Ecology - General Questions and Answers

access to higher education changes in the curriculum the recruitment of more professors of color and the creation of ethnic studies programs These programs were the beginning of multicultural cur riculum reform in higher education From their origins in California eth nic studies programs and departments have survived and proliferated through out the United States After serious cut backs during the budgetary crises of the 1970s and 1980s they are back bigger and stronger than ever Ethnic studies programs have been revitalized reor ganized and reconceptualized Indeed they are increasingly becoming institu tionalized The field of ethnic studies has produced a prodigious amount of new scholarship much of which is good and innovative However as is true in all dis ciplines some of the work is weak The perspectives of ethnic studies are intend ed not only to increase our knowledge base but eventually to transform the dis ciplines Their influence is being widely felt and hotly debated Today there are more than 700 eth nic studies programs and departments in the United States They are represent ed by five established professional associ ations the National Council of Black Studies the National Association of Chi cano Studies the Asian American Studies Association the American Indian Studies Association and the National Association of Ethnic Studies The Association of Puerto Rican Studies was formed in 1992 A disproportionate number of ethnic studies programs are located in public colleges and universities because these institutions are more susceptible to pub riuata cohools cific programs 3 The Department of American Eth nic Studies at the University of Wash ington Seattle was created in 1985 by bringing together programs in African American Asian American and Chicano studies 4 The Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America at the University of Colorado Boulder was created in 1987 by consolidating existing programs in black studies and Chicano studies and adding new programs in Asian American and American Indian studies Aside from the West Bowling Green State University in Ohio has one of the oldest ethnic studies departments which was founded in 1979 During the decades in which ethnic studies programs were established and grew strong American society under went dramatic changes that continue to this day The civil rights movement might have removed the last vestiges of legal apartheid in the United States However other ways have been invented to deny equal opportunity to the historically mar ginalized communities of color In the 25 years since the issuance of the Kerner Commission Report which spoke of two Americas one rich one poor one white one black the gulf that divides the nation has grown wider than ever Today 1 of the population of the U S has gained control of more of the na tion s wealth than the bottom 90 This situation parallels the stark and painful inequality in much of the Third World Significant demographic changes have also taken place in the United States in the last 25 years Since 1965 when U S immigration laws eliminated the national origins quotas that favored Europeans Page 3 of 6 coming colored and increasingly more terns the U S population is rapidly be diverse language music art literature and other in race ethnicity religion cultural expressions In fact with more than half of its population already high ly diversified California provides a glimpse of the nation s future It will be an oxymoronic majority minority state by 2050 The relatively high birthrate of minority Americans as well as their low er age distribution will mean that ever increasing numbers of people of color will fill our classrooms and enter our work force In order to bring about a truly pluralis tic democracy our education system at all levels not only must reflect the nation s diversity in its student body faculty and curriculum but also must seek to achieve comparable educational outcomes for all groups in society The education reforms known collectively as multiculturalism one example of which is the integra tion of ethnic studies into the college cur riculum I have as major goals the es tablishment of democratic pluralism and the achievement of educational equity THE NATURE OF ETHNIC STUDIES What is ethnic studies First the field is distinct from global or internation al studies particularly those program known generally as area studies wit which ethnic studies is often compare and confused Area studies program arose out of American imperialism in the Third World and bear names such a African studies Asian studies and Lat in American studies These programm were designed to focus on U S Thir World relations and to train specialist

21 4 Describe two groups of microbes at the vents along with their metabolic activities that facilitate symbiosis and or genera metabolism in these communities How do these organisms interact with the biogeochemistry at the vents and in the deep ocean Ch 21 How does the structure of the host and microbe impact functionality of the symbiosis

Required information The following information applies to the questions displayed below In 2023 Elaine paid 2 000 of tuition and 680 for books for her dependent son to attend State University this past fall as a freshman Elaine files a joint return with her husband What is the maximum American opportunity tax credit that Elaine can claim for the tuition payment and books in each of the following alternative situations Note Leave no answer blank Enter zero if applicable b Elaine s AGI is 172 500 Note Round your intermediate calculations to the Nearest whole dollar amount American opportunity tax credit

Describe 3 of the vital signals that geologists can monitor in order to forecast a volcanic eruption make sure to fully describe how these are measured and interpreted

The amniotic egg provides what kind of advantage for the Amniotes O protects the eggs from UV radiation O protects the egg from desiccation O protects the egg and developing embryo from predator attack

What are your null and alternate hypotheses ull Hypotheses ants will not gravitate more towards high sugar foods than they will towards low gar ods ternative Hypotheses ants will gravitate more towards high sugar foods than they will low sugar ods What is your prediction rediction that ants will gravitate more towards high Sugar food than low sugar food due to their eference for energy rich source When an ant discovers a sugar source it employs multiple strategies to communicate this finding to its nestmates One such strategy involves the release of chemical signals known as pheromones along its foraging path These pheromones serve as a trail marker guiding other ants from the colony to the food source As more ants follow the pheromone trail and reach the sugar source they contribute to the reinforcement of the trail by depositing additional pheromones This positive feedback loop strengthens the trail making it increasingly attractive to other ants and effectively creating a gravitational pull towards the sugar source The intensity of this gravitational pull depends on factors such as the concentration of pheromones the distance to the sugar source and the size of the ant colony In addition to pheromone trails ants possess highly sensitive chemosensory receptors that enable them to detect and respond to minute concentrations of sugar molecules in their environment This ability allows ants to locate sugar sources even in the absence of a pheromone trail further enhancing their foraging efficiency Moreover environmental factors such as temperature humidity and competition from other organisms can influence the strength and direction of the gravitational pull towards sugar In conclusion the phenomenon of gravitation in ants towards different levels of sugar is a multifaceted process driven by chemical communication sensory perception and environmental cues Through the coordinated efforts of individual foragers and the collective behavior of the colony ants are able to efficiently locate and exploit sugar resources ensuring their survival and reproductive success

Which of the following correctly summarize the overall process of photosynthesis Check all that apply Check All That Apply CO2 2H2O hv CH2O H2O O2 Water is absorbed by plant roots and combines with carbon dioxide in the leaves in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen gas 6CO2 12 H2O hv C6H12O6 602 6 H2O CO2 H2O hv CH206 O2 H2O C6H12O6 6026CO2 C6H12O6 6 H2O

A cardiac cycle is Multiple Choice O the flow of electrical impulses through the heart the time it takes for blood to flow through all the entire body and return to the the time between each pulse one set of atrial contractions followed by one set of ventricular contractions

From our population growth models our population of 8 billion people would take years to double at growth rate of 1 8 However Hans Rosling predicts the world population to be around 11 billion at the end of this century which contradicts the growth model estimate Why What differs between the two estimates Be precise

What differentiates deep ecology from mainstream ecology

An ecologist decides to study the effect of pathogens of the pollinator of a particular plant species on the reproductive success of the pollinator Which level of ecological study does this variable represents Ecosystems ecology Organismal ecology O Community ecology Population ecology Global ecology

6 We can describe the sequence of the formation of a sedimentary rock as being weathering erosion transportation deposition lithification Where along this sequence would you place the pro glacial clays and the outwash deposits Why

Which phase s of cellular respiration release carbon dioxide as a waste product Glycolysis and Electron Transport Chain Citric Acid Cycle Only Citric Acid Cycle Prep and Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain Only

Which of the following equations best summarizes photosynthesis a 6 CO2 6 H2O light energy C6H1206 6 02 6 CO2 6 H2O 6 02 C6H1206 6 CO2 6 02 light energy C6H12O6 6 H2O C6H12O6 6 026 CO2 6 H2O ATP

10 Examine the following Punnett squares d D P D a d A a

Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to produce more ATP than is possible through complete aerobic respiration produce ATP using the electron transport chain regenerate NADH produce small amounts of ATP without 02

orbs a photon TRUE regarding the behavior of a chlorophyll molecule as it An electron goes from the excited state to the ground state Light is released The energy of a photon raises an electron to the excited state ATP is broken down Question 18 1 point Listen Plant cells do not need chloroplasts because their mitochondria meet their energy needs have chloroplasts and mitochondria use carbon dioxide but do not use oxygen Iria because their chloroplasts meet their energy needs

What is the name of the process when organisms produce ATP in anaerobic environments How does this process work Please provide 2 examples of organisms that complete this process and list the warto

en Please list and explain 3 ways that meiosis contributo Paragraph

iscussion Post A oard Posts 25 total e of your participation you will write 200 word minimum the readings as well as responding to at least one other post In I want to see concrete examples where you critically reflect on the is can include citing specific photographs and photographers Connections between different readings ideas themes and or the n argument Please refer to my separate guide on discussion posts ails Posts are due by Sunday 6pm almost every week There will not rtunity to post after the deadline so make sure you enter the due Thrift is the watchword of Jewtown as of its people the world over It is at once its strength and its fatal weakness its cardinal virtue and its foul dis grace Become an over mastering passion with these people who come here in droves from Eastern Europe to escape persecution from which freedom could be bought only with gold it has enslaved them in bondage worse than that from which they fled Money is their God Despite that the book is a landmark in American social reform 2 Always a muck raking reformer who recognized the value of photographs as social documents Riis continued to lecture as well as write He eventually published more than a dozen books including his autobiography The Making of an American 1901 and he remained an indefatigable magic lantern lecturer Although not free from prej udice and stereotypes his blend of amusement and instruction impelled civic minded people to act After Theodore Roosevelt became governor of New York in 1899 he worked with Riis to institute reforms Through his lectures and publica tions Riis demonstrated that photographs in combination with words could di rect social activity As part of this American wave of social reform Lewis Wickes Hine 1874 1940 a sociologist from Columbia University who became interested in artistic photog raphy began to photograph at Ellis Island in 1904 where 71 percent of all immi grants to America landed between 1892 and 1924 Hine taught camera courses and took his students such as Paul Strand to Stieglitz s 291 gallery As a teacher at the Ethical Culture School in New York a vital setting for the progressive move ment Hine employed photography to combat the rampant prejudice against the newly arrived peoples from eastern and southern Europe Using a 5 x 7 inch cam notential of these newly arrived individuals Hine s

Elaphrobates euzeti One of approximately 130 blood flukes that have been identified in bony fish this worm infects the heart and gills of red snapper E euzeti is one of over 100 parasite species attracted to red snapper but it s the only one known to specialize on this fish s blood Griphobilharzia amoeng Crocodiles are more closely related to humans than they are to turtles But when we look at their parasites the opposite is true that is croc and turtle blood flukes are most similar This is an example of host switching in which two distantly related organisms e g crocs and turtles share a closely related parasite likely because of overlapping environments e g freshwater Hapalotrema mehrai Current research suggests that humans and green sea turtles are actually more genetically different than their blood flukes are H mehrgi looks and acts much more like the fluke that inhabits humans than the one that affects freshwater turtles Schistosoma mansoni This worm parasitizes 83 million people and can damage the spleen bladder lungs and liver S mansoni s eggs exit the body through urine and feces and then seek out aquatic snails where they multiply and grow To complete their life cycle the parasites return to the water in search of human skin to penetrate once more Spirochis haematobius As some fish were evolving into the early tetrapods that later gave rise to organisms like turtles their parasites adapted as well and began to split off into different families S haematobius parasitizes the freshwater snapping turtle and is part of a family of blood flukes that infect turtles and crocodiles BUILD A TREE MISSION 5 S mansoni H mehrai G amoena S haematobius T position 8 C position 7 T position 2 If blood flukes were to exhibit strict cophyly over millions of years you would predict that blood flukes would Evolve in a way that s completely different from their current host Evolve in a manner that parallels the evolution of their host Spread to a species that s not closely related Take a bow In cophyly parasites evolve in parallel with their hosts 1 E euzeti G amoena H mehrai S mansoni S haematobius A T T T T GC T CT CT T TC T position 4 NEXT XXX

Type of Plate Starch test Casein DNase Specific enzyme tested Amylase Specific Substrate Starch

At a certain vineyard it is found that each grape vine produces about 10 lb of grapes in a season when about 700 vines are planted per acre For each additional vine that is planted the production of each vine decreases by percent So the number of pounds of grapes produced per acre is modeled by A n 700 n 10 0 01n where n is the number of additional vines planted Find the number of vines that should be planted to maximize grape production X vines

discussion 10 points possible due Mar 10 at 7pm Discussion Post A oard Posts 25 total e of your participation you will write 200 word minimum the readings as well as responding to at least one other post In want to see concrete examples where you critically reflect on This can include citing specific photographs and ers theoretical connections between different readings ideas or the author s own argument Please refer to my separate cussion posts for full details Posts are due by Sunday 6pm week There will not be an opportunity to post after the make sure you enter the due dates into your calendar now so n t miss them Keep in mind that our reading assignments will but not identical material to the weekly lectures I have me readings so they foreshadow the content we cover in lecture it is essential you do the readings prior to the lecture this form you ready to engage with lecture content in plates enabling quick stealth like exposures earning these machines the nick name of detective cameras One camera is mythically associated with amateur photography the Kodak Coined by George Eastman 1854 1932 a former bank employee from Rochester NY the Kodak name began as a camera model but quickly became a brand and company name that dominated the amateur market Introduced in 1888 the first Kodak was a simple 3 x 3 x 6 inch box camera weighing about 25 ounces including film It had a 57mm f 9 fixed focus lens and a barrel shutter that could make 100 circular images 2 inches in diameter For 25 a tidy sum at the time a Kodak came factory loaded with paperbacked Eastman s American Film ready for a user to point shoot advance film and shoot again Ninety nine more exposures later the roll was completed and the camera ready to ship back to the Eastman factory for processing and printing thus making what soon would be known as Eastman Kodak Co the first nationwide photofinishing business and sanctioning Rochester as a future a hub of photographic activity Contact prints from each negative and mounted on gilt edged chocolate brown

Select the correct order of the basic steps of ion exchange chromatography Elution regeneration equilibrium sample application Equilibrium sample application elution regeneration Regeneration elution sample application equilibrium Equilibrium sample application regeneration elution

Theropod dinosaurs had which of the following novelties compared to other dinsoaurs recurved teeth s shaped neck three toes on ground on hind foot Obipedal gait

Ornithischian dinosaurs had viscious recurved teeth for hunting prey O True O False

Which of the following is the correct binomial name for the killer whale whose full classificatio is Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Artiodactyla Delphinidae Orcinus orca a orcinus orca b Orcinus orca c D Orcinus Orca

Double click on the Crater Rock marker this will zoom you to the spot of the most recent eruption on the volcano Explore the area around immediately around Crater Rock and describe what it looks like In the next question I will ask you to describe the part of the Sandy River that is called Debris Fan so focus on Crater Rock for this question You will want to look for vegetation rock size color etc Please limit your observations to less than 250 meters on either side of this feature

AOTD which of the following is a critical function for the blue blood of the horseshoe crab providing nutrition to their offspring O immune clotting of foreign substances visual perception in blue water Digesting algae the scrape off of rocks

Fossilized stromatolites resemble structures formed by bacterial communities that are found today in some shallow marine bays formed around deep sea vents more than 2 8 billion years old have not been discovered provide evidence that photosynthesis was occurring in the oceans by 2 5 billion years ago

Why might a fruit be covered in prickly hooks To keep it from being eaten To help the seed germinate To attract insects To aid in seed dispersal To allow it to float on water

You are asked to consult on a spill of heavy metals and aromatic compounds in a benthic anoxic environment near some Ch 14 Bioremediation thermal vents 1 What strategies might you employ to begin clean up and 2 What concerns must you address

h In biological cells the actual AG of a given reaction may differ significantly from the predicted AG Consider a reaction in which reactants A and B are reversibly converted to products C and D When the value of AGis zero at thermodynamic equilibrium the reaction proceeds equally well in forward and reverse But what if the concentrations of products and reactants are not equal To determine the effect of relative concentrations of reactants and products on actual AG we use AG AG 2 303 RTlog C D A B where Ris the gas constant R 8 315 J K mol and Tis the absolute temperature in kelvins 298 K which is equal to 25 C V 1st attempt See Hint If a reaction has a AG close to zero but the actual ratio of products in the cell is very large i e 104 what would the corresponding effect be on actual AG and reaction direction compared to standard conditions AG Choose one or more OA There would be no change in AG relative to AG OB There would be no change in reaction direction OC The reactants would increase relative to AG OD The AGwould be more positive than AG OE The products would increase relative to A G than A

O Auxin such as Indoleacetic Acid IAA Gibberellin Ethylene O Cytokinin Abscisic Acid Brassinosteroids Question 2 1 pts Identify the class of hormone that promotes the growth of lateral buds and prevents the senescence of leaves

Abscisic acid Question 4 auxins closure Question 5 5 proteins and Identify the class of hormone that promotes cell elongation and inhibits lateral growth of buds 1 pts 1 pts

Which of the following findings support the hypothesis that Geobacter pili act as electrically conductive nanowires Choose one or more A Geobacter produces a current in fuel cells when provided with acetate B Conductivity of isolated pili is not affected by temperature and pH C Cells produce more pili when no oxidant is available D Cells unable to produce a type IV secretion system can still generate current E Cells genetically modified to produce more pili generate more current

In the chapter review the figure on the limitation of the phylogenetic tree which evolved

Question 5 A bacteriophage can infect O the lungs O viruses O prions O bacteria

5 Ground truthing the Land Plant phylogeny Phylogenies are fundamentally just hypotheses For example no one was present during the hundreds of millions of years over which land plant evolution took place No one watched it happen and documented the branching pattern of their evolutionary history The Land Plant phylogeny that we use in this class is a conjecture based on cladistic analysis and other phylogeny reconstruction techniques It is definitely a conjecture that makes sense but did plants really evolve in the exact order that the phylogeny depicts How can we ever know for sure Is there any independent way to assess it Using first appearance data can help evaluate a phylogenetic hypothesis The term first appearance means the age of the oldest known fossil in a given group The branching sequence on a phylogeny proceeds through time from the bottom upward Theoretically then organisms on branches lower on the tree should have appeared first in time and should have an older fossil record compared to organisms to belong to branches higher on the tree

34 1 2 V SYNTHESIS DESCRIBING FINDINGS EXERCISE 1 Now it s your choice For the following you can label all of the sketches at once and then go back and label corresponding structures within each image with your lab partner or work with an image and its accompany ing sketch at the same time Either way the goal is to label all of the sketches correctly and carefully com pare the sketch with the sonographic image Description Figure 1 7 bottom in the textbook LIVER 3 2 Please review the section in your textbook titled Ho to Describe Ultrasound Findings Use your textbord below each image and accompanying sketch Reme and write a description of the ultrasound findings differentiate abnormal echo patterns from norma ber that you want to echo patterns document any differences in echo pattern appear ance and describe any difference in echo pattern appearance using sonographic terminology Figure 1 9 in the textbook I

Each color is characteristic of a distinct visible light color of an object is because the object does not wavelength absorb reflect wavelength We can see the that particular light

Immediate or acute HTR involves Associated with hemolysis O IgG minutes hours extravascular O Rh hours days extravascular O ABO minutes hours intravascular O Kidd minutes hours intravascular ABO immediately minutes intravascular Onset is within to

A patient has a positive antibody screen and positive antibody panel The identification panel revealed anti Le as the offending antibody The neutralization technique was performed on his sample The control and the Lewis neutralized sera were both negative when retested with panel cells How should this test be interpreted O The sample was probably diluted O The panel cells were not washed sufficiently O All answers are correct O The antibody originally identified was probably not anti Leb O The anti Leb was successfully neutralized no underlying antibodies were found

Angiosperms have a suite of novelties that make them extremely competitive in an ecological sense One relates to fertilization First use the first photo below as a guide to explain how plants perform pollination more efficiently than a conifer for example Second choose a novelty of angiosperms that does not have to do with pollination that also makes this group so ecologically competitive

Insulin binds to a receptor which leads to a cascade which causes increase in glu transport on cell surfaces Instructions On the flowchart to the left fill in the missing steps of the signal transduction pathway see figure 13 20 In addition in 1 or 2 sentences explain what a kinase does see figure 13 9 for help What to submit submit as a word doc or pdf Kinase What is the major source of phosphate for most kinases Insulin Insulin receptor Cross phosphorylation Enzymatic Reaction Amplification Protein Lipid Interaction Enzymatic Reaction Protein Protein Interaction Enzymatic Reaction Amplification Amplification

Description Membrane lipids are composed of three parts two fatty acids a glycerol and a phosphate with an R group Fatty Acid Phosphatidylserine R A Glycerol Phosphate containing R group O T O R Instructions Using good old fashioned pen and paper pencil is ok too draw in the structure of each membrane lipid and label the fatty acid glycerol and phosphate group see figure 11 7 for example Take a photo of your work make sure it is completely readable and submit note the app Turbo Scan works very well small cost iScanner is also available for free What to submit Submit the structures as a PDF or image Phosphatidylcholine

6 If bacteria cannot sexually reproduce how do they develop genetic variation Explain the processes conjugation transformation and transduction in your response and the role each plays in creating genetic variation

4 For 9 Explain why a amino acids 5 What role does tRNA play in translation How is it different from mRNA in its function and structure 6 If bacteria cannot sexually reproduce how do they develop genetic variation Explain the processes role cach plays in creating

Compare and Contrast DNA Polymerase and RNA Polymerase How are they similar and how are they different Think about their basic functions and requirements as well as what purposes they serve for their respective processes on would only code for four