Biological Classification Questions and Answers

A colleague asks you to interpret an acid fast stain on a patient s sputum sample What is your interpretation The patient does NOT have a mycobacterium infection There are acid fast cells but they don t look like mycobacteria The patient HAS a mycobacterium infection They must have messed up this can t be an acid fast stain

On his voyage Darwin made observations about various living organisms One specific or ganism that Darwin observed was the Galapagos finch Darwin hypothesized that the finches on the Galapagos Islands differentiated into different species over time Which of the following aspects of the environment did Darwin hypothesize had caused spe ciation in the finches on the Galapagos Islands A B C D Each species of Galapagos finch evolved from a different species from the mainland which each had evolved differently based on the food source available to each species Darwin had mistaken the birds to be different species although the birds were the same species with variation of coloration depending on the environment Each species was found on a different island Because the populations were separated from each other they acquired different changes from each other over time Because each species had a different food source each parent bird gained advanta geous changes during its lifetime for using that food source which it passed onto its

A population of giraffes lives in a specific environment that contains trees of various heights A flood occurs in the area causing the shorter plants to die and only the tall trees to remain After many generations it is found that giraffes living in the environment have longer necks on average than giraffes living in the same environment before the flood Based on the scenario above which type of selection occurred in the population after the flood A B C stabilizing selection directional selection destabilizing selection

A specific forest has a gross primary productivity of 187 J m day and 93 J m day worth of carbon dioxide flows out of the forest Based on this information what is the net primary productivity of the forest

Which of the following statements correctly compares r selected and K selected species A In general K selected species tend to have a longer lifespan than r selected species since K selected species invest more time into caring for their young B In general r selected species must use more energy to care for offspring than K se lected species since r selected species produce large amounts of offspring C In general K selected species are better at surviving in unstable environments since these species put more care into their young to guarantee survival D In general r selected species include organisms such as primates and sharks while K selected species include organisms such as rodents and fish

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased substantially since the be ginning of the industrial era Carbon dioxide concentrations have risen from 280 ppm in the late 1700s to 414 ppm in 2021 which is a 48 percent increase Almost all of this in crease is attributed to human activities Which of the following is true about how increased human activity has affected the carbon cycle A B C D To counteract the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere producers must perform photosynthesis at a higher rate Fewer volcanic eruptions have occurred over time due to too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere Due to the increase in carbon dioxide emissions the ocean has become more acidic over time Acid rain has declined over time due to the increase in carbon dioxide emissions by

A mutation occurs in an algal cell that causes a structural change in the thylakoid mem brane The mutation causes the thylakoid membrane to become more permeable to hy drogen ions H Which of the following is the most likely direct effect of the mutation in the algal cell A B C D The chloroplasts will produce less ATP Chlorophyll will require less light energy to excite electrons The algal cells will generate less NADPH The cells will split fewer water molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen MO

The brown anole Anolis sagrei is an invasive species found in the southeastern United States The brown anole originated in the Caribbean but was likely introduced in the southeastern United States due to the escaping of a brown anole which was owned as a pet The brown anole like many other invasive species quickly spread to new territory Green anoles Anolis carolinensis which are native to the southeastern United States are now competing with brown anoles for resources such as food water and territory Although the green anole and the brown anole are similar in appearance there are some differences between the two species A comparison of the characteristics of each lizard species can be seen in the table below In anoles small toe pads are better for gripping irregular surfaces such as the forest floor while large toe pads are better for gripping smooth surfaces such as leaves Anole Species Brown Green A B Body Length C 5 0 8 5 in 4 0 8 0 in Limb Length Long Short Toe Pad Size Medium Large Temperature Tolerance Based on the data in the table above if brown anoles are introduced into a forest where green anoles cur rently live which of the following predictions about the two species is most likely to occur 30 35 degrees Celsius 25 30 degrees Celsius Brown anoles will mostly prey on flying insects and green anoles will prey on worms and grubs reducing competition for the same resource Green anoles are better adapted to the forest habitat and will chase away the intro duced brown anoles Green anoles and brown anoles will evolve to have the same size toe pads due to them sharing the same niche

A The job of a taxonomist is to identify all living things using binomial nomenclature For example the scientific name for a black rhinoceros is Diceros bicornis which bicornis is the genus B family C species

Which of the following is NOT a kingdom used in taxonomy A Protista B Plantae C Fungi D Eukarya

15 1 Bacteria Although two major groups of prokaryotes are now recognized we will study the bacteria as a represente vo prokaryote Most bacteria are saprotrophic meaning that they send out digestive enzymes into the environm and thereafter take up the resulting nutrient molecules Saprotrophic organisms are decomposers that play utilizin major role in ecosystems by digesting the remains of deal organs and returning inorganic nutrients t Photosynthetic organisms Some bacteria are parasitic and care aces such as strep throat or gangrer inorganic molecules Cyanobacteria are always photosynthetic They contain chlorophyll but the green color is often masked by other pigments In fact some cyanobacteria are red brown or even black Several techniques are used to identify bacteria three methods are demonstrated in this laboratory Ciram colony shape of cell Gram Stain Most bacterial cells are protected by a cell wall that contains a unique molecule called peptidoglycan Bacteria are commonly differentiated by using the Gram stain procedure which distinguishes bacteria with a thick layer of peptidoglycan Gram positive from those that have a thin layer of peptidoglycan Gram negative in their cell wall Gram positive bacteria retain a crystal violet iodine complex and stain blue purple whereas Gram negative bacteria decolorize and counterstain red pink with safranin Fig 15 2 Figure 15 2 Generalized structure of a bacterium a Gram positive cells have a thick layer of peptidoglycan b Gram negative cells have a very thin layer of peptidoglycan c This difference causes Gram positive cells to stain purple and Gram negative cells to stain reddish pink ja ASM Science Source peptidoglycan plasma membrane a Gram positive cell outer membrane peptidoglycan plasma membrane b Gram negative cell c Micrograph of Gram stained bacteria Observation Gram Staining Examine prepared slides under high power Note the color differences Fig 15 2c Study the directions for Gram staining on the next page Why do the Gram positiva gall CO

Which of the following is the most basic level of biodiversity A ecosystem B genes C species D marine pH

POSSIBLE POINTS 0 4 Ecosystems are dynamic they are always changing and most changes occur naturally over time However natural disasters and human activities may dramatically alter an ecosystem O True O False

After conjugation with an F donor an F is into an F which can then transmit its DNA with other bacteria A transduced B recombined C injected

Which of the following is FALSE regarding bacterial and eukaryotic DNA A both are circular B both have a double helix C both have hydrogen bonds D both have A C I and G

Humans are not typically infected with bugs most illnesses are caused by bacteria or A protista B viruses C archaea