Biology Questions

21 24 lowing statements is are true Select all that apply osmosis is a form of diffusion if there is no concentration gradient a substance will not diffuse 0 diffusion of most substances requires ATP powered pumps in the cell s membrane gases can diffuse just like liquids Ocell membranes help to maintain solute gradients Question 26 1 point Listen During inhalation what makes oxygen from the air in the lungs move into the fu capillaries The force of breathing pushes the oxygen into the bloodstream of the capllilaries move the oxygen

21 Listen In the counter current exchange system of the kidney which two fluids are moving opposite one another the fluid in the collecting duct and the blood in the renal vein the fluid in the nephron and the blood in the vasa recta O the blood on the renal artery and the blood in the renal vein O the blood in the glomerulus and the fluid in the Bowman s capsule the fluid in the collecting duct and the fluid in the distal tubule Question 23 1 point

During inhalation what makes oxygen from the air in the lungs move into the lung capillaries The force of breathing pushes the oxygen into the bloodstream Special pumps in the cells of the capllilaries move the oxygen As carbon dioxide moves out of the capillaries oxygen is pulled in The amount of oxygen in the air in the lungs is greater than the amount in the capillaries so it moves by diffusion Red blood cells can directly pick up oxygen molecules from the air

PSPS and EPSPS arriving at the same neuron tend to kDown Brow add together and increase the chance of firing an action potential O add together and decrease the chance of firing an action potential Increase the polarity of the membrane and promote the firing of an action potential O O cancel each other out and promote the firing of an action potential

Use the following information to answer the question Sex TING male Phenotype yellow Number 116 In a Drosophila experiment a cross was made between homozygous wild type females and yellow bodied males All of the resulting F1s were phenotypically wild type However adult flies of the F2 generation resulting from matings of the F1s had the characteristics shown in the figure How is the mutant allele for yellow body inherited It is dominant It is incompletely dominant It is codominant It is recessive

18 Listen Which of the following happens first as a nephron processes blood Ofiltration O excretion O secretion Oreabsorption Oosmosis les are transferred Question 21 3 points

Generally only female cats have the tortoiseshell phenotype for fur color Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon A male inherits only one allele of the X linked gene controlling hair color Multiple crossovers on the Y chromosome prevent orange pigment production The Y chromosome has a gene blocking orange coloration Only males can have Barr bodies

21 Which of the following structures are considered part of the nephron Select all that apply The Bowman s capsule The vasa recta the proximal tubule the loop of Henle the glomerulus Question 25 1 point 4 Listen Which of the following statements is are true Select all that apply form of diffusion diffice

12 7 15 1 18 20 21 the vasa recta the renal artery and the blood in the renal vein O the blood in the glomerulus and the fluid in the Bowman s capsule the fluid in the collecting duct and the fluid in the distal tubule Question 23 1 point Listen What is the main function of the salty interior of the kidney O to aid with water reabsorption in the kidney O to help filter toxins from the blood O to help concentrate urea away from the capillaries O to attract regulatory hormones to the kidney O to help collect the Na for excretion

Red green color blindness is a sex linked recessive trait in humans Two people with normal color vision have a color blind son What are the genotypes of the parents XN and xy OXX and XNy XX and XY and XNy

Which of the following statements is correct in describing the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters that are being studied and a monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for only one character being studied A monohybrid cross involves a single parent whereas a dihybrid cross involves two parents A monohybrid cross is performed for one generation whereas a dihybrid cross is performed for two generations O A monohybrid cross results in a 9 3 3 1 ratio whereas a dihybrid cross gives a 3 1 ratio

Why are males more often affected by sex linked traits than females Female hormones such as estrogen often compensate for the effects of mutations on the X chromosome Males are hemizygous for the X chromosome X chromosomes in males generally have more mutations than X chromosomes in females Male hormones such as testosterone often alter the effects of mutations on the X chromosome

Listen soint a depolarization Browser We What causes the the membrane to return to resting potential after an action potential has occurred the voltage gated Na channels cannot re open for a period of time after the action potential Quertic leak channels open so that Na and K can diffuse across the membrane the sodium potassium pump is always moving Na out and K in to the cell gated channels open to allow ions to diffuse back to their original location the neurotransmitter released acts to restore resting potential

protect blood vessels and enclose venous sinuses cover and protect the PNS cover and protect the CNS form partitions in the skull Question 22 2 points 1 Listen Select ALL of the following that are functions of the CSF protection from blows initiation of some nerve impulses nourishment of the brain

100 Swelling of the brain A temporary disruption of neurological function Bruising of the brain Question 24 2 points Listen line the ventricles of the brain Neurons Astrocytes Epithelial cells 1 Cerebral edema 2 Concussion 3 Contusion

4 Listen 1 point Neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals via endocytosis osmosis passive transport diffusion s cells erials between blood and body cells exocytosis

ten What is the main function of the salty interior of the kidney to attract regulatory hormones to the kidney to aid with water reabsorption in the kidney to help collect the Na for excretion to help filter toxins from the blood to help concentrate urea away from the capillaries

any blood pressure medications block the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts How would this affect urine output and concentration

uman red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb To travel from the artery in the arm to the left ventricle this red blood cell must pass through three capillary beds Otwo capillary beds one capillary bed five capillary beds four capillary beds rowser We

sten Which of the following statements is are true Select all that apply osmosis is a form of diffusion if there is no concentration gradient a substance will not diffuse diffusion of most substances requires ATP powered pumps in the cell s membrane gases can diffuse just like liquids cell membranes help to maintain solute gradients

hypothalamus loss of body temperature control dehydration loss of fine motor control sleep disturbances Question 30 2 points Listen as a result of an injury to the Damage to the primary somatic motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions True

In mammals most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the Olarynx bronchioles trachea alveoli bronchi

5 18 21 When you exhale the diaphragm contracts and arches contracts and arches but only when you are exercising vigorously relaxes and arches relaxes and flattens contracts and flattens

In summation a neuron will fire an action potential when more ESPSS come in than IPSPS only ESPSS come in and not IPSPS ESPSS come in in rapid succession IPSPS come in in rapid succession the membrane potential at the axon hillary

isten acetylcholine endorphins glutamate The botulinum toxin prevents the release of which of the following neurotransmitters serotonin resting potential dopamine locations

Listen When voltage gated K channels open tion potential K rushes into the cell and causes a hyperpolarization K rushes into the cell and causes a depolarization K rushes out of the cell and causes a hyperpolarization K rushes out of the cell and causes a don

Listen Which of the following is NOT a factor in the movement of water into tissues diffusion active transport osmotic gradient fluid pressure pillaries salinity gradient

21 What membrane potential triggers the opening of the voltage gated Na channels 55 mv 55 mv 70 mv 70 mv O 90 mv 90 mv

1 toxin that binds specifically to voltage gated sodium channels in axons would be expected to increase the release of neurotransmitter molecules prevent the depolarization phase of the action potential prevent graded potentials have most of its effects on the dendritic region of a neuron prevent the hyperpolarization phase of the action potential Question 18 1 point

21 Voltage gated channels in a cell s membrane open in response to a change in membrane potential move substances against their concentration gradients are always open and allow for the diffusion a substance open in response to a substance binding to it open in response to touch pressure or vibration

8 Listen Opiates like morphine and heroin bind to the same receptors as acetylcholine endorphins glutamate serotonin dopamine

The main role of a neurotransmitter is to create a depolarization in the membrane and generate an action potential cause a post synaptic potential to occur carry ions across the synaptic cleft restore the resting potential of the firing neuron cause Ca to diffuse into the synaptic terminals Question 12

Listen The point of connection between two communicating neurons is called the dendrite the glia eaches 55 mv the axon hillock the cell body the synanin

Listen oint acetylcholine GABA Which of the following is the most common neurotransmitter in the vertebrate CNS glutamate serotonin terminals dopamine ser W

Listen point Interstitial fluid ute gradients Ois the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra is composed of blood is the internal environment found inside an animal s cells provides for the exchange of materials between blood and h Question 8 1 ebcam

who could see an apple but could not interpret it as an apple is most likely to have sustained damage to the calcarine cortex visual association area lateral geniculate body primary visual cortex Question 34 2 points 4 Listen The helps keep the cortex conscious and alert O cerebellar peduncles Obasal nuclei limbic system

Whichof the following describes the route of urine out of the body after it leaves the kidney urethra bladder ureter renal vein ureter bladder urethra renal vein bladder urethra ureter ureter urethra bladder ureter bladder urethra

Which of the following structures are considered part of the nephron Select all that apply The ureter The distal tubule Browser W the proximal tubule the collecting duct the loop of Henle

During filtration which of the following does NOT enter the Bowman s capsule from the bloodstream Oions water amino acids glucose Wel plasma proteing

Match the area of the brain with its function 0000 thalamus cerebellum medulla oblongata cerebral cortex 1 2 3 4 fine tunes motor activity to provide precise coordinated movements autonomic reflex center involved in maintaining homeostasis relay station for information coming into the cortex executive suite of the brain responsible for conscious thought sensory perception and control of skeletal muscle movement Question 16 2 points 4 Listen Which of the following is true regarding epilepsy O Sensory messages are processed normally during seizures but responses are blocked The aura in tonic clonic seizures typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness Absence seizures are typically seen in young children and are often severely disabling Genetics plays a role in epilepsy risk but it is also frequently caused by head

act through intracellular second messengers Oopens ion channels alters membrane potential resulting in rapid and brief responses O cause effects on the presynaptic neuron Question 40 2 points 1 Listen The spinal cord belongs to the O sympathetic nervous system O parasympathetic nervous system O central nervous system peripheral nervous system

gamma aminobutyric acid acetylcholine cholinesterase norepinephrine Question 38 2 points 4 Listen An excitatory neurotransmitter would likely result in which of the following in the postsynaptic cell O Chemically gated sodium channels will open Chemically gated chloride channels will open Chemically gated sodium channels will be closed

At Resting Membrane Potential just inside the neuron s plasma membrane will be negative and contain more sodium than outside of the cell positive and contain more sodium than outside of the cell Opositive and contain less sodium than outside of the cell negative and contain less sodium than outside of the cell

Nerve fibers from the send signals to the brain about internal or external changes i e noises heard smells tastes etc O sympathetic division of the ANS O parasympathetic division of the ANS somatic nervous system sensory afferent division of the PNS

Select ALL of the following that are true regarding graded potentials They usually occur in axons They are short lived localized changes in the membrane potential Either depolarization or hyperpolarization can occur The stronger the stimulus the more the voltage changes and the farther the current flows

into the cranial nerves spinal cord midbrain telencephalon Question 36 2 points 1 Listen of the heural tube develops are a classification of neurotransmitters that are all widely used in the brain often playing important roles in emotional behaviors O Neuropeptides Biogenic amines

Movement of molecules and organelles occurs in both directions anterograde and retrograde They generate graded potentials They generate nerve impulses They have many rough ER and Golgi apparatus organelles as they are active in biosynthesis Question 26 2 points 4 Listen Satellite cells function is similar to Schwann cells O astrocytes oligodendrocytes

decreased oxygen use especially in the cerebral cortex decreased vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure decreased activity of the brain especially the cerebral cortex temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for rapid eye movements and muscles required for breathing Question 14 1 5 points Listen Match the disease to its correct description Progressive and debilitative disorder resulting in the degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons of the substantia nigra which leads to uncontrollable firing of the target neurons Progressive and fatal hereditary disorder leading to the degeneration of basal nuclei and the cerebral cortex Progressive degenerative disease that results in 1 Alzheimer s disease 2 Huntington s disease 3 Parkinson s disease

4 Listen Select ALL of the following that are true regarding action potentials They occur in axons Either depolarization or hyperpolarization can occur They are brief long distance siis Unlike graded potentials they do not decay with distance

Hg that are functions of astrocytes support and brace neurons control the chemical environment around neurons provide the defense for the CNS help determine capillary permeability Question 28 2 points 4 Listen Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible True