Biology Questions

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use which of the following to turn certain genes on or off O RNA transcriptase DNA ligase regulatory proteins intron segments

Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct order O glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle oxidative phosphorylation the citric acid cycle and glycolysis glycolysis the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis and the citric acid cycle O the citric acid cycle oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis

Which of the following not a synapomorphy of animal phyla they have muscles multicelluar they are heterotrophs O they move under their own power at some point in their life cycle

20 m Hyphae extend outward into the soil Hyphae extend inward between cells Hyphae form a dense continuous sheath around root STARK STATE SITATH Hyphae extend outward into the soil Hyphae extend inward penetrate cell wall and contact plasma membrane A depicts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus B depicts endophytic fungus A depicts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus B depicts ectomycorrhizal fungus A depicts ectomycorrhizal fungus B depicts endophytic fungus A depicts ectomycorrhizal fungus B depicts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus 10 um

Which one of the following is false DNA fingerprinting typically compares only a few selected portions of a DNA molecule A DNA fingerprint is a specific pattern of electrophoresis bands O The markers most often used in DNA fingerprinting are coding sections of DNA DNA fingerprinting can be used to establish family relationships DNA fingerprints are now accepted as compelling evidence by legal experts and scientists

Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis O Mitosis but not meiosis occurs in somatic cells All of the choices are correct O Cells produced by mitosis are diploid cells produced by meiosis are haploid O In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice O In meiosis four daughter cells are produced whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced

O is hydrophobic O consists of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol O O plays a role in energy storage is a type of fat All of the choices are correct

Which one of the following best describes the sequence of events of translation O O peptide bond formation translocation codon recognition termination codon recognition translocation peptide bond formation termination codon recognition peptide bond formation termination translocation peptide bond formation codon recognition translocation termination codon recognition peptide bond formation translocation termination

estic Which of the following statements is are true about dehydration synthesis One monomer loses a hydrogen atom and the other loses a hydroxyl group Electrons are shared between atoms of the joined monomers H O is formed as the monomers are joined Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers All of the choices are correct

Mutations in the p53 gene can lead to cancer by O O increasing the production of glycogen which nourishes the cell cycle turning off a gene for a protein that inhibits cell division causing the production of excessive amounts of relay proteins promoting the expression of mRNA that can interact with DNA resulting in new mutations increasing the production of growth hormones which trigger faster cell cycles

Nucleotides O O O contain sugar molecules contain nitrogenous bases can be linked together to form nucleic acids contain phosphate groups All of the choices are correct

Which one of the following sequences best describes the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component O protein RNA DNA O DNA amino acid RNA protein DNA tRNA mRNA protein DNA RNA protein RNA RNA RNA protein

The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of ribosomes and steroid hormones mitochondria and proteins that are to be secreted by the cell membrane and proteins to be secreted by the cell hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell chromatin and mitochondria

Unlike animal cells plant cells have animal cells have chloroplasts cell walls a nucleus centrioles chloroplasts cell walls and centrioles cell walls large central vacuoles chloroplasts cell walls centrioles Unlike plant cells

Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis O ATP NADPH CO glucose ADP NADP ATP NADPH O ADP NADP 02 glucose ADP NADP CO2

Using the Argument Sandwich Outline which of the following is Warrant 1 A the improved efficiency B the enhanced energy power C the reason for increased reliability Body Paragraph Structure Claim We should use ocean wave energy as the primary energy resource to produce powerful energy Argument Sandwich Outline Data 1 the increase in reliability Warrant 1 Data 2 the improved efficiency

In a typical male or female 25 of body mass is other tissues in the body True False

Flexibility exercises have been prescribed successfully to treat which three physical issues ODysmenorrhea general neuromuscular tension trigger points in fascia OType 2 diabetes prediabetes low blood sugar Arthritis varicose veins inflammation OGl issues such as IBS Crohns and diverticulitis Muscular weakness strains cramps

In what state was Three Mile Island located O New York O New Jersey O Pennsylvania O Rhode Island

In the 1980s the fastest growing minority group in the United States was O Latinos O Asians O Hondurans O Jamaicans

was the Iran Contra Affair O Actions taken to stop the spread of communism in Germany O A conspiracy that involved selling weapons to Iran O Actions that started a war between the United States and Iran O Alter the public s perception of the

Points 1 What way did President Reagan stimulate the economy Raised taxes O Increased minimum wage O Decreased taxes O Expanded welfare

In an isolated population of 50 desert bighorn sheep homozygosity for a recessive allele c causes curled coats The wild type dominant allele C produces straight coats A biologist studying these sheep counts 4 with curled coats She also takes blood samples from all of the sheep in the population for DNA analysis which reveals that 17 of the sheep are heterozygous carriers of the callele What is the coefficient of inbreeding F for this population Begin by calculating values for p frequency of C and q frequency of c without assuming random mating O 0 08 O 0 91 O 0 09 O 0 25

Diversity 0 0012 0 0006 0 0000 5 UTR 1st exon 1st intron Middle exon Other intron 200 bp upstream 3 UTR Last exon 200 bp downstream This image was shown and discussed in Video 4 3 Which statement below best describes how these data were interpreted in the 1000 genomes study of 2010 describing sequence variation across the genome among 1000 genetically diverse humans O Genetic drift occurs preferentially in the coding portions of genes O Genetic drift occurs preferentially in the non coding portions of genes O Selective sweeps reduce allelic diversity in coding portions compared to non coding portions of genes Negative selection preferentially suppresses the accumulation of DNA sequence variation in the coding portions of genes O Mutations occur less often in the coding portions of genes compared to the non coding portions

A child is born to parents who are first cousins neither of these parents has sickle cell anemia note that the inbreeding coefficient for a child born to first cousin parents was calculated in Video 4 2 If the frequency of HbS the hemoglobin allele causing sickle cell anemia in homozygotes is 0 1 in the ancestry group to which these parents belong what is the probability that the child will have sickle cell anemia O 0 016 O 0 100 O 0 020 0 010

All forms of selection involve individuals with inherited genetic differences competing within a population Selection outcomes are determined by fitness a measure of Genotypes that are advantageous to fitness are positively selected causing an individuals with that genotype over time When a genotype is disadvantageous to fitness selection will in frequency of the frequency of individuals with that genotype over time One possible outcome of selection is fixation which means that a particular of a given gene is the only one present in the population

people You are an epidemiologist visiting an isolated village in the sub Saharan African nation of Somalia There are 30 in this village and you diagnose 25 with sickle cell anemia which is a recessive autosomal disorder Assume that mating is random in this population and round to 3 decimals in your calculations Part 1 What is the frequency of the recessive phenotype What is the frequency of the recessive allele Part 2 Given the frequency of the recessive allele what is the frequency of the dominant allele O 0 083 O 0 957 O 0 917 O 0 711 Part 3 Given the information you have determined so far in order to calculate the predicted frequency of heterozygotes in the population you should now take the frequency of the two alleles p Vand q to calculate the final answer which is Now calculate the estimated number of formula of and use the

Why didn t FDR support proposed civil rights laws of the time O He was racist O He only helped minorities to satisfy his wife O He feared losing votes from Southern whites O He didn t care about gaining minority votes

Insensitivity to poison ivy is a dominant trait assume that it is determined by alleles of a single gene for this problem In a population of 400 people living in an isolated community in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium 350 people are sensitive to poison ivy and develop a rash after contacting the toxic plant and 50 are insensitive and do not react What is the frequency of the dominant allele round your values to 3 decimal points O 0 125 O 0 353 O 0 935 O 0 875 O 0 065

To teach the necessity of respect for the rights of persons and property as fundamental to every form of government to teach the duty of government to encourage and protect individual and group initiative and enterprise to foster the right to work earn save and acquire property and to preserve the ownership and lawful use of property when acquired Based on this statement and your own knowledge this mission statement belongs to O the John Birch Society O the American Liberty League O the Chamber of Commerce O the Sons of Liberty Complete Later Complete Que 1 5 9

Which of the following is considered part of the Public Works Project O Creating the Public Works Administration OCWA Civil Works Administration O Gave money to states to create jobs O All of the choices

Allele frequency 1 00 0 90 0 80 0 70 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 b 0 0 mm 20 40 m Generation 60 80 O can become fixed in the population due to positive selection O can become fixed or be lost due to genetic drift O can be lost from the population due to negative selection is usually still present at a frequency of 0 5 at the end of the simulation Population 1 Population 2 Population 3 Population 4 Population 5 100 This image was shown and discussed in Video 4 3 Choose the best ending to a statement describing what is shown in this image that begins with In a population of 100 individuals undergoing 100 sequential rounds of computer simulated reproduction under random mating conditions an allele whose initial frequency in the population is 0 5

Which of the following conditions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium must be met for the following relationships between allele and genotype frequencies to hold true f AA p f aa q f Aa 2pq O The population is large All of these conditions O There is no selection for or against any genotype O Alleles combine at random i e mating is random There is no mutation There is no migration of individuals in or out of the population

Deficit spending is O borrowing more money than the government receives O borrowing less money that the government receives O spending more money than the government receives O spending less money than the government receives

In a population of vipers 140 are non poisonous genotype tt 680 are mildly poisonous genotype Tt and 1180 are very poisonous genotype TT Calculate f T and f t without assuming random mating as you would need to do if conducting a Chi squared analysis to determine whether mating is random in this population Part 1 What is f T What is f t Part 2 In a Chi squared test of this population for random mating what is the expected number of mildly poisonous snakes In doing this calculation round off frequencies to the hundredths place O 680 O 360 O 654 O 720 Part 3 When you have a chi squared value and need to translate that to a p value how many degrees of freedom should be assumed 0 0 0 3

1200 800 400 D8S1179 80 Allele 1 freq 0 12 Allele 2 freq 0 54 O 0 00076 or 0 0756 O 0 30 or 30 O 0 00019 or 0 019 O 0 00055 or 0 055 D125391 160 Allele 1 freq 0 34 D195433 Allele 1 freq 0 09 240 Allele 2 freq 0 28 0 This image shows electrophoresis results for 3 microsatellite markers D8S1179 D12S91 and D19S433 that are part of a DNA fingerprint analysis of a crime scene DNA sample Assuming random mating use the frequency information for each allele detected here to calculate the probability that a person in the general population will have the genotype shown here for these three markers

In a randomly mating population the frequency of people with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the recessive disease allele is 0 0016 What is the frequency of cystic fibrosis carriers O 0 04 O 0 038 O 0 077 0 96

age I leave you love I leave you hope I leave you the challenge of developing confidence in one another I leave you a thirst for education I leave you a respect for the use of power I leave you faith I leave you racial dignity I leave you a desire to live harmoniously with your fellow men I leave you finally a responsibility to our young people This passage is engraved on a sculpture to honor this woman who had these words in her last will and testament Based on your own knowledge this woman is O Ida Tarbell O Marian Anderson Eleanor Roosevelt O Mary McLeod Bethune Re thi Que 9 1 5

A rat poison called Warfarin has been widely used in many cities including New York since the early 1950s Warfarin inhibits blood coagulation A gene called VKORC1 is involved in the vitamin K reductase pathway which is involved in blood coagulation Animals homozygous for the VKORC1 allele are susceptible to poisoning by Warfarin Animals homozygous for the vkorc1 allele are resistant to the poison but have low survival rates because they cannot produce enough vitamin K Heterozygotes are intermediate in terms of warfarin susceptibility and vitamin K production Over time and exposure to Warfarin in New York the vkorc1 allele has increased in frequency but never to the exclusion of the VKORC1 allele What is being described in this scenario O Positive selection the vkorc1 allele has been selected for in New York O Negative selection the VKORC1 allele has been selected against in New York O Balancing selection the heterozygote has the highest fitness

Spike 11041 11141 Ala Asn SARS COV 2 GTC CTA TAT AAT TCC GCA TCA TTT TCC ACT Bat RaTG13 GTC CTA TAT AAT TCC ACT TCA TTT TCT ACC PCOV GX P5L GTA CTT TAT AAC TCT ACA TCA TTT TCC ACT Bat SARS Rs4231 GTA CTC TAC AAC TCA ACA TCT TTT TCA ACT GTA CTC TAC AAC TCA ACA TCT TTT TCA ACT Thr Bat BtRs A study published in Cell in 2021 presented a comparative analysis of the genomic sequences of thousands of SARS CoV 2 viruses isolated from humans i e strains causing COVID bats and pangolins This study asked what sequence changes occurred when this virus moved from bats to humans that might help explain its success as a human pathogen The sequence diagram shown above presents a key finding of the study an A in the spike protein gene coding region found in bat and pangolin viruses changed to a G in human SARS CoV 2 isolates only shown here once but found in all viruses from human COVID patients that were sequenced This mutation changes a Thr codon to an Ala codon In vitro spike protein with an Ala at this position binds more tightly to the ACE2 virus receptor on human cells and infects cultured human lung cells more efficiently than proteins with Thr at this position Part 1 O Which of the following Hardy Weinberg violations that can change allele frequencies over time is the most likely explanation for these findings 11241 Genetic drift the G allele arose and became fixed as SARS CoV2 moved from bats to humans due to random fluctuation in allele frequencies in a small population of viruses Genetic drift the A allele was lost as SARS CoV 2 moved from bats to humans due to random fluctuation in allele frequencies in a small population of viruses O A selective sweep strong positive selection caused fixation of the G allele in the transition of SARS CoV 2 from bats to humans O Negative selection against the A allele caused it to be lost in the population of human SARS CoV 2 viruses Part 2 What rationale can you propose for your choice in Part 1 Note you will receive credit for any answer entered B I UT IEE F T

Question 2 After the first hundred days of Roosevelt in office he pushed through pieces of legislation 15 O 50 O25 Points 1 O100

Which of the following genetic effects does inbreeding have compared to a population where mating is random no inbreeding Choose all that apply In answering this question do not take into account possible effects of selection mutation migration or genetic drift Inbreeding increases the frequency of recessive alleles over time Inbreeding increases the frequency of individuals showing recessive phenotypes Inbreeding increases the frequency of individuals who are homozygous by descent for any given gene or haplotype Inbreeding decreases the frequency of recessive alleles over time

Latinos Asian Americans Gays and Lesbians O Minority groups fighting for equal rights Minority groups who received equal pay O Minority groups who were segregated in schools Minority groups who joined the Start Il Pact

Bush s war on drugs took steps to do all these EXCEPT Osue drug users O legalize drugs O recall users college loans O perform random drug tests

How many Supreme Court judges were appointed by Ronald Reagan when he was the President of the United States 02 0 3 O 4 Reset Reset bu this asse Rese Question 1

AS 18 TO IS TO Conservative O New Right Liberal New Left O New Left Liberal New Right New Left Republicans New Right O New Right Democrats NewLeft

Jerry Falwell Jim Bakker Pat Robertson O Members of the New Right O Members of the New Left O Members of the Moral Majority O Members of the Supreme Court

This process opened industry up to more competition which resulted in more choices and lower prices for consumers However it also allowed the savings and loan industry to make risky investments that cost investors over 80 billion and left the American taxpayer liable This is an example of O Deregulation Recession Inflation Deflation Complet Rese Reset this as RE Questio 5 9

Points 1 Ronald Reagan s ease in speaking and persuading earned him the nickname The People s President O The Reasonable Republican The Nation s Teacher O The Great Communicator

ints 1 Which President officially called for a war on drugs O George Bush O Ronald Reagan O Jimmy Carter O Gerald Ford