Biology Questions

Which of the following is a mineral Steel Ice Wood Glass Granite Rock

Walter Cannon Per Scholander Knut Schmidt Neilsen George Somero Question 3 1 p If a scientist was interested in how nitrogen was extracted and sequestered within species their research would be classified as dar physiology

What was the Alpha helix Just making sure you downloaded and read the correct paper posted on Canvas If this is a difficult question read all instructions prior to starting any assignment throughout this course DO NOT stop this test or close it as it is timed and you only get one shot to answer the questions An oceanic research vessel owned by the Scripps Institute to provide technologically advanced laboratories to experimental biologists The structure of a polypeptide chain O The proposed structural model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick A program initiated in 1964 by the US National Sciences foundation for international research More than one of these answers are correct All of these answers are correct

Which scientist coined the term homeostasis Claude Bernard Walter Cannon Per Scholander Knut Schmidt Neilsen

Cell and molecular physiology Ecological physiology O Integrative physiology O Systems physiology Question 4 There are several unifying themes in animal physiology Researchers studying metamorphosis in insects ex caterpillars becoming butterflies are investigating Ophysiological processes obey the laws of physics and chemistry Ophysiological processes are usually regulated Ophysiological phenotype is a product of the genotype and the environment 1 pts

There must be variation within the population The variation must be heritable O The reproductive success of the individual is dependent on the available variation O The population must be large All of these must be present for evolution to occur Question 10 What is the smallest level of biological organization Cell Organism Atom Population Molecule 1 pts

depends on the expression of the genetic sequence True False Question 8 1 pts Evolution is always adaptive leading to greater reproductive success of individuals and changes in the population True

What is the smallest level of biological organization Cell Organism Atom Population Molecule Biosphere

Of the following which is not required for evolution by natural selection to occur There must be variation within the population The variation must be heritable The reproductive success of the individual is dependent on the available variation O The population must be large All of these must be present for evolution to occur

metamorphosis in insects ex caterpillars becoming butterflies are investigating Ophysiological processes obey the laws of physics and chemistry O physiological processes are usually regulated O physiological phenotype is a product of the genotype and the environment O a genotype is the product of evolution acting through natural selection and other evolutionary processes Question 5 1 pts Temperature and the molecular weight of compounds profoundly affect physiological processes True

Oxytocin is a hormone that causes uterine contractions during childbirth It is released from the anterior pituitary under the regulation of GnRH gonadotropic releasing hormone from the hypothalamus circulates to the uterus and causes uterine contraction If the baby is not ejected parturition rising estrogen levels feed back to the hypothalamus to cause the release of more GnRH which targets the anterior pituitary to release more oxytocin i e labor contractions This system is an example of negative feedback positive feedback homeostasis polyphenism ernst

phenotype an organism s appear ink by the genotype determined E HT stated by the laws of segregation and independe of segregation the two alleles for the same trait gamete formation and end up in different gametes Separate durin laws of independent assortment genes for one frait are not inherited with genes of another trait a Remember during interphase the chromosomes are replicated to produce identical sister chromatids 5 To help with the concept of independent assortment let s look at an example of a plant that is heterozygous for two traits One trait B is for a blue flower color The second trait R is for round seeds The plant s genotype therefore is BbRr During meiosis we will see the law of independent assortment in action Let s take a look inside the plants cell B b R DNA replication B B b e R RT 1 b Next during meiosis specifically metaphase I the homologs will randomly line up at the metaphase plate The first chromosome orientation has been done you Chromosome orientation 1 Metaphase I Metaphase II B Bb b R Sister Chromatids Homologous Chromosomes B B R Ri BXB R R 1px V 100 bX X b r c There is another way the homologs can align at the metaphase plate Determine the second orientation and fill in the subsequent stages Chromosome orientation 2 Metaphase I Metaphase II DA A Box RB Rb r b r B d At the end of meiosis the BbRr plant produces four unique gametes

What term in the equation governing the performance of solid phase extraction is being modified by moving to an immunoaffinity separation O O inter particle volume since antibodies are so small retention factor due to the specificity of the interaction O plate number due to the stackability of the proteins immobilized on the particles

8 In pea plants purple P flower color is dominant to white p flowers and yellow Y seeds are dominant to green y seeds Flower color and seed color are inherited independently A cross is done between two plants of unknown genotypes and the results of the F1 generation are analyzed Purple yellow 0 Purple green Purple yellow 0 155 You notice right away that all offspring are white You then notice that the yellow green ratio is approximately 3 1 Knowing this determine the parental genotypes White yellow I 9 A second cross is done between two plants of unknown genotypes following the same traits as in problem 8 The results of the F1 generation are in the table below Purple green 321 146 Show work here Py PY py py Py Pypy PyPy pypy pypy Whitesgroen By By PY PYPY by PY PYPY 101 White yellow 52 White green 49 The results for this appear to be more complicated but you know that the ratios between purple white flowers and yellow green seeds are the key to solving the parental genotypes Use problem 8 to help you if you get stuck py Pypy Pypy pypy pley by Tryp YLPYPY HEAR YpYp Ple Show work here pY4y

10 True or False When using a scale to measure weight you must tare or zero out the scale before adding a weight boat on the scale The substance to be measured is not being added at this time

Q11 What is the main idea of this graph PH The graph ther s the overage OF the ocean over the last 20 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 1 pH 8 0 7 9 million years of earth hofton PH 7 8 7 7 7 6 Q12 What is the trend show in the graph The graph grand hold down Then goes down extra credit Q15 You will explain the basic idea of each of the numbered items in the diagram after reading through them The diagram shows the natural process of how calcium carbonate shells form under normal conditions Summarize each step to capture the main idea Step 1 Q13 What is the difference between the horizontal line and the vertical line Step 2 25 Q14 Does this data represent an ecosystem in homeostasis or not Explain how you know this Step 3 Ston 4 20 15 10 5 time millions of years before the present Carbon in the water AIR OCEAN sea urchin coral CO 5 calcium CaCO carbonate 1800 1990 E 2008 2050 2100 CO H O 0 H C0s H GO not positivo calcification H HCO 2 bicarbonate 5 1 carbonic acid Ca 3 carbonate 4 calcium

c shipworms and zebra mussels d octopus and squids 2 All molluses have a similar body plan with three main pants which inc a manje b muscular foot c radula d visceral mass 3 The following are subclasses of Mammalia except Vascular seed plants are made up of S Which of the following d gnetophytes 6 The stem like 7 Canis familiarus means a The larval form of lampreys is called an 10 In cartilaginous fishes air bladder is above 11 Bony fishes hav 12 Class Aves have 13 Turbellaria is a class of the phylum and le rash course a Primates b Prototheria c Eutheria Craslicourse Acco Sechinodermata 14 Fasciola hepatica lives the a intestine and bile passages of the primary host d lungs of the primary host e blood 15 Tapeworms have segmented body which consists of series of reproducti b scolex c clitellum d proglottids e oviducts and at my cra dog d domestic se eft Crash Cours of the primary host the primary host units known as Accm Cras co a setae 6 In structural adaptation of plannaria there is a organ of excretory system b organ of respiratory an any Co

structure in 444 Nerve Rang Structure and Function Why do you think the gonads are placed where they are based on how they function ateroid hormone ensi Gorods Weter Vasculor System Digestive System Aristotle s Lanter Spines and Pedicellerin Tube Fert Test do they can reproduce heculer How is This Patteren OF Ucriation indicatet She Paddiomity or a grade OFF in Jest Gllobation of roduced between ye relatie free of aldo light sen sivity respiration What is the function of the tube feet Tocomotion How does the function of the tube feet aid the urchin in its role within the food web Chemcreception and It helps them mave to kelp for move it What takes up a large part of the urchin body cavity Ne system digestive Based on your prior knowledge of animal digestive systems why would your answer to the previous question be important dea urching are herbibet have complete digestive system meaning thay Sat Plants algal and their indepenenly moving songs hap tomar alace to their mouth go How do urchins consume their food delaling dive dhere herd teeth gu frape minute algal Plants OFF the rora Alde eded teeth to grind away rock and burrow a homo rocks Their mooth s are on the How are the parts of their anatomy adapted for eating specifically what they consume ottom of their ladies and they use a break like sture doare ale sale OFF What is the function of the test How does the function of the tube feet aid the urchin in its role within the food web

Activity Completed Question Value Which term is a tendency to prefer information that supports what a person thought in the first place confirmation bias belief perseverance the placebo effect informed consent to research

Figure 1 Landscape

Figure 1 Landscape

Figure 1 Landscape 40

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Let s now look at the anatomy of an urchin to better understand how it functions Click on Urchin Anatomy and click Start As you work through each structure draw a line from the label to the structure in the diagram Structure and Function Why do you think the gonads are placed where they are based on how they function How is Aristotle s Lantern structured to perform its function B What is the function of the tube feet How does the function of the tube feet aid the urchin in its role within the food web important How do urchins consume their food Nerve Ring What is the function of the test AL How are the parts of their anatomy adapted for eating specifically what they consume Gonads Water Vascular System Digestive System What takes up a large part of the urchin body cavity Based on your prior knowledge of animal digestive systems why would your answer to the previous question be Aristotle s Lontem Spines and Pedicellaria Tube Feet Test

Background Paleontologists need fossils in order to practice the science Fossils are not found everywhere Your chance of finding a fossil by randomly walking around is very small So how do paleontologists find them They target areas that they think are likely to contain fossils based on knowledge of how rocks form and how fossils get preserved In this essay question you will demonstrate what you know about these same principles Question Study the landscape that the photo shows and discuss whether it would be a good place to prospect for fossils or not Be clear about why or why not by including concepts you learned in this class so far and making specific references to features in the photos whenever possible I will provide some structure to your discussion by listing points below that you need to address You can use this as an outline 1 First to orient yourself and make sure you start your discussion in the right direction are the rocks in this landscape experiencing erosion or deposition What do you see to support your interpretation 2 What general type of rocks are these and what is evidence from the photo that supports your interpretation 3 What is the probability of fossils being in these rocks and why 4 What is a possible depositional environment and what evidence could you look for to test your interpretation 5 What else about this landscape increases or decreases you choose the potential for finding fossils 6 Finding fossils is one thing knowing how old they are is another and it s really important Describe how you could date any fossils you found in this landscape Be sure t include what kind of materials or evidence you would need to find to successfully date the fossils

In the decay of a radioisotope after two half lives have elapsed what proportion of the original parent element w remain O 0 50 0 75 O 0 125 O 0 25 Isotope amount 100 90 80 23292 70 60 30 20 10 D Graph of Radioactive Isotope Decay Parent Isotope Daughter Product 2 3 45 Age number of half lives 0 9 O 10

The glacial till is younger than the shale Which principle allows you to conclude this based only on what you s in this figure O O original horizontality O faunal succession uniformitarianism O inclusions supernocities Glacial till Limestone A Basalt with vesicles Sandstone Surface of Earth Shale

Which of the following best describes the sequence in which a detrital sedimentary rock forms O weathering lithification turning to stone transportation deposition weathering transportation deposition lithification O lithification weathering transportation deposition

The figure below from a geologic publication from the early 1800s shows two sequences of sedimentary layers that are correlated to one another layers of the same age are matched Each fossil amminoid species shown to the right of the layers or strata is unique to the rock stratum layer in which it s found and together the fossils form a unique order through the layers of rock This observation as applied to correlating rock strata from different localities as shown here with the two sequences is the principle of O original horizontality O uniformitarianism O faunal succession O superposition O inclusions Fuller s Earth The Scruff Zigzag Bed Microzoa Beds Massive Beds The Red Bed Bridport Sands 888888 12 30 888 Pom Ostrea acuminata Parkinsonia parkinsoni Stephanoceras humphriesianum Ludwigia murchisonae

Match the rock names below to the appropriate description conglomerate mudstone limestone Choose very poorly sorted of the rocks listed has the smallest particles and is well sortec chemical sedimentary rock Choose

Molten lava that erupted from a volcano and then cooled is an example of O an igneous rock a metamorphic rock O a chemical sedimentary rock O a detrital sedimentary rock

Punctuated equilibrium is a hypothesis that maintains that populations of organisms tend to remain stable for periods of time and then slowly increase in size O large geologic events are infrequent evolutionary change takes place in spurts rather than gradually O evolutionary change occurs very slowly over vast amounts of time

e 11 organelle nucleus 12 cell wall membrane 13 cytoplasm 14 genetic material 15 organelle mitochondrion a 3 2 Choose d a b e C Choose Choose b

Vicariance occurs when a peripheral segment of the population experiences evolutionary changes while still in geographic contact with the m population O the entire population of a species slowly experiences evolutionary change a peripheral segment of a population becomes geographically isolated and then experiences evolutionary change

Some consider osmosis a special case of diffusion because it only involves the movement of what substance Multiple Choice O O O O salt oxygen carbon dioxide water

Multiple Choice O O O a semipermeable membrane an energy barrier a cell wall an impermeable membrane

During osmosis water will move in which direction Multiple Choice O O O from higher temperature to lower temperature from the area with lower solute concentration to the area of higher solute concentration from a lower enery state to a higher energy state from the area with higher solute concentration to the area of lower solute concentration

Multiple Choice O O O the net movement of water from an area of low water concentra to an area of high water concentration the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane the active transport of water across a semipermeable membran endocytosis of water

Multiple Choice O O O O O Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine Sodium a solute is pumped across a cell to increase its concentration on one side of the cell membrane Glucose a solute is transported from our blood stream across cell membranes and into the cytoplasm A bacterium in the blood stream is engulfed by a white blood cell A broken bottle of perfume is able to be smelled in the air throughout the department store

One of the most common genetic inherited diseases in America is Cystic Fibrosis CF CF is a chronic disease that affects the lungs and digestive systems for which there currently is no cure Every person has two copies of the CFTR Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator gene one from each parent For a person to have CF both parents must be carriers of mutated CFTR The CFTR gene contains the instructions for making the CFTR protein which is produced in many organs among them the lungs and the pancreas The CFTR protein creates channels in the cell membrane to allow the movement of chloride ions in and out of the cell When the CFTR protein functions properly the balance of chloride and fluid at the cell surface remains normal The mutated version of the CFTR gene causes the CFTR protein to malfunction leading to a buildup of thick mucus especially in the lungs This leads to lung infections and eventually respiratory failure caused by a microbial biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa is especially problematic in CF patients Scientists have found more than 1 700 different mutations in the CFTR gene that can cause CF which accounts for the fact that this genetic disease is so common The FDA recently approved the drug Ivacaftor for treatment of splice mutations in CFTR but people with these types of mutations make a small amount of normal CFTR Ivacaftor forces the gate on the normal CFTR protein to stay open for longer so that the channels can function with a reduced amount of CFTR protein in the membrane 1 Explain how a nonsense mutation in CFTR gene can cause CF 2 What would be the effect of a mutation in the intron of the CFTR gene 3 Speculate on the role of Ivacaftor in the treatment of CF

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution Multiple Choice O O a plant cell will not burst in a hypotonic solution because water is moving out of the cell O the cell wall O the presence of chloroplasts the plasma membrane the coll

what did you observe Select all that apply Check All That Apply Cell membranes pressed tightly against the cell walls Many of the cells had burst Full central vacuoles Many of the cells had become crenated

Multiple Choice O O The cell membrane did not change at all because of the protection of the cell wall The cells burst because the solution was hypotonic The cell membrane shrank but the central vacuole remained full The cell membrane shrank away from the cell wall because the solution was hypertonic The cell became turgid

When examining tonicity in Elodea cells it was important to view the cells immediately after creating your wet mount slide True or False True False

A n solution Multiple Choice O solution has the same concentration of water as the cell placed in the O hypotonic diffusive O isotonic hypertonic

Multiple Choice O O O is the comparison of relative concentrations of two solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane does not affect cells always causes cells to burst does not have anything to do with solute concentration

Tonicity in cells refers to the concentration of solute in a soll relative to Multiple Choice O O the swelling of the cell the presence of a cell wall the solute concentration of the cytoplasm inside the cell the permeability of the cell membrane the number of cell fragments inside the cell

Water moved across a membrane into the thistle tube Multiple Choice O O O up its concentration gradient creating intense osmotic pressure randomly down its concentration gradient

In order for diffusion to occur there must be a Multiple Choice O O O cell wall cell membrane concentration gradient source of energy

What determines the direction of diffusion Multiple Choice O type of solvent phase of matter type of solute concentration gradient