Respiratory System Questions and Answers

The blood level of which gas is most important in controlling human respiration rate? carbon dioxide carbon monoxide oxygen nitrogen nitric acid

In humans, for carbon dioxide to be excreted, it must pass from the blood into the nephrons lungs sweat glands the liver

Which of the following acts as an allergen that causes hay fever? Pollen Bacteria Peanuts Milk

Larry is taking a walk in the park. The pollen in the air makes him sneeze constantly. What line of defense is his immune system exhibiting? A first line of defense B.second line of defense C third line of defense D.fourth line of defense

Fill in the box with one of the following terms: anemia, asthma, arthritis, arteriosclerosis. Sue has a breathing problem. The doctors have diagnosed that the small airways in her lungs have narrowed. Sue is suffering from

The serous membrane that lines the lungs is the visceral pericardium visceral pleura parietal pericardium parietal pleura

What are the implications of the SARS- CoV-2 employing the enzyme ACE2 for host cell entry?

What would increase the amount of oxygen unloaded by hemoglobin into peripheral tissues? decreased levels of PCO2 decreased temperature decreased levels of BPG (2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate) decreased pH

How does the activity of rapidly-adapting receptors (RAR) in the lung, slowly adapting receptors (SAR) in the lung, and baroreceptors (BR) in the aorta change with deep breathing compared to normal tidal breathing? RAR increases, SAR increases, BR increases RAR increases, SAR does not change, BR increases RAR does not change, SAR increases, BR increases RAR decreases, SAR decreases, BR decreases

Which of the following is true about the breathing process? For air to enter into the lungs, the atmospheric pressure must be equal to intrapulmonary pressure The pleural fluid allows the lungs to expand without friction in the thoracic cavity As lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure increases The scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles are primary respiratory muscles

The volume that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is the: vital capacity. residual volume. functional residual capacity. dead space volume.

Which term best describes the amount of air expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort? A) Tidal volume B Vital capacity C) Residual volume D) Total lung capacity

What are the similarities between the two events of Spanish flu and COVID that are over 100 years apart.

What cells clean and digest debris entering the alveoli? type I alveolar cells goblet cells type II alveolar cells alveolar macrophages

What gas exchange problems do you expect to see when surface area is lost due to emphysema? hyperventilation eupnea hypocapnia both hypercapnia and hypoxemia

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract? nose pharynx trachea larynx

What statement best describes tidal volume? Tidal volume is the air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration Tidal volume is the air exchanged during normal breathing Tidal volume is the air exhaled after normal inspiration Tidal volume is the air forcibly expelled after normal expiration

The respiratory system does NOT function in: acid-base homeostasis odor detection speech production blood cell production

What is part of the respiratory zone? nose nas cavity trachea alveoli

During exhalation, air flow out of the lungs up the pressure gradient. True False

What type of alveolar cell produces surfactant? alveolar macrophages type II alveolar cells dust cells type I alveolar cells

What cells are categorized as agranulocytes? neutrophils and basophils lymphocytes and monocytes reticulocytes and erythrocytes eosinophils and basophils

If the thymus shrank and stopped making hormones in a child, we would expect to see a decrease in the number of: B lymphocytes (B cells) neutrophils T lymphocytes (T cells) eosinophils

Gas exchange occurs in all of the following EXCEPT: alveolar sacs respiratory bronchioles terminal bronchioles alveolar ducts

What of the following should NOT elicit an immune response in your own body? major histocompatibility complex (MH molecules bound to antigens) self antigens immunogens haptens bound with a protein carrier

Why are the rings of cartilage surrounding the trachea C-shaped? The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing The C rings of cartilage allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing The C rings of cartilage keep the trachea patent (open) more than one answer is correct

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major processes of respiration? dissociation curve oxygen-hemoglobin pulmonary ventilation pulmonary gas exchange gas transport

Each of the following factors affects the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange EXCEPT: diameter of an alveolus partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries thickness of the respiratory membrane surface area of the respiratory membrane

The process of respiration that moves air into and out of the lungs is: gas transport tissue gas exchange pulmonary gas exchange pulmonary ventilation

Vital capacity= expiratory reserve volume + residual volume inspiratory reserve volume + residual volume tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + residual volume

Which process of respiration relies on partial pressure gradients? pulmonary ventilation only pulmonary gas exchange and tissue gas exchange gas transport and pulmonary ventilation gas transport only

The term "breathing" is synonymous with the term "ventilation". True or False

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

List the structures of the Lower Respiratory tract.

What is spirometry?

Explain why ventilation is not 100% voluntary. (HINT: CO₂)

Describe the specific events of the ventilation process. Be sure to include all additional structures that contribute to ventilation.

Based on your answers to the previous two questions, and the fact that muscle contraction requires ATP, a. what can you say about the energy requirements of inspiration and expiration (normal quiet breathing using only the diaphragm)? b. Is inspiration active or passive? c. Is expiration active or passive?

Under conditions where normal breathing isn't sufficient, other muscles will assist the diaphragm in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity. A muscle that increases the volume of the thoracic cavity will cause pressure to (1/1) which means that it is helping with forced (inspiration/expiration). A muscle that decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity will cause pressure to (1/1) which means that it is helping with forced (inspiration/expiration).

If the diaphragm were to contract what would happen to the volume (space) of your thoracic cavity (increase/decrease)? b. what would happen to the pressure (increase/decrease)? C. which way will the air flow (inward/outward)?

If the diaphragm were to relax a. what would happen to the volume (space) of your thoracic cavity (increase/decrease)? b. what would happen to the pressure (increase/decrease)? c. which way will the air flow (inward//outward)?

Describe the cellular makeup and the location of the olfactory epithelium.

In addition to classifying the respiratory anatomy according to location (upper and lower respiratory tract), we also classify respiratory anatomy according to function-the conducting and respiratory divisions. What is the essential difference between the conducting division and the respiratory division?

Describe what happens to oxygen during external respiration. Which structures does it cross?

What role does each of the cells below play in the maintenance of the alveolus? a. great alveolar cell b. squamous alveolar cell c. alveolar macrophage:

Compare the shape and lobes of the left and right lungs. What makes them different from one another?

18. Describe what happens to oxygen during internal respiration. Which structures does it cross?

Which of the following contributes to keeping the lung inflated? Positive intrapleural pressure Negative transmural pressure gradient Maintaining a constant tidal volume Contraction of the diaphragm Atmospheric pressure

In restrictive pulmonary disease, ______ is decreased. tidal volume total lung capacity functional residual capacity expiratory volume residual volume

The Bohr effect _____ defines the diffusion coefficient for each gas describes the effect of pH on the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide. describes the mechanism of ventilation. describes the effect of solubility on the amount of gas dissolved in blood. describes the effect of pH on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.