Cell: The Unit of Life Questions and Answers

Even with the most recent advances in microscopy it is impossible to image atom O True O False

1 The figure below depicts the formation of peptidoglycan in a Gram positive bacterium IK Staphylococcus aureus As shown in the figure this process is mediated by the sequential action of Enzyme 1 and Enzyme 2 10 points I II amino acid polymer disaccharide Enzyme 1 transglycosylase cefazolin growing peptidoglycan Enzyme 2 Transceptdate III mature peptidoglycan a Provide the names for the items labeled I and II in the disaccharide and for the item labeled III in the mature peptidoglycan b Describe the roles of Enzyme 1 and Enzyme 2 in the process

1 Mia never packs her bag 2 She usually drinks juice with breakfastrue False True False 3 She sometimes brushes her hair 4 She never tidies up before school True False 5 She always gets up at seven o clock True False 6 She sometimes puts on her shoes in her bedroom 2 Look read and write True False X True False wakes up Adam always even at the weekend He in the bathroom before he has breakfast but he He get up at 7 00pack bag put on shoes drink juice X tidy up brush hair in the morning Adam with his breakfast then he front door at 7 30 in the mornint Mia 7

Microtubules contribute to intracellular transport and mitotic spindles True False

Passive transport is a function of the cytoskeleton True False

Microfilaments function in maintenance of animal cell shape All of the above cell division muscle contraction cytoplasmic streaming

11 Sequential Action of a Signaling Kinase Cascade Imagine that you have two kinases that you know work sequentially but you don t know in what order they act For the purposes of this question let s call the kinases PK X and PK Y You are given data and need to figure out in what order the kinases function Does PK X phosphorylate PK Y or vice versa You can determine this from the information given When either kinase is individually completely inactivated cells do not respond to the norma extracellular signal Cells containing a mutant form of PK X that is permanently active gain of function respond even in the absence of an extracellular signal Cells with mutations that contain a loss of function in PK Y AND a gain of function in PK X respond even in the absence of a signal A In the unmutated signaling pathway does PK X activate PK Y or does PK Y activate PK X Explain your reasoning B What outcome would you have predicted for a doubly mutant cell line with a gain of function mutation in PK Y and a loss of function mutation in PK X Explain your reasoning

The process through which cells can detect and respond to signals in their extracellular environment is O sensory response O cell sensation O reception cell communication O transduction

Question 2 The nucleotides within DNA are composed of a sulfur group ribose sugar and nitrogenous base O sulfur group deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base O phosphate group deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base O phosphate group ribose sugar and nitrogenous base O phosphate group hexose sugar and nitrogenous base

Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a criterion for an organism s genetic material To transmit information the genetic material must be replicated O The genetic material must be dynamic changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment O The genetic material must contain information necessary to construct a whole organism Genetic material must account for the known variation within each species and among different species The genetic material must be transmitted from parent to offspring

Question 2 In the small intestine food molecules pass from the lumen of the intestine into the individual cells lining the intestine and then into the circulatory or lymph system of the body If the digested molecules can leak into the abdominal cavity then must have been damaged Odesmosomes O gap junctions O focal adhesions Ohemidesmosomes 0 5 pts O tight junctions

Question 1 These act as rivets anchoring adjacent cells together at spots throughout the cell O desmosomes O adherens junctions focal adhesions hemidesmosomes fibronectin

5 Discuss the five core concepts that underlie the study of biology and provide examples of each concept

Nucleic acids Proteins Amino acids Lipids and fats Fatty Acids Sugars Nucleotides Macromolecule degradation Cell building blocks Oxidative respiration Ultimate metabolic products Prox Deamination 10 QuickTime Player NH3 Glycolysis Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Citric Acid Cycle H O CO B oxidation Check my w

Kinetochores assemble on Telomere O Centromere Centriole of chromosomes

DNA supercoils can be relaxed by Primase Polymerase Topoisomerase

The sarcolemma or muscle cell plasma membrane helps maintain a concentration gradient of calcium ions Ca between a muscle cell s cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid When a muscle cell receives a signal to contract Ca moves down this gradient passing from the extracellular space into the cytoplasm of the cell Which of the following is the most likely mechanism by which Ca moves across the sarcolemma during muscle cell contraction Choose 1 answer A Ca B Ca flows through aquaporins passes through membrane channel proteins 2 Ca is transported through transmembrane ATPases Ca directly diffuses through the membrane bilayer

Folds and labels proteins 6 Label the parts of the animal cell I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jelly like fluid B secretory vesicles 3 nucleolus nucleoplasm nuclear envelope 2 mitochondrion 1 5 Transports proteins to golgi 2010 Encyclopaedia Britanca inc Stores DNA

Part of cell Nucleolus Ribosome Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi apparatus Function

What are the functions of these parts of cells Part of cell Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleoid region 4 Ribosomes Cell membrane Function If you make an antibiotic to kill bacteria how do you know if it will affect your cells

3 In most multicellular organisms cells and groups of cells are organized by their color Function Energy waste

t rmine fatty acid composition of cell membranes determine carbohydrate structures determine the structure of proteins determine phospholipid composition of cell membranes Question 30 1 point Saved 4 Listen Which of the following functions like a fence to block membrane protein movement between the apical and basolateral regions of an intestinal epithelial cell plasma membrane Gap junctions Desmosomes Adherens junction

Consider the following list of phosphorylated compounds with their free energies of phosphate hydrolysis Glucose 1 phosphate 5 0 kcal mol PEP 14 8 kcal mole ATP 7 3 kcal mol Which of these molecules could phosphorylate an unknown compound whose free energy of phosphate hydrolysis is 10 3kcal mol Glucose 1 phosphate only PEP only ATP only All three could phosphorylate the unknown compound

During oxidative phosphorylation protons are pumped into intermembrane space of the mitochondria matrix of the mitochondria ribosomes O cytosol

Each of the following cell junctions is found in intestinal epithelial cells except gap junctions tight junctions desmosomes plasmodesmata

X ray crystallography can be used to determine fatty acid composition of cell membranes O determine carbohydrate structures determine the structure of proteins determine phospholipid composition of cell membranes

Pyruvate can be a substrate or product involved in each of the following except Ofermentation aerobic glycolysis glucose oxidation cheminsmoric

Match each cell type with the location of pyruvate oxidation Instructions Eukaryotic cell Bacterial cell Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Cytoplasm

Mutations that inhibit the function of photosystem I but not photosystem II would result in a plant cell that could still generate O produce O2 ATP and NADPH O produce ATP and NADP O produce O 2 ATP and NADP O produce CO 2 and ATP O produce ATP and NADPH

estio After being fed glucose a cell increases its intracellular glucose concentrations by O decreasing glucose breakdown in the cell O increasingglucose synthesis in the cell O increasingmembrane glucose transporters decreasing glucose receptors on the cell O increasingmembrane glucose receptors

Each of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle except ATP acetyl CoA FADH2 CO2

Aerobic respiration generates up to 12 16 24 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule

Activating more muscle units in order to generate more muscle tension is called recruitment isometric contraction recovery muscle tone Question 25 1 point Listen What happens if you don t use a muscle at all a It will get smaller and weaker b It will stay the same d It will grow longer

a sarcolemma Ob sarcoplasm c sarcoplasmic reticulum Question 19 1 point Listen Which myofilament contains myosin the thick filament the thin filament the elastic filament

The intermembrane space is O basic O neutral O acidic

How many nucleotide s should you add to your forward primer to adjust the reading frame if you are planning to use the restriction site BamH I knowing that the subcloning will be done in pGEX5X 3 pGEX 5X 3 27 4586 01 Factor Xa lle Glu Gly Arg Gly lle Pro Arg Asn Ser Arg Val Asp Ser Ser Gly Arg lle Val Thr Asp ATC GAA GGT CGT GGG ATC CCC AGG AAT TCC CGG GTC GAC TCG AGC GGC CGC ATC GTG ACT GAC TGA BamHI EcoRI Sal I Smal Xho I Not I Stop codons 2 1

3 Mark each statement as true or false and correct the false statements so they read as true If a bacterium carries out oxidative metabolism it cannot also carry out fermentation O F media is designed to detect the alkaline byproducts of fermentation O F media provides a single carbohydrate source The O F test is selective for bacteria that conduct fermentation versus aerobic oxidative respiration 57

1 Select the true statement s about O F media select all that apply a It is a differential medium b It is a selective medium c It contains methylene blue as a pH indicator d The test is inoculated in pairs so that the media can be sealed off from atmospheric oxygen in one case but not the e The media can differentiate between bacteria that use both oxidative and fermentation processes from those that o conduct fermentation

Rank the sequence of cross bridge cycling starting with the myosin binding sites being exposed and ending with relaxation due to cross bridge cycling ending Do not overlap any events View Available Hint s Calcium ion concentration decreases below the threshold for binding to troponin First event Calcium ions pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum Power stroke moves thin filament Cross bridges detach from actin Myosin head forms cross bridge with actin Myosin binding sites covered Myosin head is re energized Reset Help ATP attaches to myosin head Last event

In the fungal life cycle if the number of chromosomes in a diploid nucleus is 10 which one of the following statements will be true The spores will also be diploid and have five chromosomes per cell Plasmogamy will produce a dikaryon with five chromosomes The spores will be tetraploid and have 20 chromosomes per cell The spores will be haploid and have five chromosomes per cell

You have discovered a new species of fungus associated with plant roots It invades the cells in the roots forming arbus mycorhizzae Based just upon this character you confidently determine that this fungus is member of the Ascomycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota Zygomycoto

Trace the pathway of food through the digestive system of an earthworm Gizzard Intestine Pharynx Mouth Crop Esophagus Anus

rom the micrograph microscope picture provided here you can determine the c hape and cell size What other characteristics might you need to categorize this acteria as belonging to one of the eight bacterial lineages we examined in lab Lis wo Disregard the phrase nude cell wall it is not relevant to our lab a 1 um Nude cell wa

ntify the cell shape of the cells seen here using the correct terminology regard the phrase nude cell wall it is not relevant to our lab a 2 m 1 m Nude ce IS

Determine whether the micrograph microscope picture of a flagella came Time left 0 19 19 prokaryotic or a eukaryotic organism A cross section and longitudinal section of the flagella have been provided Leewer flagella extending out from cell membrane cross section of flagella

The semi fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the Ostroma O nucleoplasm O ribosome O cytoplasm QUESTION 2 Integrins are glycoproteins that help link the cytoskeleton and the O cytoplasm O cell wall ribosomes O extracellular matrix

QUESTION 3 The X shaped chromosomal hereditary material can be packaged in this organelle in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells This organelle is the O ribosomes O mitochondria O nucleoid Ochloroplast O nucleus QUESTION 4 Some of the functions of the eukaryotic organelles are performed in bacteria by the O plasma membrane O capsule O cell wall O nucleoid area O flagella cilia

Which of the following do not belong to the Eukaryotic Supergroups Mark all that apply Archaebacteria Amoebozoa Archaeplastida Lichens

Match the originating cell to the correct bone cell Osteoblast Osteoclast Osteocyte Mesenchymal stem cell Hematopoietic stem cell V

The majority of organisms in which of these domains carry out the process shown in the Cell division Parent cell New cell wall DNA replication and segregation A Cell separation Cell wall Plasma membrane Two daughter cells Circular DNA molecule DNA is replicated giving rise to two circular DNA molecules The cell expands and a partition is created that isolates the two DNA molecules into separate compartments