Evolution Questions and Answers

28 Explain and draw a picture of how bacteria can evalve quickly to have a specific gene trait

Present time 25 million years ago 50 million years ago 75 million years ago 100 million years ago An Evolutionary Tree M H What does A represent which are more closely related H and K or J and K Why What is species Nin relation to O and PV Which organisms are still lving today E 24 what does it mean that something on the same branch 25 What does it mean something doesn t reach the top of the tree 26 How do we place organises on branchest

10 What biochemical similarities have scientists used to show common ancestry 11 What is gel electrophoresis 12 Explain what the process of natural selection is based on 13 What happens if a species can t adapt in a changing environment 14 What happens when a species is more successful than another 15 How do genetic variations occur 16 Give an example of some mutagens 17 How does sexual reproduction lead to variation 18 Explain the phrase survival of the fittest dant

1 Define evolution the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth 2 Where do these changes occur Where there are variations in the genetic makeup among organisms that 3 What is the result of variation 4 Explain the process of natural selection 5 What evidence do we have of evolution 6 Where do we find fossils 7 How can it be concluded that certain species have a common ancestor 8 If 2 species are more closely related would they share more or less DNA

Select the correct answer In a certain forest elephants and deer were feeding on certain types of plants This plant community was larger than the elephant or deer population However due to extensive logging in that area the number of plants declined This impacted the availability of food for the elephants and the deer The elephants started overpowering the deer for food and eventually the deer started disappearing from the forest What does the disappearance of deer indicate O A intraspecific competition B resource partitioning C competitive exclusion D competitive inclusion

2 2 4 Quiz Population Genetics This histogram presents data on the lengths of housefly wings Wing lengths are recorded to the nearest 0 1 mm Number 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Housefly Wing Lengths 3 7 3 8 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 5 6 Wing length mm Which range in the histogram represents the mode phenotype for this population

Which statement best describes Anthony s point of view about people s rights People had to fight the government to gain their rights A B C D Part B A B People already had rights before governments were formed Which sentence from the passage best supports the answer to Part A C People earned their rights by participating in government People were given rights by democratic governments It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting I not only committed no crime but instead simply exercised my citizen s right guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution beyond the power of any State to deny Before governments were organized no one denies that each individual possessed the right to protect his own life liberty and property They agree to abandon the methods of brute force in the adjustment of their differences and adopt those of civilization It was we the people not we the white male citizens nor yet we the male citize hut we the whole people who formed this Union

Counties draw their power from O the state O the people O the U S Constitution O township boards

What are the three traits that make humans unique from our primate relatives And what evidence has allowed scientists to conclude that the common ancest of modern chimps and humans lived around 7 million years ago

Which option best describes an example of homologous structures A Pelvic spurs in snakes and wisdom teeth in humans B A bat s wing and a butterfly s wing both used to fly OC A shark s tail fin and a horse s hoof both containing cartilage D A human arm and a cat s foreleg which contain similar bones

After observing the differences in domed and saddleback tortoises in the Gal pagos Islands what did Darwin conclude OA The tortoises share a common ancestor and diverged after arriving on the islands B The tortoises were two separate species that had not changed for millions of years C The tortoises are the same species that have different traits D The tortoises were unrelated but they developed similar traits when they reached the islands

How did Darwin relate the formation of a mountain range to the formation of new living species A He inferred that both require powerful rapid processes to create change B He determined that geological processes happened long ago while biological processes are recent events C He concluded that both happen as the result of small changes that accumulate over a long time D He assumed that biological changes happen suddenly as a result of slow geological processes

How do analogous structures serve as evidence to support the theory of evolution through natural selection A Structures with no observable function are the result of natural selection selecting against certain traits OB Similar structures with different functions are evidence of common ancestry OC Different structures with similar functions are the result of adapting to similar environments OD Similar structures with similar functions are the result of natural selection selecting for certain traits

Which of these did Darwin use as evidence to support his theory of natural selection OA The similarities between Gal pagos finches and other species of small birds B The similarities in the foods available to Gal pagos finches C The variety of traits found in Gal pagos finches D The fossil record of a common ancestor of Gal pagos finches

Darwin explain the difference between artificial selection and natural selection OA Traits are chosen by humans in artificial selection but traits are influenced by the environment in natural selection B Traits develop during an organism s lifetime in artificial selection but traits are passed on to offspring in natural selection OC Traits are chosen at random in artificial selection but traits are chosen deliberately in natural selection D Selected traits are always beneficial in artificial selection while selected traits can be harmful or beneficial in natural selection

Which of the following events do biologists consider a random change OA disruptive selection OB speciation OC directional selection OD genetic drift

Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in it specific environment OA adaptation B fitness OC diversity D evolution

Who wrote The Origin of Species after traveling around the world on the HMS Beagle A Mendel B Wilmut C Watson Crick D Darwin

What well known group went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period A The dinosaurs B The trilobites C The cave bears D The sabertooth cats and mastodons

Giraffes have long necks because A they need long necks to reach high leaves on trees so they grew them the males use their long necks and reinforced bony skulls to fight with other males and they don t eat only leaves c B tall trees and in some areas they don t eat high leaves at all The male that wins gets to mate with the females and pass on his genes A combination of some giraffes had longer necks and were better able to survive because they could reach the tall trees and males fighting with other males for a mate contribute to the long necks some ancestral giraffes had long necks and some had short necks and the ones with the long necks were better able to survive because they could reach leaves on tall trees

Cacti in the deserts of southwestern North America and some euphorbs in the deserts of Africa have barrel shaped stems short lived leaves and spines yet these two types of plant are from different evolutionary lineages The similar morphology of the two groups of plants is an example of directional selection convergent evolution O stabilizing selection O a developmental homology

1 What would happen to Wade if he s found trying to leave with the stolen flash drive 2 How long had Wade been undercover as indentured

class a student asks his teacher Once scientists gather enough data and evidence supp student s scientific theory of evolution will it become the scientific law of evolution Which is the best response to this student s question A Yes once scientists collect theories can B No scientific theories are more widely accepted than scientific laws so changing a theory to a law is like going backwards C Yes laws are more reliable than theories and it is important to keep collecting data so that all scientific theories will eventually become scientific laws D No scientific theories explain how something might happen and scientific laws describe relationships they are differ and one does not become the other

SuperBuys Match the Terminology with their corresponding Definition Natural Selection Competition Overproduction Camouflage Extinction II I POSSIBLE POINTS 1 96 More organisms are produced than the environment can support Organisms fighting for resources The mechanism by which evolution typically occurs survival of the fittest All members of a species die The ability of an organism to blend into its environment surroundings

Femur O examples of fossils O vestigial structures O acquired traits Onatural variation Pelvis In humans the pelvis and femur or thigh bone are involved in walking In whales the pelvis and femur are useless structures that have lost their use over time These structures shown in the figure above are

Evolution Charles Darwin Common Ancestor Adaptation Fitness III II Inherited trait that helps an organism survive in its environment Process by which species populations change over time The capability and successfulness of an individual to survive and reproduce Credited with first developing the current accepted model of evolution An organism that gave rise to two or more different species C S 5 6

Scientists compared the nucleotide sequences for a particular gene between several Canidae species They found 89 differences between a gray wolf s sequence and a coyote s sequence They found 211 differences between a gray wolf s sequence and an African wild dog s sequence Based on the data what can you conclude A Gray wolves are more closely related to coyotes because their DNA sequences are more similar B Gray wolves are more closely related to African wild dogs because they have more differences in their DNA C Gray wolves evolved from coyotes because their DNA sequences are very similar D Gray wolves do not share a common ancestor with African wild dogs because their DNA sequences are very different

Which classification system was the first to separate organisms into two kingdoms plant and animal and then more specific levels A Aristotle s classification system B Linnaeus s classification system C The modern classification system O D The earliest classification system

Why do evolutionary scientists compare organisms genetic sequences A DNA is perfectly preserved in fossils so the sequences can be used to trace how organisms evolved B Living organisms that share a common ancestor have identical DNA C As organisms evolve their DNA molecules become longer so organisms with longer DNA must be more advanced O D As organisms evolve DNA sequences change so differences in the sequences help scientists infer evolutionary relationships

An organism in the order Eurotiales has cell walls made of chitin It is attached to its base by hyphae Into which kingdom is this organism classified A Protista B Animalia C Plantae D Fungi

Which sentence is a correct interpretation of this cladogram Amoeba Sponge Earthworm Salmon Lizard Kangaroo Cat Unicellularity Multicellularity Jaws Segmented body Limbs Hair A Kangaroos are not placental animals B Earthworms are organisms that have jaws C Salmon do not have segmented bodies D Lizards are the only organisms on Earth to have limbs Placenta

Which statement best describes the results of natural selection Each organism changes its traits to better survive in an ecosystem A large number of organisms in a population die The most well adapted organisms pass on their traits to offspring A species becomes more perfect over time Which two statements are true about natural selection It leads to increased mutations in an individual s offspring It acts on existing genetic variation in a population It changes the frequencies of alleles in a population It causes the development of new traits in individuals

What condition must exist in a population for natural selection to occur Some of its members must be better suited to their environment than others Most of its members must have very similar traits All of its members must be poorly suited to changes in their environment All of its members must be well suited to a variety of environments 2 po

What happens to the frequencies of the alleles for advantageous heritable 2 points traits as a result of natural selection The frequencies of the alleles that produce the advantageous traits will stay the O same O The frequencies of the alleles that produce the advantageous traits will increase over time 4 O The frequencies of the alleles that produce the advantageous traits will decrease over time None of the above

Evidence for chemical evolution is provided by which three examples A Prokaryotes and eukaryotic organelles have similar membranes B Electric sparks can form organic molecules from inorganic molecules C Organic molecules can form from reactions near hydrothermal vents D Amino acids found in organisms have also been found in meteorites

1 DNA is responsible for 2 What is the charge of DNA and information storage 3 From videos when micro pipetting what do you do before putting the pipette in the solution 4 In the video what are the 5 things that can cause the electrophoresis to fail

wound thousands of threads together into a rope it would be visible Is this statement analogous to our DNA extraction Explain you 7 List at least two reasons for scientists to extract DNA from organisms

Karalyn vanamerongen Ancient Roman Architecture Read the text about these amazing architectural inventions from ancient Rome Use the space provided to sketch what they looked like based on the text Name ROADS The Romans built roads so that the army could march from one place to another They tried to build the roads as straight as possible so that the army could take the shortest route First the army builders would clear the ground of rocks and trees They then dug a trench where the road was to go and filled it with big stones Next they put in big stones pebbles cement and sand which they packed down to make a firm base Then they added another layer of cement mixed with broken tiles On top of that they then put paving stones to make the surface of the road These stones were cut so that they fitted together tightly Kerb stones were put at the sides of the road to hold in the paving stones and to make a channel for the water to run away Draw a diagram that illustrates the layers of a Roman road

Snake handler Bill Haast became resistant to cobra venom after injecting himself with small quantities of the venom over a prolonged period Over the course of his career he survived more than 20 cobra bites any one of which would have been fatal to most people In biological terms Haast s resistance to cobra venom is an example of a natural selection O b acclimatization O c adaptation O d evolution Time left 1 00 Clear my choice

What is the main trait being studied in this lab Select one O a O b Shell shape OC Shell colour O d Shell length Shell thickness

An adaptation is defined as a trait that increases an organism s Select one O a fitness O b OC O d survival ability to avoid predators ability to find food

Time left Variability is an indication of the distribution of data points around a mean Variability in biological experiments is the result of many facto including Select one O a Slight differences among the individuals studied O b Sampling only a small portion of a population O c Slight imprecision of experimental equipment used O d All of these choices

Which of these evolutionary trees depicts a different evolutionary history than the others GBDE G F ABCE D a CAF GFAB CED A B b ALAN GABE d

Q2 Recall your experiences with the fossil record in the Predicting Patterns exercise Which of the followi statements best describes the relationship between traits shared among species and the order in which the traits appear in the fossil record Hint Traits appearing earlier in the fossil record are older more ancestr traits and those appearing later in the fossil record are newer more recent traits Traits that are more widespread across distantly related species appear earlier in the fossil record Traits that are more widespread across distantly related species appear later in the fossil record Trait loss i e trait disappearance occurs earlier in the fossil record Traits that are required for survival appear later in the fossil record Submit Answer saved to SimUText server Q3 A transitional species illustrates the descent with modification from an ancestral to a derived species or group Which of the following statements MUST be true about a transitional species The transitional species has some but not all of the traits that distinguish derived from ancestral species Derived species outcompeted the transitional species for resources The transitional species only existed for a short time The transitional species did not co occur with either ancestral or derived species

hich of the following is considered a density dependent limiting factor O A B C Competition between organisms in a population A series of flashfloods A volcanic eruption Destruction of forests by human activities

Part C Examining Two Base Pair s Base Pair Rise is the average distance between the planes of the two stacked base pairs A DNA 2548 The rise of the helix is The helix twist is One complete turn of the helix is 360 Predict the number of base pair planes for one complete turn Given the rise for a pair of base planes Predict the total height of a full turn 32 70 7 40 0 B DNA 3 375 36 00 10 50 00

In Australia cane toads were brought from Central America and introduced to try to control the beetles that were harming the sugar cane It was hoped that they would act as a natural form of pest control This was a very serious mistake They did not consume the beetles instead they began to spread and multiply and invade There have been catastrophic consequences for local wildlife Cane toads have deadly poison in glands on their skin that native snakes can die of almost instantly and there are many species of snakes being driven to extinction Several interesting effects have been observed First cane toads legs have been gradually increasing in size particularly in areas where they are newly invading Longer legs appear to allow them to jump further and thus invade faster into new territory In the older places in their range where they first invaded they still have shorter legs and move slower Similarly local snakes have gotten longer Longer snakes have smaller mouths and eat smaller prey In one paragraph describe how Darwin would explain the longer legs of toads and longer body of snakes In your answer indicate things Darwin could observe if he was in Australia see or measure and things he could infer conclude from the observations

4 Part A You found a population of 300 beetles in which black is dominant to brown Fifty of the beetles are brown a Determine the allele and genotype frequencies b How many of the population are heterozygous N 300 bb 50 a 9 50 300 0 19 19 The percentage for the recossive gerotupe is 14 and recessive is percentage is 40 percest 2 x 160 40 48 x 300 144 b In total there s 144 heterozygous individuals Part B If further studies revealed that 150 of the beetles were homozygous dominant is the population at equilibrium Explain using the chi square test

A weight lifter builds up considerable body mass working out in the gym Her children also appear to easily build muscle Lamarck might have argued the mother passed along her well developed muscles to her children What is the true evolutionary explanation for this a It is more likely that her children inherited a greater ability to build muscle not the muscle itself b Lamarck is correct this is a good example of an acquired character c The children probably just hang around the gym quite a bit and naturally pick up some of their mother s habits d There is no reason to expect the children to be able to build muscle This is just a co incidence

Darwin did not set out to be a naturalist He didn t really even call himself one for a long time Which of the following careers did he try claim you may select more than one a Medical doctor b Clergyman c Sailor d Popular Science Writer Teacher e