Anatomy and Physiology Questions

Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? A). ability to survive without oxygen B). need for abundant glucose C). longevity D). inability to divide (by mitosis) E). high metabolic rate

Which of the following statements is false? A). The obturator nerve comes from the lumbar plexus. B). The radial nerve innervates muscles in the posterior upper limb. C). The sciatic nerve comes from the lumbar plexus. D). The median nerve comes from the brachial plexus. E.) The ulnar nerve comes from the brachial plexus.

Consider the thyroid and parathyroid glands together. Which of the following statements is false? A). The thyroid gland produces calcitonin. B). Thyroid hormone is secreted by follicular cells. C). There are four parathyroid glands. D). There are two thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). E) Parathyroid hormone decreases the blood level of calcium.

Consider white matter and gray matter in the CNS. Which of the following statements is false? A). Clusters of neuron cell bodies are located in the gray matter B). White matter tracts are only found in the spinal cord. They are not found in the brain. C). The white matter is composed of myelinated axons. D). Tracts are bundles of axons. E). The gray matter is the site where synapses occur.

Where do the allele variations of a gene originate? A) one from mom and one from dad. B) both come from dad. C) both come from mom.

Why do males present with the phenotype for sex-linked traits more often than females? A) because those traits are carried on the y chromosome. B) because those traits are not carried on the y chromosome. C) because males are more likely to express physical traits.

Which of the following cells secretes releasing or inhibiting hormones? A). hypothalamic neurons B). medullary chromaffin cells C).cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary D). parafollicular cells

Why is a DNA size standard used alongside the DNA sample to be tested? A) it is a control to make sure the test works. B) It contains known DNA alleles for comparison. C) it is used to compare the relative DNA size of the tested sample.

Why is an electric current used to push DNA through the gel in gel electrophoresis? A) the flow of the current moves the DNA physically through the gel. B) DNA is positively charged and moves toward the positive pole. C) DNA is negatively charged and moves away from the negative pole.

Which of the following DNA strands would be a complement to this one? GACCATGC A) CUGGUACG. B) GTCCTAGC. C) CTGGTACG.

When translating from DNA to RNA, RNA uses uracil in place of what DNA nitrogenous base? A) thymine. B) adenine. C) guanine.

What must be done in order to see the bands of DNA in the gel after the electrophoresis? A) DNA must be stained. B) it has to be soaked in water. C) infrared light is used.

The gelatin used in gel electrophoresis is derived from what plant? A) seaweed. B) dandelion. C) algae.

Which of these things occur at the neuromuscular junction: a)action potential of motor neuron causes acetylcholine release and action potential in muscle fiber b))the monosynaptic stretch reflex c)the polysynaptic inhibitory reflex d)central pattern generators

Which of these is not a function of sleep? a)consolidation of non-declarative memories b)allowing all your neurons to completely stop firing so the brain can rest c)"housekeeping" or clearing waste products from your brain d)consolidation of declarative memories

Why is a comb placed into the gel as it sets up? A) it smooths out any inconsistencies in the gel. B) it defines where the current will run. C) it provides wells in which the samples will go.

All of the following statements about the classification of neurons is true except for: A). Bipolar neurons have two neuron processes. B). The retina of the eye contains bipolar neurons. C). The least abundant type of neuron in the body is the multipolar neuron. D). Unipolar neurons are found mainly in the peripheral nervous system. E.) A multipolar neuron contains more than two neuron processes.

Sensory input from the skin would follow the A). sympathetic nerve pathway. B). descending tracts of the spinal cord. C). ventral root of spinal nerves to the spinal cord. D). dorsal root of spinal nerves to the spinal cord. E). pathway of autonomic neurons.

The hypothalamus is involved with all of the following functions except for the A). release of hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. B).regulation of hunger and thirst sensations. C).regulation of visceral motor functions, such as digestive tract activities. D). secretion of dopamine. E). regulation of body temperature.

Which of the following statements is false? A). Acromegaly can result in enlargement of hands, feet, and/or facial features. B). Acromegaly is due to the abnormal secretion of growth hormone in adults. C). Hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood causes gigantism. D). In proportionate dwarfism, some parts of the body are small while other parts of the body are average or above average in size. E). Dwarfism can be treated by injections of synthetic growth hormone during childhood.

The area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve is: a)a dermatome, and adjacent spinal nerves supply nearby areas of skin. b)a dermatome, and the ordering of the spinal nerves is unrelated to the locations on the body that they innervate. c)a receptive field, and adjacent spinal nerves supply adjacent receptive fields. d)a somatotopic receptive line whose topography is the same as the vesticular cilia.

What part of your brain is responsible for taking a stream of sound like "cantaloupe" as said by a little kid and analyzing it into the units "can-ta-loop" and figuring out that it refers to the same thing as the stream of sound "cantaloupe" said by someone with a very deep voice? a) Wernicke's area b)visual word form area c)Broca's area d) arcuate fasciculus

The right cerebral hemisphere has primary control over all of the following functions except for A). artistic ability. B). ability to solve math problems. C) reading facial expressions. D). visual-spatial skills. E.) musical ability

Drug A gets in the way of synaptic transmission: it makes a postsynaptic potential less likely to happen; Drug B is a "helper" - it makes a postsynaptic potential more likely to happen. Drug Ais a ___and Drug B is a___ a)agonist; antagonist b)antagonist; agonist c) blockinator, facilitationist d)antagonist: facilitationist

If a neurologist gives you a test similar to what happens during a suspected DUI (checking for balance, having you walk in a straight line, etc), which part of the nervous system do they suspect you might have problems with? a) cerebellum b)basal ganglia c)reticular formation d)spinal cord

Which of these parts of the auditory system is most analogous to photoreceptors in the visual system (e.g. performs a comparable role)? a)vestibulocochlear nerve axons b)hair cells c)cochlear nuclei d)superior olive

Let's say we are playing 20 questions and I say I am thinking of a neuron that is located in tons of different places all over the brain and secretes its neurotransmitters in tons of different places all over the brain. Which one of these do you think I am thinking of? a)a dopaminergic neuron b) a GABAnergic neuron c) an acetylcholinergic neuron d) a serotonergic neuron

All of the following statements about multiple sclerosis (MS) are true except for: A). In MS, the disease process affects the myelin surrounding axons in the central nervous system. B). The disease can be characterized by periods of relapse and remission, C). The etiology (cause) of the disease is not yet fully understood. D). Symptoms only involve voluntary motor control over the muscles in the upper and/or lower limbs. E). MS is an autoimmune disease.

All of the following statements about myelin and conduction are true except for: A). Myelin prevents the leakage of electrical (nerve) impulse during its conduction. B). Myelin increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction. C). Nodes of Ranvier decrease the speed of nerve impulse conduction. D). Myelin contains lipid and protein components. E). A Schwann cell wraps around an axon in concentric layers in a jellyroll-like structure) to form a myelin sheath.

Which of the following statements about neuroglia is false? A). Microglia engulf and destroy invading microorganisms in the central nervous system (CNS). B). Ependymal cells regulate and help to maintain the correct ion levels in the environment surrounding neurons. C). Astrocytes provide the building blocks for neurotransmitters. D). Satellite cells surround the cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. E). Astrocytes are the most abundant neuroglial cell in the CNS.

Mia is drinking a sweet orange soda. Which type of receptor allows her to taste the sugar that is dissolved in the soda? A). thermoreceptors B). nociceptors C).proprioceptors D).mechanoreceptors E). chemoreceptors

Which of the following statements about the phrenic nerve is false? A). It originates from the cervical plexus. B). There is a left phrenic nerve and a right phrenic nerve. C). It is formed from the ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 through C4. D). It innervates the diaphragm.

Neural centers that control heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure are located in the_____ A.thalamus B.frontal lobe C.midbrain D.medulla oblongata E.left cerebral hemisphere

Identify the area of the brain responsible for recognizing that you are looking at a piece of paper Broca's Speech area Primary visual cortex Primary somatic motor cortex Visual association area

Which of the following best describes the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? The sympathetic division includes more neurons and therefore exerts a stronger influence over the body's functions. Both divisions are responsible for increasing and decreasing heart rate. The sympathetic division excites most effector tissues, while the parasympathetic inhibits some of the same effector tissues. The sympathetic division is not found inside visceral organs, while the parasympathetic is.

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for transmitting motor information to the superior oblique extrinsic eye muscle? Cranial nerve IX (9) Cranial nerve III (3) Cranial nerve IV (4) Cranial nerve VI (6)

Identify the significance of the Circumventricular Organs (CVOS CVOS refer to areas of the brain responsible for modulating heart rate and respiration as part of homeostatic feedback loops. CVOS allow for the passage of molecules from the blood into nervous tissue. CVOS are areas of the brain lacking a blood-brain barrier that help monitor homeostasis of blood. CVOS refer to any nuclei of the central nervous system involved in regulating heart rate and respiration.

Which of the following best describes dual innervation? Any organ with multiple sensory pathways running towards the central nervous system. Any organ with multiple motor pathways running away from the central nervous system. Any organ with autonomic innervation. Any organ with both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.

Which of the following best describes the blood-brain barrier? a permeable barrier of epithelial and connective tissues separating blood from nervous tissue. a semipermeable barrier made of connective tissue separating blood from nervous tissue. an extension of the dura matter that separates blood from nervous tissue. a semipermeable barrier made of glial cells and epithelium separating blood from nervous tissue.

Which of the following areas of the body would you expect to have the largest area of the cerebral cortex dedicated to interpreting sensory information from that area? one square inch of skip on your cheek one square inch of skin on your calf one square inch of skin on your posterior hand a suare inch of the skin on the anterior of a fingertip

Which of the following best describes the reticular-activating system (RAS)? A series of neural connections responsible for making us fall asleep and wake up. It controls which sensory stimuli reach the cerebral cortex. Neural pathways radiating from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex responsible for arousal. Radiations of white matter between the reticular formation and cerebral cortex.

The neural pathways involved in working through a test methodically and with strategy would be more pronounced in which cerebral hemisphere? left right

Choose the general effect the sympathetic nervous system would have on the following: Respiratory Airway Diameter no effect increase decrease

Choose the general effect the parasympathetic nervous system would have on the following: sweat gland secretions decrease no effect increase

Identify the area of the brain responsible for alerting you to the light currently around you. Primary somatic motor cortex Broca's Speech area Primary visual cortex Visual association area

Which of the following statements is true of people involved in the leadership relationship? a)They share a passive relationship. b) They seek changes dictated by leaders. c) They intentionally desire significant changes. d)They use coercion to bring about change.

Which of the following muscles is involved in chewing gum? Splenius Capitus Orbicularis Oris Zygomaticus Major Masseter

Describe the normal digestion of lactose (including its subunits), and what is different about the digestive system of lactose intolerant individuals. Include how this difference results in the symptoms associated with lactose intolerance. Hint: You may want to review the carbohydrate section of Chapter 2 as well.

A patient has an 80% blockage of his left anterior descending coronary artery. Describe what occurs in terms of myocardial oxygen supply and demand if his sympathetic nervous system is stimulated.

If the membranes of the cardiac muscle cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the membrane will depolarize. stroke volume will increase. heart rate will decrease. intracellular concentration of calcium ion will increase. heart rate will increase.