor O sensory mixed

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is also known as the Autonomic Nervous System somatic sensory division O visceral sensory division Osomatic motor division visceral motor division

Which one of the following functions of CSF allows CSF to protect the brain from its own weight OCSF helps regulate electrolyte levels within the brain CSF allows the brain to float OCSF removes wastes CSF maintains a constant temperature within the cranial cavity

Ependymal cells are a type of neuroglia One of the functions of ependymal cells is to produce CSF from fluid that leaks out of the choroid plexus Where does CSF production occur in the ventricles in the epidural space O in the arachnoid granulations the dural sinuses O

Name the two structures of the brain that are directly concerned with maintaining your body s homeostasis the hypothalamus the reticular formation the thalamus the cerebellum

If you cut the brain in the midline between the two halves of the thalamus what structure do you cut through between those two halves the corpus callosum the hypothalamus the third ventricle the fourth ventricle

look at the inferior surface of the brain anterior to the optic chiasm pull apart the frontal parietal and temporal lobes make a midline incision through the corpus callosum follow the brainstem up from the sihinal cord

If you were to pull the cerebral cortex into the shape of a blanket rather than all of the ups and downs of gyri and sulci how big would it be 1 square foot 2 5 square feet 5 square feet 10 square feet

Place the events of the action potential in order voltage gated potassium channels open potassium channels re set themselves voltage gated sodium channels open local potential depolarization of the trigger zone sodium channels re set themselves

B Name 3 proteins in these signal transduction pathways that we discussed that have SH2 domains Discuss what these proteins bind to and their function in the signal transduction pathway The STATS bind to the receptor through their SH2 domain Then the JAKS phosphorylate the STATS Phosphorylation causes them to change shape dissociate away from the receptor and form a dimer through their SH2 domains They are able to be imported to the nucleus and act as transcription factors I C Explain which proteins the proteins named in part B bind to with their SH2 domains

pons midbrain brain stem cerebrum hypothalamus thalamus medulla oblongata cerebellum

Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the data table below which shows the volume and mass of three different samples A B and mineral pyrite Sample A B C Pyrite Volume cm 2 5 6 0 20 0 Mass g 12 5 30 0 100 0 Mass grams 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 Volume cm 15 2

Place the events of the action potential in order sodium channels re set themselves A 2 LY V 1 V U voltage gated sodium channels open potassium channels re set themselves local potential depolarization of the trigger zone voltage gated potassium channels open

Some axons are myelinated What is the purpose of myelination to receive signals from sensory receptors to speed the conduction of action potentials to provide nutrients to the axon to transport proteins made in the cell body

Question 11 1 point There are 25 O O O O 10 20 times as many neuroglial cells in the CNS than there are neurons

Match the function with the neuroglial cell that performs the function the macrophages of the CNS produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid CSF wrap foot processes around the brain s capillaries produce myelin for CNS axons 1 astrocyte 2 oligodendrocyte 3 microglial cell 4 ependymal cell

Match the structural region of a neuron with its general function 1 3 2 Y V axon terminals cell body axon 1 receptive 2 conductive 3 secretory

Neurons that carry touch sensations from your skin are typically which type multipolar bipolar

Match each structure with its components 2 V 4 1 3 cell bodies in the PNS Peripheral nervous system axons in the CNS Icell bodies in the CNS axons in the PNS 1 nucleus of the CNS not the cell or the atom 2 ganglion 3 nerve 4 tract

Most neurons are which type Opseudounipolar neurons unipolar neurons bipolar neurons

Question 1 In some cases just a few hormone molecules binding to the surface of a cell can trigger a very large response because O each hormone can bind to transcription factorssimultaneously causing amplification of the signal O the signal is amplified by activation of enzymes that each catalyze multiple reactions the hormone triggers the cell to release more hormones amplifying the signal O the signal is amplified by activation of transcription factors that each catalyze multiple reactions O each hormone can bind to multiple receptors simultaneously causing amplification of the signal

When a neurotransmitter released from one neuron binds to a O voltage gated ion channel O nuclear receptor O ligand gated ion channel O G protein coupled receptor O enzyme linked receptor on a secondneuron that neuron depolarizes and fires

In small groups students will a create a paragraph addressing the following question Why does how we approach fear matter

Which of these muscles is involved in mastication O temporalis Osternocleidomastoid O trapezius O diaphragm Question 4 1 point Listen Which of these muscles extends the head O the sternocleidomastoid the scalenes the trapezius the tibialis anterior

When the action potential stops the muscle will relax The calcium ions are pumpec back into the O rough endoplasmic reticulum Olysosomes peroxisome sarcoplasmic reticulum

Look at Figure 10 14 the Neuromuscular Junction NMJ Where is the NMJ located at the plasma membrane of the muscle cell on either end of the muscle fiber at the triad made of 2 terminal cisternae and 1 T tubule at the mitochondria of the muscle cell

How does neurotransmitter released by the neuron at the NMJ cause a signal at tl motor end plate the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the motor end plate the neurotransmitter diffuses through the motor end plate the neurotransmitter activates an enzyme on the motor end plate the neurotransmitter activates a transcription factor