Human Health and Diseases Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a major category of adaptation for antibacterial drug resistance? a. impermeability due to modified cell wall or membrane structures b. modification of the drug target, such as an enzyme responsible for a key metabolic process c. inactivation of the drug by degradation or chemical modification d. evolving into a resistant culture e. pumping out the drug

Which term best describes an antimicrobial drug that affects only one or a few microbial types? broad-spectrum microbiostatic antibiotic narrow-spectrum microbiocidal

Briefly explain the three outcomes of complement system activation.

Contrast Type 1 hypersensitivity versus Type III hypersensitivity

Disinfecting means to: a. Cleanse the surface of dirt and visible particles b. Killing disease causing organisms c. Decreasing disease causing organisms

Which of the following are considered Bloodborne Pathogens? a. HIV b. Hepatitis B c. Hepatitis C d. All of the above

Which of the following is the best definition for specific immunity? action of white blood cells against body pathogens a response that is directed only against a particular microbe several nonspecific defenses present in all humans from the time of birth a system that protects us against trauma and disease all of these

Which of the following component(s) belongs to the first line of defense Interferrons Inflammatory response Phagocytic white blood cells Flushing action of urine

Match the following immunity examples with the appropriate line of defense? third line second line first line A mucus respiratory lining B. inflammation C cellular and humoral immunity

What group of microorganisms usually call the skin home? Pseudomonas Escherichia Proteus Staphylococcus Enterobacteriaceae

The presence of antibodies can trigger neutralization antigens haptens all of these

Opsonization is a process that involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxin molecule thereby disrupting their activity True False

Milder meningitis is almost always caused by a virus True False

Helper T cells Secrete antibodies Function in allergic reactions Directly destroy target cells Activate B cells and other T cells Suppress immune reactions

Which of the following is not a lymphocyte? B cells T helper cells neutrophil cells CD8 cells Natural killer cells

Neonatal meningitis is most commonly caused by Breast feeding Hospital personnel Exposure from other infants Exposure in birth canal

Highly virulent lesions that causes toxemia, shock, & intravascular coagulation are seen in patients with the following Vesicular rash Mumps Influenza Measles (rubeola) Rubella small pox

A is an infection indigenous to animals that can, on occasion, be transmitted to humans. Secondary infection Sequelae Nosocomial infection Zoonosis None of the choices are correct

A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a/an PAMP Marker Hapten Antibody Antigen

Contact time makes no difference when disinfecting surfaces a. True b. False

What type of virus can cause genital warts and cancer? Papillomavirus Coronavirus Rabies Tobacco Mosaic Virus

CptA is a toxin. AB Membrane disrupting Superantigen

It is important to use PPE when: a. You might come in contact with blood or body fluids b. You are certain you will come in contact with body fluids c. Must be worn at all times

Standard Precautions is the use of: a. PPE when exposure to blood and body fluids is possible. b. PPD when exposure to blood and body fluids is probable. C.PPE when you are certain that you will be exposed to blood or body fluid. d. Using a mask when someone has TB.

911 is ALWAYS contacted for: a. an unwitnessed fall b. uncontrolled bleeding c. chest pain d. failure of the respiratory system (unless the resident is DNR) e. All of the above

The process of pasteurizing juice allows the particles of fruit to stay suspended in the juice without settling to the bottom increases the fresh-squeezed flavor helps ensure a uniform thickness throughout the juice inactivates enzymes and destroys microorganisms that can cause foodborne illness

Sterilization is the removal of all A. pathogenic bacteria B. life forms C. bacterial growth D. Gram+ bacteria

Following a school camping trip, 30 people suffered of gastrointestinal problems. These included abdominal cramps, body aches, flatulence and prologned diarrhea. The following cell was found in fecal smear from the patient. What is the causative agent? What was the mode of transmission? What cell form is shown?

A 28-year-old man is experiencing painful urination and purulent urethral discharge. Cultures reveal gram- negative diplococci bacteria. What is the causative agent? What is the mode of transmission?

River blindness is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. a disease in which worms can invade the eyes. caused by a blood fluke. transmitted by mosquito vector.

Measles is described as a __ skin lesion. purpura bulla papule macule maculopapular

Normal biota of the upper respiratory tract include Corynebacterium Candida albicans Haemophilus influenzae Staphlococcus aureus All of the choices are correct

"Which B. megaterium culture, logarithmic or stationary phase, would show the best survival following exposure to UV radiation ? logarithmic stationary both none of these

Levodopa is successfully used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, but it loses effectiveness over time. best illustrates the concept of Tolerance Dependence Addiction Half-life

Which of the following biological features of a glass of water mean that it cannot be considered a living organism according to our shared characteristics of living things? A. it has no atoms B. it has no molecules C. it has no cells D. it has no heart

Which of the following helminth can be transmitted by mosquitoes? Ascaris lumbricoides Wuchereria bancroti Enterobius vermicularis Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus

How can the microbes living in and on our body respond to changes in our body, such as a fever? a. The types of microbes can change. b. The numbers of microbes can change. c. Once they are established, the microbes do not change. d. The types and numbers of microbes can change.

The definition of vaccination has changed over time to mean any method of disease prevention by introducing a weakened form of bacteria or virus. What other diseases can be prevented with vaccines? Select all that apply. HIV/AIDS Tetanus Measles Malaria Pneumonia Polio Whooping cough

Based on your assigned reading from the textbook and other resources, fill in information according to the instructions given for each question. For each step of acute inflammation, order the steps (1-8). Place only a single numeral, with no punctuation, in each blank space. -capillary permeability increases -formation of exudate in interstitial space -healing -injury -leukocytes enter interstitial space -phagocytosis of debris -release of chemical mediators -vasodilation

What can be inferred from the following statement? "Specific pharmaceutical compounds are tested on dogs, monkeys, and horses as well." It is depicting the claim It is depicting evidence It is a fact

Attempt to seamlessly integrate the quotation into the text by using a signal phrase or structuring the sentence so that it allows the reader to move seamlessly from text to quotation and back again. 1. Reasons for regulating sugar have a lot to do with obesity and its effects on a person. "The consequences of obesity are well-documented with an estimated 2.8 billion adults dying each year from related conditions: obesity has also been linked to chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, Type I diabetes, respiratory diseases and certain cancers" (Jou and Teechakehakij).

An individual, Jack, is concerned because his sister, Karen, was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Jack is 45 years old and currently asymptomatic. If 40% of 45-year-olds with HD are already symptomatic, what is the chance that Jack has HD? Group of answer choices 5/7 2/7 3/8 5/8

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by A) influenza and cough B)cystic fibrosis and thick mucus C) chronic bronchitis and emphysema D) asthma and atelectasis

Recreational drug use likely violates Kant's categorical imperative, because using drugs O is against the order of nature. O causes more harm than benefit. O treats a person merely as a means and not as an end. O treats a person merely as an end and not as a means.

recognized the vital role of the internal environment and suggested that the objective of mechanisms within the body is to preserve the constant conditions of the internal environment. Carolus Linnaeus Claude Bernard Schwann and Schleiden Robert Hook

Which mechanism is not involved in creating immunological self-tolerance? Group of answer choices Expression of tissue-specific proteins in the thymus Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by autoreactive B cells Suppression of autoimmune responses by regulatory T cells Induction of anergy in autoreactive T cells Positive selection in the bone marrow and thymus

Flexibzumab is a monoclonal antibody made in the following fashion A 100% mouse mAb (o) A 100% human mAb (u) A chimeric human mAb containing light chains of mouse antibody (xi) A human mAb containing the CDR regions of a mouse mAb (zu)

How do opioid maintenance programs attempt to bring people back to a drug-free lifestyle? A Replacement of opioids with other less addictive compounds like methadone. B Behavioral therapy. C Ongoing therapy to avoid relapse D Strict adherence to a daily medical regimen. E All of these are part of an opioid maintenance program

Ureteral is the adjective form for the urethra. True / False During fertilization, many spermatozoa may attach to an ovum, but only one penetrates the ovum. True / False

Critical Thinking Question (5 pts.) (You may use the back of the page to write your answer if needed) Today, you learned how various bacterial can cause us to get sick. Here is a situation for you. Try to figure out, what is the bacterial species at fault here and explain, how it made its victims sick. Toby is a 16 year-old, pimple-faced boy, who has been working after school at a local pizzeria trying to make a little money for his new guitar. 2 days ago, Toby was working in the kitchen, shredding pounds and pounds of cheese for pizza. The cheese was used to prepare pizzas for many customers. Today, the pizzeria got many phone calls with complaints from customers experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, blaming their symptoms on the pizza they ate yesterday. Explain, what could have happened here. Which bacteria do you think, caused these symptoms, how, and why?