Ecology - General Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes energy in a system? Energy is always changing in ways that are unpredictable Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred or converted The total energy of a system is always slowly decreasing The total energy of a system is always slowly increasing

The specific FDA ruling was made because a. The was no data/evidence that the activity of triclosan in the products had any benefits to health b. the triclosan ingredient made the products too expensive for the average family c. the agency needed to protect the supplies of triclosan for use in more critical situations, like pandemics. d, the liberal government agency wants to protect all wildlife, even nasty germs.

Why was triclosan allowed to remain in Colgate Total tooth paste? a. The ingredient was shown by scientific data to provide protection against gingivitis, a common gum disease. b. The Colgate company provided lunches and gifts to the FDA commissioners. c. The cost of the triclosan in the toothpaste was negligible and didn't pose a hardship on consumers d. The triclosan was necessary for marketing purposes so the product would be purchased by a lot of customers

a) Nucleotides are the building blocks for the genetic molecules (DNA/RNA). What are the three essential components that make up these types of molecules? b) Draw the structures of only three of the following bio-molecules: (1) NADP+, (2) ATP, (3) Coenzyme A, and (4) FAD. What are these four abbreviations stand for?

Renaissance ideas were spread through trade (people doing business), travel (people going to new places), and education (people teaching new ideas and skills to each other). Which invention of the Renaissance Period helped most to spread ideas and discoveries? taller church buildings with balconies overlooking an entire city long lasting oil paints wooden ships the printing press with movable type (metal letters)

Which of these is a BIOTIC factor that can affect the size of a predator population? The number of prey organisms The amount of water available The number of fires a year

Two students are planning an experiment that will test how planaria (aquatic flatworms) respond to different environments. They will conduct two investigations-one that tests the worms' responses to different water temperatures and one that tests the worms' responses to different levels of acidity. Student 1 wants to buy two groups of flatworms and use a different group for each investigation. Student 2 thinks the same group of worms should be used for both investigations. Do you think either student's method would give more accurate results? Why or why not? Explain your response.

A model is a simplified representation of reality that highlights certain key features of a phenomenon. A good model helps us to better understand and visualize a phenomenon. Two different models of succession on abandoned farm fields in the northeastern US are shown in this handout: the figure on page 1 and the graph on page 2. What important points about succession are illustrated by the figure on page 1? What additional important points about succession are illustrated by the graph on page 2? What additional important points about succession are not included in any of these models?

How would a geologists determine the age of fossils that are 100,000 years old that are not found in volcanic rock? radiopotassium radiocarbon they bracket them by taking the age of the above layer and the age of the lower level and average them to get an approximate age on the fossil

Which statement best defines a travelogue? A travelogue is the place in which a fictional story or a play is set. A travelogue is a piece of writing or a lecture about a trip or journey. A travelogue is an informational text describing a particular country's culture. A travelogue is an essay that compares and contrasts two cultures.

What does the Principle of Association tell us about fossils? The older deposits are more deeply buried while the younger deposits are more shallowly buried. The younger deposits are more deeply buried while the older deposits are more shallowly buried. Things found in the same sediment were deposited at different times. Things found in the same sediment were deposited at the same time.

Use the Internet to research Dmitri Mendeleyev, the Russian chemist credited with the discovery of the periodic table of the elements. Write a brief paragraph describing Mendeleyev's life and work. Include how he became a chemistry professor and how he came up with the idea for the periodic table.

Suppose you have equal amounts of calcium, Ca, in two beakers. In one beaker, you react the calcium with oxygen, O. In the other beaker, you react the calcium with sulfur, S. The reaction with oxygen forms the compound calcium oxide, CaO. a. What do you predict is the chemical formula of the compound formed from the reaction between calcium and sulfur? b. Which compound has more mass, the compound containing calcium and or the compound containing calcium and sulfur? Explain your thinking. oxygen,

An instrument that is used to keep large bacterial populations in log phase is called an Coulter counter removes waste and adds fresh nutrients can only be used with an anaerobic bacteria two of the above

Study the argument, and choose the appropriate option. Premise 1: No birds are yellow in color. Premise 2: All parrots are birds. Conclusion: All parrots are not yellow in color. The argument is valid but unsound. The argument is invalid. The argument is valid and sound.

What technique is used in these lines from Wuthering Heights? "An awful Sunday,' commented the paragraph beneath. I wish my father were back again. Hindley is a detestable substitute." The speaker is reading a memory. He is narrating a dream. It is a glimpse of the future. All of the choices

What would be a negative consequence of the kelp forest ecosystem falling out of balance? A. Increased wave height and intensity B. A loss of diversity within the ecosystem C. An increase in the sea urchin population D. All of the above

You are studying a population of wild coyotes and notice that every three years there is an epidemic of a bacterial disease. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this periodic cycling of the disease? New coyotes, which are susceptible to the disease, are continuously born into the population. Coyotes are dying from other causes over time. A During an outbreak, the proportion of coyotes who are infected slowly falls as they recover. Coyotes from other populations who have already been infected and recovered from the disease immigrate into the study population.

Aviolently rotating column of air is formed around a region of extremely low air pressure above land. Which of these weather conditions is most likely to follow? Blizzard Cyclone Tornado Hurricane

Isabella works for an environmental safety group. Her group wants to answer the question "To what lengths should we go to protect plants and animals?" Why is her group's research question flawed? They will never be able to determine a means of protecting plants and animals. The question is based on their bias as members of an environmental group. The study can only be based on observation with this question. They are trying to answer an ethical question, not a scientific one.

Which of the following is a limitation of using models in science? Easier and less expensive to work with Must assume some simplifications of complex issues Ability to test and redesign experiments quickly Ability to simulate a smaller portion of a large system

Select the correct answer. As an environmental scientist, Mike wants to address the issue of climate change. Studying which aspect will help Mike address the issue? A. higher levels of ultraviolet rays reaching Earth B.higher number of fish eaters c. emission of greenhouse gases D. burning of forests

What are the two main causes of excessive carbon dioxide contributing to the greenhouse effect? Humans and other animals exhaling carbon dioxide Decomposing organic matter and mining activities Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation Natural ecosystems and agricultural systems

Cutting down a rain forest and planting agricultural crops, such as coffee plants, would most likely result in a. a decrease in biodiversity b. an increase in the amount of energy recycled c. a decrease in erosion d. an increase in the amount of photosynthesis

In Virginia, water has eroded underground areas of limestone to form large 2 points caves and caverns. The water must have carbon dioxide to wear away the limestone. The carbon dioxide is necessary to raise the temperature of the water so it will flow even in the winter reduce friction and make the water flow faster form a weak acid in the water that reacts with the limestone to dissolve it allow bacteria to grow and attack the limestone

population, the marsh grass could not grow to its full height. This was faced in its ecosystem re-creation project. 1. What does the word "endangered" mean? 2. Why wouldn't the birds nest in the grass?

Why is environmental science important? Environmental science addresses strategies so we utilize our natural resources efficiently. It also provides us with knowledge on how to lead an lifestyle.

Select the correct answer. A group of environmental activists in West Virginia wants to save a large forest. Which act will help them in this activity? A. Nature Conservancy B. Toxic Substances Control Act C. Eastern Wilderness Areas Act D. Endangered Species Act

Based on the political cartoon in Source C, the cartoonist most likely believed that... Incorporation frees states to make their own decisions. Incorporation holds federal and state governments to the same standards in implementing the Bill of Rights. Incorporation binds states to the Federal Government rather than the Bill of Rights. Incorporation binds states to the Bill of Rights rather than the Federal Government.

In the autumn, many birds will collect seeds and then hide them in various caches throughout their habitat. The birds will guard their caches from other birds, and move the caches if they start to dry out. These caches provide a food source for the birds during the winter. What is an abiotic factor that contributed to the evolution of this set of behaviors? A) cold winter climate B) limited food availability C) competition with other birds for space D) being preyed upon by larger birds

What is coalescence? Based on average times to coalescence, which processes would require more sampling to detect: a recent expansion of species' geographic range, or an ancient population fragmentation event? Briefly explain why

A science class has an aquarium in which fish and aquatic plants are growing. How is carbon dioxide directly involved in the survival of organisms in the aquarium? A) The fish must absorb carbon dioxide through their gills for energy. B) Both the plants and the fish need carbon dioxide to make their own nutrients. C) The plants need carbon dioxide to make sugar. D) The plants release carbon dioxide into the water to control the water temperature.

Agricultural runoff can carry fertilizers into lakes and streams. This runoff can cause algae populations to greatly increase. What effect does this change in the algae population most likely have on lakes and streams? A) It causes an increase in water level. B) It causes an increase in water clarity. C) It reduces the dissolved oxygen needed by fish and shellfish. D) It reduces the temperature variations near the surface of the water.

Which of the following describes the coral reef biome? A) has different levels based on how much sunlight reaches that depth and is the largest marine biome. B) located in the photic zone and warm tropical waters with build up of many layers of dead cnidarians. C) found where land and water meet and is covered by water at high- tide then dry at low-tide. D) where freshwater streams meet the ocean and is a breeding and feeding spot for birds and fish.

In hot weather, there is_________dissolved oxygen in water. A. maximum B. less C. equal amounts D. no

Which of the following is NOT applicable in the United States? A. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) B. Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) C. National Park Service (NPS) D. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Carbon that is not fixed is of little use to animals. a) True b) False

Describe the lytic cycle OR the lysogenic. Be sure to include what type of virus is involved and what type of cell?

How did the water mold that causes late potato blight impact American history? What is the link between the Chernobyl nuclear accident s the Sami people that live in Norway and Sweden?

If you do the Kirby Bauer Test in the lab (i.e. not online), independently of the size of the inhibition halo, any clear area of no growth surrounding the disk with antibiotic indicates that the bacterium is susceptible True False

When a speaker shows partial agreement with a point, what is she doing? OA. Qualifying a point OB. Justifying a point C. Using deductive reasoning D. Using inductive reasoning

What is the function of a claim in an argumentative essay? The claim is the assertion one makes in an argument. A claim tells the reader what the writer's thesis or conclusion is about the topic. The claim is the thesis or main point of the argumentative essay. All of the choices

Column A 1.What does supply mean? 2.What does demand mean? 3.What are "wants"? 4.What is a "good"? 5.What are "services"? 6.What is economics? 7.What are resources? 8.What are natural resources? 9.What is "labor"? 10.What is "capital"? 11.What is 'scarcity"? 12.Traditional economy 13.market economy 14.command economy 15. mixed market economy 16.trade-off 17. opportunity cost Column B a. the study of how people choose to use their limited resources to satisfy their unlimited wants b. has elements of all 3 economies c.the amount of something that is available d.the cost of the next-best use of your money or time when you choose to do one thing rather than another e. work that is done for us f.buildings and tools g.planners who work for the government answer the questions h. the economic questions are answered on the basis of habit or custom i.individuals and businesses own the resources used to provides goods and services j.workers and their abilities k.occurs whenever we do not have enough resources to produce all of the things we would like to have l.giving up one alternative good or service for another m. the nation's land and all of the materials nature provides that can be used to make goods or services n. desires that people have that can be met by getting a product or a service o. things that we can touch or hold p. the things that can be used in making products or services that people want q. how much people want of something

As a cT air mass advances into the same area as an mP air mass, what can be expected to happen? The mP air mass will be undercut by the warmer, more dense air of the cT air mass. The CT air mass will erode from the moisture of the mP air mass. The CT air mass will rise over the mP air mass and erode it from the top-down. The mP air mass will not move, resulting in a stationary front between them.

Which of these -statements best explains the shape of Earth? Because of its rotation about its axis, Earth has a greater circumference around the Prime Meridian than around the equator. Because of its rotation about its axis, Earth has a greater circumference around the equator than around the Prime Meridian. Because of its revolution around the sun, Earth has a greater circumference around the equator than around the Prime Meridian. Because of its revolution around the sun, Earth has a greater circumference around the Prime Meridian than around the equator.

How did construction of dams and canals in Washington most benefit farms? They ensured that droughts would never happen. They stopped diseases from getting into crops. They stored and carried water to the farms. They generated power to help run the farms.

Which evidence from the text BEST supports the inference that the narrator's brother is unconcerned about the narrator's feelings? AKS 1 A. "He crunched that toast like his mouth was running on electric power." (paragraph 2) B. "Yo, bro, dude, uh," mumbled my brother..." (paragraph 5) C. "...projecting bread crumbs from his mouth." (paragraph 5) D. But before I could finish, he put up his hand in front of my face and said, "Yo, talk to the hand. I'm outta here." (paragraph 9)

Researchers studying two different species of Darwin's finches found that they have similar beak sizes when each lives by itself on a different island in the Galapagos. On one island, both species are present. What did researchers find happened? the finches decided to share the available food sources one species developed a slighty larger beak, and the other developed a slighty smaller beak so that they could eat different foods both species developed larger beaks to effectively fight off any competition one species is being driven to extinction

A researcher noted that in many small ponds fish species A preyed on several smaller species, B, C, D, E, and F. She suspects that species A might be a keystone predator in the pond communities. What kind of experiment could you suggest to test whether this hypothesis is valid? If A is a keystone predator, how would you expect the experiment to turn out?

Which of the examples below provides appropriate abiotic and biotic factors that might determine the distribution of the species in question? available sunlight and increased salinity in the top few meters of the ocean, and the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton communities the pH and dissolved oxygen concentration, and the streams in which brook trout can live the number of frost-free days, and competition between species of introduced grasses and native alpine grasses the amount of nitrate and phosphate in the soil, and wildflower abundance and diversity increased predation and decreased food availability, and a prairie dog population after a prairie fire