Human Physiology - Digestion Questions and Answers

2 In order to digest food the human body requires OA enzyme catalysts to speed up reactions OB physical reactions in the stomach lining OC high activity to burn off energy OD sleep to perform the necessary break down of molecules in food

Gastroparesis is a condition that causes a partial paralysis of the stomach The stomach has reduced ability to contract to move food through the digestive system Some common symptoms of gastroparesis are abdominal pain nausea and feeling full after eating a small amount of food What would be the most likely cause of this condition OA O B damage to nerves that control the stomach lack of enzymes in the small intestine OC lack of pancreatic juices and bile OD damage to the mucus lining of the stomach

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Ms B is a non drinker but has had several episodes of temporary upper left quadrant pain after eating fatty meals The last episode didn t go away Her pain has gotten worse all night She s doubled up and leaning forward pale and sweating Her BP is low and HR high What is the most likely cause for her signs O a SN activation caused by the pain O b Malabsorbtion caused by pancreatic enzyme deficiency c Insulin deficiency

Rate of flow of saliva In the production of saliva the acinar cells actively transport ions from the blood plasma into the ducts of the salivary gland resulting in water being drawn into the ducts by osmosis As this saliva moves down the duct some ions are re absorbed but the amount that can be re absorbed depends on the rate of flow of saliva 50 7 0 6 0 50 3 0 10 100 Concentral Your answer 50 150 L HOO K 200 HCO 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Graph A below shows how the composition of saliva varies depending on the rate of flow of saliva Graph B shows the composition of blood plasma Concentration mmol L a Outline the relationship between the concentration of Cl in saliva and 2 points the rate of flow of saliva b If the rate of flow of saliva is 2 0 mL min identify the concentration of point

D 1 This is a true choose your answer Trypsinogen C Chymotrypsin E B statement D is not able to break down proteins amino acids 2 A E are all zymogens except for 3 A is trypsin 4 E is enterokinase

A major property of all fermented foods is that they O Become drier O Are sweeter O Are saltier

Question 11 Which of the following examples is an example of epistasis epistatic effects O Individuals who have a heritable form of diabetes caused by a dominant allele vary significantly in their degree of sickness disease effects because those who eat much healthier and exercise regularly have better health and longer life than those who do not eat well or exercise regularly O Many long neck promoting and growth promoting alleles accumulate in a population of animals such as the ancestors of giraffes and over time the higher frequency of all these alles several genes results in a population of long necked individuals The recessive cystic fibrosis allele is removed from a population every time an individual which is homozygous for the disease allele does not reproduce In Himalayan Snow Leopards the production of Melanine is dictated by the expression of a single gene

Identify the incorrect statement o the esophagus carries air to and from the lungs the alveoll are where gas exchange occurs in the lungs in the nasal passageway is considered part of the respiratory tract o the alveoli are surrounded by capillaries Previs

Different tissues come together to form organs 2 Structures in the digestive system such as the esophagus stomach and intestines are lined with tissue that binds it to through the digestive system tissue On the other side of this tissue is tissue which contracts and relaxes in order to move food

The stomach secretes one of the strongest acids known hydrochloric acid HCI a What is the role of HCI in gastrointestinal tract function b Why is the wall of the stomach not digested by this strong acid c Why is the small intestine SI not damaged by HCl as acid enters the SI from the stomach

The GI tract or digestive system consists of the tract plus the accessory organs of digestion Digestion involves the until they can be tract also called the and of food into smaller and smaller components into the body 6 steps of the digestive system ingestion propulsion digestion chemical digestion mechanical absorption defecation

Human digestion Click Reset and Clear screen Introduction Now that you have explored a model of human digestion it is time to apply what you have learned to the real human digestive system Goal Describe the human digestive system 1 Label Label Based on what you have learned identify the organs of the human digestive system 45 2 Think and discuss Why is it important that the mouth and stomach are near the start of the digestive system

Absorption Click Reset and Clear screen ntroduction Digesting nutrients into simple carbohydrates amino acids and fatty acids is important but it doesn t matter unless the nutrients get into the bloodstream to feed body cells This process is called absorption Question How are nutrients absorbed 1 Observe Look through the descriptions of the large and small organs A Which of the large organs allow nutrients and water to pass through their walls B Which of the small organs transport absorbed nutrients to the bloodstream 2 Set up the Gizmo Create the digestive system shown The small intestine has three parts the duodenum attached to the stomach the jejunum the middle portion and the ilium attached to the large intestine Drag the Pecan pie to the mouth Test each of the scenarios below For each setup record the nutrients that are absorbed by the system Be sure to look at the Absorbed row of the Analysis table Scenario Capillaries attached to the small intestine segments only Capillaries attached to the large intestine only Lymphatic vessels attached to the small intestine segments only no capillaries Current Absorbe Lymphatic vessels attached to the large intestine only no capillaries Sugars Amino Fatty acids acids Water

21 In 1918 19 a n case of influenza A virus strain H1N1 killed millions of people worldwide a endemic b epidemic c outbreak pandemic e sporadic causes host actin polymerization that propels the bacterial cells through epithelial cells 22 of the intestine a Staphylococcus aureus b Mycobacterium tuberculosis c Streptococcus pyogenes Shigella dysenteriae e Escherichia coli 23 allows for resistance against drugs such as penicillin a Lysozyme b Catalase B lactamase d C5A peptidase e Peroxidase

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