Plant Physiology - Respiration Questions and Answers

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disease most commonly linked to a muta tion in the mitochondrial enzyme that causes the enzyme to no longer function properly As a result of the mutation affected individuals build up dangerous amounts of lactic acid Which of the following best explains the buildup of lactic acid in affected individuals with the mutation A Cells undergo glycolysis due to a buildup of pyruvate in affected individuals with the mutation B C D Cells cannot transport pyruvate to the mitochondria without pyruvate dehydrogenase so pyruvate is broken down to lactic acid and ethanol Cells use lactic acid to divert electrons from pyruvate to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria Cells must go through lactic acid fermentation because pyruvate cannot be metabolized to proceed into the Krebs cycle

1 What are the 2 products of pyruvate in both and aerobic anaerobic conditions 2 Is NADH reduced by hydrogenase True or false

us Beijernik considers Mayers findings and filters sap from infected tobacco plants to find the poison or what he called A a toxin B a protist C a virus D a cell

Photons of light are used to split during photosynthesis A water molecules C oxygen molecules B pyruvate D carbon dioxide molecules

Respiratory System Explain the functions of the organ system List and explain the major organs and their function in each system Describe the basic structure of at least one organ in each system Describe a disease associated with each system Name of disease description of disease mode of action How the system helps the body to maintain homeostasis

A cell is performing aerobic respiration After glucose has been fully oxidized to carbon dioxide via glycolysis pyruvate processing the citric acid cycle but before the story of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation where is the majority of the energy that was originally found in the glucose pyright 2022 O In the CO2 generated O In oxygen O In the ATP produced via glycolysis and the citric acid cycle v

Please select the best terms to complete the following sentence In photosynthesis photosystem II produces Select and the Calvin cycle produces Select Select sugars NADH NADPH ATP CO2 photosystem I produces Select

The energy held in the chemical carbon carbon and carbon hydrogen bonds of organic molecules represents be harvested by a cell via its central metabolic pathways Othermal O electromagnetic O kinetic O potential energy that ca

E coli is a species of bacteria that under the appropriate growth conditions is capable of growing using fermentation anaerobic respiration or aerobic respiration Which of these processes yields the least amount of energy per glucose molecule for E coli O They all yield the same amount of energy O Anaerobic respiration O Aerobic respiration O Fermentation

As electrons move down the electron transport chain they give up energy What is this energy used for Oto pump protons across the membrane to make ATP directly through substrate level phosphorylation to form oxygen as a waste product to give the drive to directly attach ADP to P

READING TOOL Compare and Contrast As you read your textbook compare and fermentation and cellular respiration using the Venn diagram Make sure to list the similarities in the center of the diagram Cellular Respiration Fermentation

Which reaction is catalysed by the enzyme RuBisCO O a carboxylation of ribulose 1 5 bisphosphate O b conversion of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to ribulose 5 phosphate O c phosphorylation of ribulose 5 phosphate O d reduction of 1 3 pbisphosphoglycerate O e phosphorylation of 3 phosphoglycerate

A physiologist observes that as a subject exercises their rate of breathing increases The physiologist then comes up with a possible explanation for this observation In other words she Multiple Choice O O C rejected the hypothesis collected data based on her experiments and rejected the hypothesis tested the hypothesis through experimentation developed a hypothesis

In step 1 of the citric acid cycle citrate is generated by the enzyme citrate synthase The enzyme combines 1 two carbon acetyl group from acetyl CoA and the four carbon oxaloacetate What is the source of energy tha drives this reaction forward a high energy phosphodiester bond a transfer of high energy electrons a high energy thioester bond the heat of molecular collision

What three mechanisms regulate the activity of enzymes required for the Calvin Benson Cycle phosphorylation of enzymes by RuBisCo kinase reduction of disulfide bonds that inhibit enzyme activity enzyme activators that are present at higher levels in the light enzyme inhibitors that are expressed at higher levels in the absence of light increased pH in the thylakoid lumen and increased Mn2 in the stroma activation of enzymes owing to elevation of pH and Mg2 in the stroma oxidation of reduced thiols by reduced thioredoxin dephosphorylation of enzymes by RuBisCo phosphatase

2 a Some cells that use the Kreb s cycle and the respiratory chain can also thrive using fermentation under anaerobic conditions Explain how these cells are still able to function under these conditions