Biomolecules Questions and Answers

What amino acid sequence does the following mRNA nucleotide sequence specify? 5' -AUGAACCUAUGC-3' Express the sequence of amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations, separated by hyphens (e.g., Met-Ser-T Gly).

Sort the following 10 codons into one of the three bins, according to whether they code for a start codon, an in-sequence a or a stop codon.

Aluminum is on group 13 of the periodic table. Which option describes how aluminum most commonly behaves when forming ions? It loses 1 electron. It loses 4 electrons. It loses 2 electrons. It loses 3 electrons.

Indicate at which step of the replication-transcription-translation process each type of RNA first participates. Place them in the bin where they are first created or first participate. Drag each item to the appropriate bin.

Write the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence, in order from 3 to 5: 5'-CGATATTGAGCTAAGCTT-3 Use all capital letters to write the DNA sequence.

A student performs a menthol dehydration experiment with 3.099 grams of pure, powdered menthol (NOT an 85% solution. Pure menthol). The molecular weight of menthol is 156.26 g/mol and the molecular weight of the product, menthene, is 138.25 g/mol. What is the theoretical yield of menthene in grams?

What is the abbreviation for deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate? Enter the abbreviated name for the nucleotide. For example, adenosine-5'-triphosphate is abbreviated ATP.

Name the nucleotide dAMP with its complete name. Express your answer as an alphanumeric string. For example, ATP is named as adenosine-5'-triphosphate.

With respect to breakdown of fat to the two categories of molecules it contains, lipases are essential fatty acids are released it does not require oxygen, NAD, or FAD all of the above are true none of the above are true

Which set of quantum numbers is impossible? 2, 1, 0, -1/2 2, 1,-1, +1/2 3, 0, 0, +1/2 3, 0, -1, -1/2 More than one of these is impossible.

Complete the following vocabulary exercise relating to the level of structure in proteins. Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column. Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary structure is achieved when a protein folds into a compact, three-dimensional shape stabilized by interactions between side-chain R groups of amino acids structure is the sequence of amino acids in a protein. structure is the result of two or more protein subunits assembling to form a larger, biologically active protein complex. structure describes the alpha-helices and beta-sheets that are formed by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms located near each other in the polypeptide chain.

In an a helix, how does bonding occur between the amino acids in the polypeptide chain? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. NH group in a woven string R group in the next turn of the spiral along parallel sheets C=O group Request Appor In the alpha helix, there is hydrogen bonding between the of another amino acid Reset Help of one amino acid and the of the polypeptide chain.

Complete the general structure of an L-a-amino acid by assigning groups to the correct positions. This L-alpha amino acid should be drawn at physiological pH. Be sure to include formal charges. Use R for the side chain.

Calculate the number of different octapeptides you can make in which the amino acids phenylalanine, glycine, serine, leucine, histidine, proline, valine, and glutamine are each found. Enter your answer in the provided box.

What are some functions of lipids in the body? Check all that apply. protection for organs transport of CO2 an important component of cell membranes transport of oxygen to provide energy insulation for organs

Which of the following statements about the lipoproteins given in the introduction are true? Check all that apply. Chylomicrons are the only lipoproteins that exclusively carry dietary lipids. Lipoprotein densities increase in the following order: chylomicrons, VLDLs, LDLs, HDLs, IDLs. Lipoproteins can be distinguished by their densities and composition. HDL is termed "bad" cholesterol because it can deposit excess cholesterol in the arteries. HDL has a high lipid-to-protein ratio. Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins. Lipoprotein densities vary because lipoproteins have different lipid-to-protein ratios.

A monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms, one of which is an aldehyde group, is classified as a(n) A. ketotetrose B. aldohexose C. aldopentose D. ketopentose E. aldotetrose

In the L-isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the -OH group furthest frm the carbonyl is written A. on the left of the bottom chiral carbon B. on the right of the bottom chiral carbon C. on the right of the top chiral carbon D. on the left of the top chiral carbon E. on the left of the middle chiral carbon

What are antibodies? Y-shaped proteins that recognize and help destroy foreign substances proteins on cell surfaces that identify the cell as self cells that engulf pathogens that were marked for destruction foreign substances whose presence triggers an immune response

An unknown compound is not symmetric, has a molecular formula of C5H10O and contains a functional group attached to a 3º carbon. It has broad absorption band in the 3200 - 3550 cm-¹ region and no absorption in the 1620 - 1690 cm-¹ region. What is the structure for this compound?

With respect to electron transport, the Q cycle requires both cytochrome C and complex II protons are pumped out of the matrix in four places oxidation of Cu+2 produces Cu+1 all of the above are true

With respect to regulation of cholesterol synthesis, when cholesterol is high, HMG-CoA reductase is allosterically inhibited it is allosterically controlled by ketone bodies it is controlled by regulating oxidation of acetyl-CoA all of the above are true none of the above are true

The net chemical equation for the first step of glycolysis is: Glucose + ATP glucose-6-phosphate + ADP Write a similar equation for the following steps of glycolysis: a. Step 7: b. Step 4: c. Step 10: d. Step 6: e. Step 3:

What monosaccharide is different than all the others at the top of the structures?

We saw in this activity that oxidation reactions of alcohol groups in carbohydrates can provide enough energy to transfer electrons to NAD+. a. Which form of this cofactor is the more oxidized form-NAD* or NADH? b. Which form is the more reduced form? c. Given that in an oxygen-containing environment, oxidation reactions are generally favorable (spontaneous), which form (oxidized or reduced) is at a higher potential energy level? d. In general, would oxidized cofactors or reduced cofactors provide a "stockpile" of energy? Explain.

A gene on a chromosome lies close to another gene controlling a different trait. This indicates that the genes are first gene contributes to the expression of the second gene. This indicates

Complete the sentences to explain the kind of ring structure a Haworth structure of fructose has. Match the numbers in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. In the ring structure of fructose, there are atom(s). carbon atom(s) and The ring is a result of the formation of a hemiacetal where the hydroxyl group on carbon reacts with the ketone group on carbon

Calculate the iso-electric points (pl) for the following AA's (compare the results): 1. Phenyl alanine, pK1 = 2.2 and pK2 = 9.31 2. Aspartic acid, pK1 = 1.99, pK2 = 3.90 and pK3 = 9.90 3. Histidine, pK1 = 1.80, pK2 = 6.04 and pK3 = 9.33

Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins. Each amino acid contains an amine group (-NH), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and an R group called a side chain. These are all bonded to a carbon called the alpha carbon. The R groups are different for each amino acid. In addition to the name of the amino acid, each one has a three-character and a one- character abbreviation. Which choice correctly pairs the name of the amino acid with its three-character abbreviation?

2. Draw the structure of isoleucine and determine the charge on a molecule in a(n) a. Acidic solution (pH= 1) b. Neutral solution (pH = 7) c.Basic solution (pH = 11)

With respect to superoxide dismutase, it produces superoxide it employs a ping-pong mechanism of action it uses oxidized molecular oxygen all of the above are true none of the above are true

A bottle contained 27.0 mL of a concentrated solution. Water was added to a new volume of 762 mL and the concentration of the diluted solution is 0.444 M. What was the molarity of the concentrated solution?

7- The best definition of a prosthetic group is that: a) It is a long chain of poly peptide bond b) It is the complete amino acid sequence of a protein c) It is the secondary structure of a protein d) It is the portion of the protein that does not contain amino acid e) None of the above

Carboxypeptidase A is an enzyme that cleaves on the amino side of any C-terminal amino acids except arginine, lysine, or proline. What would be the correct peptide fragments formed if Val-Ile-His-Thr-Arg was treated with Carboxypeptidase A? Val lle His Thr Arg Val lle His Thr-Arg Val-lle-His-Thr Arg Val-lle His-Thr Arg

The composition of triglycerides is best described by which of the following statements? Triglycerides are composed of two unsaturated fatty acids and one saturated fatty acid linked to a glycerol backbone via éster bonds. All of these describe possible triglycerides. Triglycerides are composed of three saturated fatty acids linked to a glycerol backbone via ester bonds. Triglycerides are composed of three unsaturated fatty acids linked to a glycerol backbone via ester bonds. Triglycerides are composed of two saturated fatty acids and one unsaturated fatty acid linked to a glycerol backbone via ester bonds.

28. (a) If 175.00 g of CO2 (in the photosynthesis reaction below) react, then how many grams of glucose (C6H1206) are produced? 6 CO2 + 6 H₂O → C6H12O6 + 6 02 (a) If 110.50 g of glucose were isolated, then what is the percent yield?

Draw an example of each type of the following lipids: a. Fatty acid (saturated and unsaturated) b. Prostaglandin c. Wax d. Triacylglycerol (Fat and oil) e. Glycerophospholipid f. Sphingolipid g. Steroid

Q2 What is the type of glycosidic bond in maltose? Q3 Why does maltose have both a and ß forms (anomers)? Explain. C. Polysaccharides 1.Amylose What is the difference in the structure of amylopectin and amylose?

According to Hammond's postulate The more exothermic a reaction step, the earlier the transition state appears in time, and it resembles the reactants. The more endothermic a reaction step, the earlier the transition state appears in time, and it resembles the reactants. The more exothermic a reaction step, the earlier the transition state appears in time, and it resembles the products. The less exothermic a reaction step, the later the transition state appears in time, and it resembles the reactants.

Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in a 120.0 g sample of forsterite (Mg2SiO4). Be sure your answer has a unit symbol if necessary, and round it to 4 significant digits.

4. Proteins are made of amino acids. G Proteins and G Protein Coupled Receptors cross the cell membrane multiple times. The region between the layers of the cell membrane eris hydrophobic and nonpolar, while the region both inside the cell and outside the cell is an aqueous solution. For each of the above amino acids, would more likely find them in the part of the protein (a) between the layers of the cell membrane, or (b) outside the cell membrane? Explain your reasoning. Valine: Glutamine: Serine: Methionine: Reasoning: M-D

Glucose (C6H₁2O6) in the body undergoes a process called glycolysis that produces two pyruvate (C₂H₂O3) molecules via the following equation. stilillim 19q aming 1. A Snickers bar contains 20 grams of sugar, which we will assume is glucose for the purposes of this question. After it goes through glycolysis, how many grams of pyruvate will be produced in the body?

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC)? The pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit can be phosphorylated. Pyruvate is reduced to Acetyl CoA. Enzymatic activity can be stimulated by pyruvate. It catalyzes an endergonic reaction.

Which reaction results in the production of soap? (A) substitution (B) saponification (C) fermentation (D) esterification

Two D-aldopentoses give the same D-aldotetrose upon Ruff degradation. The two aldopentoses are____________. a. C2 epimers b. D-glucose and D-galactose c. Meso compounds d. Enantiomers e.C4 epimers

A tetrapeptide is abbreviated as VIQN. Write the name of the amino acid at the N-terminal end. A tetrapeptide is abbreviated as FRWL. Write the name of the amino acid at the C-terminal end.

Which of the components of blood listed below cannot cross the dialysis membrane? b. Why are glucose and electrolytes, which are not waste products, included in the dialysate? c. Based on your answers to (a) and (b), for each substance that can move across the membrane, state whether it will move into the blood, out of the blood, or in both directions. Explain your reasoning.

The pH of a base is measured. Which of the following is the most likely reading? 1 12 52 7

NaCl has a molar mass of 58 g/mol. How would you prepare a 0.5 M aqueous solution of NaCl? Add 58 grams of salt to 100 g of water Add 29 g of salt to make 1 liter of solution Add 58 g of salt to make 1 liter of solution Add 29 grams of salt to 1 liter of water

Draw skeletal structures of the following: a. cis-mono-unsaturated fatty acid with 14 carbons b. trans-mono-unsaturated datty acid with 16 carbons c. tri-unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons (your choice of trans or combination for this question) -Are trans fats bad for you and explain your answer?