Cell: The Unit of Life Questions and Answers

LAB 4 Are you a hid Which of the foll

16 QUIZ 14 Wh 3 2452285 quizzes 5493550 tak

Which of the following observations constitutes evidence that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts Mitochondria are aerobic Chloroplasts are photosynthetic Aerobic bacteria evolved before photosynthetic bacteria cyanobacteria Some protists have separately evolved their own plastids chloroplast like structures through endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria or ev through endosymbiosis of photosynthetic protists All Eukaryotes have mitochondria only a subset of Eukaryotes have chloroplasts

Dil sands in the reservoir are as solid as a hockey puck Select Select resource needs to be recovered by thermal or steam me 50 80 25 water to steam which is piped into an injection well to stage separation process starts with a fluid that is Select with a product that is less than Select of the is Select crude is necessary for the oil sands process to be economically competitive y heats he multi water and finishes water Production from the tar sands compared to Middle East oil production A price of 70 a barrel for

Vocabulary Review Write the word from the word bank in the correct Diffusion Osmosis require the cell to use energy M Tr The diffus

Arrange the sentences describing the process of phagocytosis in the correct order Enzymes in the lysosome digest the particle within the newly formed endosome A lysosome fuses with the vesicle The inside of the plasma membrane becomes coated with a protein called clathrin The waste products are removed from the cell by exocytosis Extensions of the plasma membrane called pseudopods extend away from the cell and The vesicle containing the particle enters the cell and clathrin disassociates with the pl

5 Diagram and label a section of the plasma membrane below 6 Indicate with reference to your drawing above how the plasma membrane is able to regulate what crosses in out of the cell 7 Imagine for a second that human cells were more like plant cells in that they had cell walls and central vacuoles What would have happened to John Would he have still died Justify your response Case Study A Fatal Hazing in College Adapted from a true story hand he walked It was John s first day of college at Richmond University in California With his class schedule scross campus to his English class He was feeling a bit nervous but the fact that he made friends with a few other guys in his dorm that had the same English class helped calm him When he got to class he saw his friends and sat next to them They were holding bright orange papers that read Pledge Beta Kappa in bold font across the top John asked one his friends Eric what they were looking at Next week is Rush Week all the sororities and fraternities are handing these out replied Eric We are all planning on rushing for Beta Kappa replied his other friend Sam Eric handed John a pledge paper John read the information listed about Beta Kappa From the flier it seemed that Bets Kappa was active in the community and had several connections to local hospitals for volunteer s sports medicine With this information opportunities which interested John who had already declared his major John decided that he would give Rush Week a try the On Friday September 3rd John joined his friends and several other new pledges at the Beta Kappa fraternity house They were welcomed into the frat house and given a tour by the president of the fraternity Robert During the tour Robert gave an extensive history of the fraternity citing facts about the house and even mentioning some celebrities and politicians who were once members As the night progressed they got to meet the rest of the members fraternity and to John it seemed that all was going well At around 10 pm Robert told the new pledges that he wanted to show them the basement where they would perform the pledging ceremony As they headed to the basement they saw fraternity members collecting the phones of the new pledges It was at this moment that John began to feel uncomfortable and turned to his friend Eric Do you think we should do this asked John Something doesn t feel right he continued Don t worry every fraternity does something They will probably just play a prank on us Eric replied John not fully consoled by Eric started down the stairs When they reached the bottom of the staircase they saw nothing but the unfinished bare walls and concrete floor that surrounded them John heard a sound from the corner and saw Robert standing there Welcome to Hell Week this is where you will be staying for the next few nights pledges We will test your mental and physical stamina to determine who will become a member of Beta Kappa John turned to Eric worried about what was to come Eric reassured John Seriously don t wor the worst they re going do is make us sleep I in the cold without beds Robert addressed the group again The first test is a physical test Each one of you pledges must perform 200 push ups and 200 sit ups back to back Hesitantly the pledges got on the ground and began exercising Robert continued to shout out rules as the pledges worked they could not have water they could not take a break and they were not allowed to leave to use the restroom If any one of you pledges cannot follow these rules you will be punished continued Robert Robert went into another corner of the basement and came back to the group carrying a hose John wanted out of this hell and looked up the staircase only to see members of the fraternity guarding it It took over an hour for each pledge to finish the exercises Some pledges took breaks which caused Robert to spray each member with the hose It was cold dark and now wet in the basement When the exercises were complete Eric turned to John and sighed relieved This should be it and then we can finally leave Little did they know this was only the start of the night The next phase of the night is the mental test Robert stated to the soaking wet pledges Earlier in the night we did a tour of the house Let s see how many of you can remember what was covered Several fraternity members came down the staircase holding 5 gallon jugs of water Each pledge received one jug Each of you must drink from the jug of water if you answer a question wrong If you finish your jug we will refill it Robert motioned to another fraternity member standing in the room to get the hose

2 List the 3 main types of polysaccharides complex carbohydrates and fill in the table below Name What organism makes it What is its function Where is it stored deposited

The influenza virus is typical of many animal viruses in that is has an envelope composed of lipids and glycoproteins Which of the following statements about the envelope is ACCURATE 1 The envelope is formed via the action of integrase 2 The envelope glycoproteins are encoded by genes found in the host genome 3 The envelope is obtained from the host cell upon entry into the cell 4 The envelope is obtained from the host cell when the virus buds from the plasma membrane 5 The envelope is inside the capsid

s disease is a common progressive thinking or understanding The disease primarily affects people over the age of 65 and the likelihood of developing Alzheimer s disease increases with age The disease is irreversible but there are medications available to help with the symptoms History In 1901 a German psychiatrist and neuroanatomist named Dr Alois Alzheimer met a 50 year old female patient named Auguste Auguste was admitted to a psychiatric hospital by her husband due to reports of severe paranoia sleep problems confusion and aggression Dr Alzheimer was intrigued by Auguste because he had never encountered a patient with her set of symptoms Dr Alzheimer decided to document her behavior and study her during her stay at the psychiatric hospital After admission into the hospital Auguste s symptoms rapidly worsened Due to this Auguste was admitted to permanent care at the hospital until her death in 1906 During her stay at the hospital Dr Alzheimer kept detailed notes on her symptoms and the progression of her disease After her death Dr Alzheimer was able to study Auguste s brain tissue It was during this autopsy that he found strange deposits around nerve cells At the time he could not explain his findings but he documented them in great detail Dr Alzheimer compiled his research and presented his findings to a team of physicians He presented both the physiological and histological reports he had kept on Auguste and told the physicians that this was an illness that had never been seen before Dr Alzheimer s work was officially published in 1907 and in 1909 Dr Alzheimer s work appeared in the famous textbook Psychiatrie A It was here in this textbook that the author suggested the disease be called Alzheimer s 19 20 21 TE 22 CITIDO HIGHE 16 X CHERE 17 XOCOL Figure 1 Karyotype of Trisomy 21 UMIE HA 18 A Surprising Connection During the years after Dr Alzheimer s work and as more documented cases of Alzheimer s disease appeared research became focused on finding the genes involved In the 1980s a team of scientists documented that people with Down syndrome suffer from early onset Alzheimer s disease at a disproportionately high rate in comparison to the general population nearly all individuals with Down syndrome will develop Alzheimer s by the age of 40 Since Down syndrome is classified as having an extra copy of chromosome 21 scientists hypothesized that the gene responsible for producing proteins associated with Alzheimer s must be located on this chromosome After performing analysis of the genes on chromosome 21 scientists found the Amyloid Precursor Protein APP gene This gene is highly concentrated in neurons the primary cell type of the nervous system Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene When De Alzheimer examined the brain tissue of Auguste he found strange build ups around the neurons Approximately eighty years after his findings scientists determined that these buildups were caused by excess proteins in the brain The APP gene provides instructions for making a protein called amyloid precursor protein This protein when produced property is important for the growth and repair of neurons The amyloid precursor protein is cut by enzymes to create smaller fragments peptides that are released from the cell and then used as needed If mutations occur at the APP gene however the sequence of amino acids is changed Specifically one amino acid valine is switched with isoleucine at position 717 This mutation causes the peptides to be longer and or or stickier than usual When these peptides are released from the cell they can accumulate and cause the buildups now known as plaques which Dr Alzheimer originally documented The two hallmarks of Alzheimer s disease are amyloid plaques and neuritic plaques Amyloid plaques are the result of a buildup of amyloid beta proteins and neuritic plaques are the result of a buildup of Tau proteins in the brain Bek Analysis Questions 20 Figure 2 The production of APP in a neuron APP is represented by the triangles 1 Using Figure 1 label the following neuron nucleus rough ER Golgi transport vesicles APP and exocytos 2 Using Figure 1 describe each step of the production and movement of the APP protein through a neuron

3 Determine whether the types of transport are passive or active osmosis diffusion against concentration gradient down the concentration gradient facilitated transport channel protein requires ATP Passive Transport Active Transport

Which amino acid has an R group that forms a covalent bond with the polypeptide backbone thereby restricting the flexibility of the polypeptide glycine cysteine proline none of the above

Study the automated FBC for Patient X Patient X has the WBC count and indicated by the RBC indicies indicated by the platelet count Together this is known as indicat

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE RNA is more stable than DNA G C base pairs are stronger than A T base pairs Purines always base pair with pyrimidines and vice versa Boiling disrupts secondary structure of both DNA and RNA

Question 1 Not vet Phospholipids

The endomembrane system of a cell involves the production of a protein that will not STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION remain in the cell What process will be use exocytosis O pinocytosis receptor mediated endocytosis phagocytocic 33 5 QUESTIONS QUESTION POINTS

Which statement best describes what happens to a cell as it differentiates A Each cell receives a unique set of genes that determines the type of cell it will become B All of the genes are turned on all the time and used as the cell develops O C DNA is gained or lost depending on the needs of the cell at a given time D Specific genes are turned on or off depending on the cell s environment

ing descriptions of enzyme inhibition as either reversible inhibition or irreversible inhibition Reversible inhibition forms an ionic bond with the enzyme Answer Bank forms a covalent bond with the enzyme can interfere with the production of vital cellular resources Irreversible inhibition used by the cell to regulate metabolic processes

What are the three parts of the cell theory

myelin sheath nucleus dendrite axon terminal cell body 2 In the neuron above which way would the impulse move

Name this structure Cilia 02015 Ponce Education e O Mitochondria O Flagella O Cell body O Chloroplast

Name these structures O chloroplasts ribosomes Operoxisomes Olysosomes O vacuoles Question 7 2 pts

O Nucleus O Golgi apparatus O Endoplasmic reticulum O Mitochondria O Cytoplasm

Identify this structure of a plant cell Nucleus Ochloroplast O Cell wall Plasma membrane Vacuole

and mention any website you might use for help Please don t just copy and paste Discuss the importance of the passive transport mechanism of osmosis Why is this such an important concept to understand Identify areas of a multicellular organism this might be essential to its homeostasis Many times discussion boards can give the impression of simply meeting the need for what some would call busy work However in the a potentially isolating han in person classroom For that reason when you submit a response environment like an online class discussion boards play the same role as communication should be used with the overall impression as though you were speaking in a classroom giving a statement or a presentation

QUESTION 4 Which of the following best explains th O Cells need to be small to maintain O Cells must be small so that they ca Cells need to transport materials a O

A well known danger of desert living is heat stroke While most people think about dehydration and lack of water as a major issue many don t realize that heat denatures proteins Therefore heat can damage tissues because proteins play critical roles in tissue structure and function True False

Select the substances that cannot cross the plasma membrane by passive transport Carbon dioxide and oxygen Hydrogen ions Steroid hormones such as estrogen and testosterone Large proteins

asma Membrane Component Phospholipid Glycoprotein Glycolipid Integral protein Peripheral protein Cholesterol Definition Carbohydrate group attached to a phospholipid Protein found on either the extracellular or intracellular face of the plasma membrane Lipid found embedded in the fatty acid tails of the plasma membrane Main component of the plasma membrane composed of a phosphate glycerol head and two fatty acid tails Protein that spans both surfaces of the plasma membrane Carbohydrate group attached to a protein

Select the statement s which is are incorrect regarding membrane fluidity Proteins are in a fixed position in the plasma membrane and display no motion The more unsaturated fatty acids found in the phospholipid bilayer the greater the membrane fluidity At low temperatures cholesterol increases membrane fluidity At high temperatures cholesterol increase membrane stability Cholesterol associates with the phosphate heads of the phospholipid bilayer Saturated fatty acids found in the phospholipid bilayer increase membrane fluidity

Highlight the sentence s that describes s the Fluid Mosaic model Select at least 1 sentence to check your answer The currently accepted model of the plasma membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 They used the term Fluid Mosaic Model to describe the components of the plasma membrane and how those components interact with one another The plasma membrane is composed of a myriad of pieces that move throughout the sea of phospholipids The main component of the plasma membrane are the phospholipids The phospholipids form a bilayer structure with their hydrophilic phosphate heads in contact with the aqueous environment of the extracellular and intracellular environments Integral proteins which span the entire membrane interact with the phospholipid bilayer based on their hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains Peripheral proteins are located on either side of the plasma membrane Carbohydrate and lipid molecules associate with the proteins on the surface of the cell as well Cholesterol which is hydrophobic embeds itself within the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids All of these components contribute unique functions to the plasma membrane

Which of the following is true for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells O Specialized organelle for photosynthesis Genetic material enclosed in nucleus Presence of cytoskeleton Specialized organelle for energy ATP production Presence of a plasma membrane

If the third nucleotide of the DNA sequence for the fourth codon 12th nucleotide overall was changed to Cytosine C what would happen to the amino acid sequence How do you think would this affect the protein overall

6 Infer Sometimes people who have issues with their joints replacement surgery The joint is replaced with an artificial joint Not all artificial joints are the same Infer why there are different types of artificial joints 7 Argue A city sidewalk inspector is considering installing rubber

Identify the structures at the arrows in the images below Arrows have a tail not just a triangle A 0 0 Chlamydoconidia Yeast Hyphae Pseudohyphae B 10 1016 j ram 2022 08 00

a b d a b c 1 How fluid mosaic model describes cell membrane Membrane has a monolayer of lipids and proteins Proteins form the bilayer of the cell membrane Lipids form a bilayer of the cell membrane and proteins are asymmetrically distributed Lipids form a bilayer of the cell membrane and proteins are symmetrically distributed 2 Unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid tail Increasefluidity and permeability of the cell membrane Unsaturatedtails are arranged in a way that maximizes interactions between the tails These interaction decrease bilayer fluidity Saturatedtails are arranged in a way that minimizes interactions between the tails These interaction decrease bilayer fluidity Has no impact on the membrane fluidity

Listen The purpose of an enzyme is to increase the activation energy of a reaction allowing the cell to conserve energy and perform the process more efficiently True False

The Kreb s cycle takes place in the cytoplasm mitochondrial matrix plasma membrane golgi apparatus nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

PROBLEMS The following three figures show all the chromosomes within a chromosomes are of the same shape size but of different colors X 5 Figure 1 6 X A Figure 2 6

PROM Part 1 In Chapter 4 we took a look at the different structures that make up eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Each structure has a unique structure and function that is critical for the cell to survive and carry out its function For this week I would like you to identify a singe cell structure such as a flagellum a cell wall etc and imagine what would happen if a cell were to lose that structure or it stopped working Could it survive If it can survive without the structure in what way would it be changed If it couldn t survive exactly how why would it die You should ensure that your answers are details Part 2 After you have engaged with the lecture recordings read the book completed the guided reading activities and weekly assessments are there any learning objectives or topics that still cause confusion If so please identify them in your post Other classmates may reply and offer assistance and I will be posting videos each week addressing such topics DIRECTIONS Compose an initial discussion board post by creating a new thread The initial post should be 200 250 words and should include screen shots or links to the sources claims you reference Be sure to fully address the prompt above Compose an initial discussion board post by creating a new thread The initial post should be 200 250 words and should include screen shots or links to the

Identify the structures in the images using the Mold Structures drawings provided Choose the correct structure from the drop down menus provided A B C D B C select answer select answer select answer select answer D conidia spores conidiophore aerial hypha subsurface hypha

Ils without a nucleus cannot to produce daughter cells

he cytoplasm is composed of the liquid and the organe CELL STRUCTURE custo Give me option Acceptable Formats

12 Charles Darwin recognized that beetles are about the most numerous and diverse animals on earth A newly discovered species of beetles is found to have 18 pairs of homologous chromosomes How many bivalents are formed during the first meiotic division a 0 b 9 c 18 d 36 e none of the above

1 10 points Viral Structures Please label the image to test your knowledge of viral structures an Envelope Nucleic Acid 2000 Capsid Naked nucleocapsid virus Spike

True or False If the statement is true write true If it is false change the underlined word or words to make the statement true inhale 1 Air is pushed out of your lungs when you 2 The pulmonary circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the heart 3 Red blood cells carry oxygen 4 The cardiovascular system can move heat around the body 5 The trachea keeps food out of the lungs 6 The cells in the heart that set the heart rate are called the pacemaker Cri Use eac 12 13 14

Label the parts of the compound light microscope on the table Word Bank Fine adjustment Eyepiece ocular lens Arm Light source Objective lens Diaphragm Coarse adjustment Label the numbered parts of the microscope 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 Fill in the table Objective Scanning power Low power High power Magnification of Objective Magnification of eyepiece ocular lens Total Magnification

Produce ATP for the cell Found only in plant cells Involved in photosynthesis Contains catalase which converts toxic hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen Hollow tubes composed of the protein tubulin Solid rods composed of the protein actin Short numerous hair like microtubule projections that move like oars used for locomotion and lining passageways Long whip like microtubule structures that are few in number used in locomotion Special microtubules used in cell division Found only in animal cells Structure that provides rigid support for the cell Located outside of the plasma membrane Mitochondria Cytoskeleton microfilaments Cytoskeleton microtubules Centrioles Flagella Cilia Peroxisomes Chlorop Cell w

Drag and drop the characteristics to categorize them into prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms or both Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic before nucleus Cilia and flagella Most primitive cell type Animal cell DNA enclosed in the nucleus Organelles ribosomes true nucleus Cell wall All other organelles Smaller of the cell types Larger of the cell types More complex cell type Plant cell Plasma membrane Bacterial cell