Biomolecules Questions and Answers

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms From this one can logically assume which of the following statements to be true A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism The same codons in different organisms translate into different amino acids DNA was the first genetic material Different organisms have different types of amino acids

The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes Which of the following correctly describes why this situation is possible different possible assortment of chromosomes into gametes occurs there is a tendency for dominant alleles to segregate together recurrent mutations form new alleles crossing over during prophase I leads to genetic variety

In a diploid cell with 5 chromosome pairs 2n 10 how many centromeres will be found in a nucleus at G2 of the cell division cycle 40 20 5 10

Which of the following events happens at the conclusion of meiosis l Four daughter cells are formed Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other Sister chromatids are separated The chromosome number per cell remains the same

Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45 chromosomes failure of the egg nucleus to be fertilized by the sperm failure of an egg to complete meiosis Il an error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or sperm incomplete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis after meiosis I

During which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate from each other during meiosis I only during both mitosis and meiosis I during meiosis II only during both mitosis and meiosis II

Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis synapsis of chromosomes chromosome replication alignment of chromosomes at the equator condensation of chromosomes

What is the function of the enzyme topoisomerase in DNA replication elongating new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing chain building RNA primers using the parental DNA strand as a template reattaching the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs in the double helix relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork caused by the untwisting of the double helix

Metaphase is characterized by O separation of the centromeres alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell of sister chromatids Oseparation cytokinesis

Why does testosterone a lipid soluble signaling molecule that crosses the membranes of all cells affect only target cells Intracellular receptors for testosterone are present only in target cells Only target cells possess the cytosolic enzymes that transduce the signal from testosterone to adenylyl cyclase O Only in target cells is testosterone able to initiate the phosphorylation cascade leading to activated transcription factor Only target cells retain the appropriate genes regulated by testosterone

Yeast cells of mating type a are genetically engineered to produce only mating factor a instead of the normal mating factor a The gene for the mating factor receptor was unaltered How will these engineered cells behave in terms of mating They will mate with each other or with normal mating type a cells but not with normal mating type a cells They will only mate with normal mating type a cells They will only mate each other and not with normal mating type a or a cells They will only mate with normal mating type cells

What role do phosphatases play in signal transduction pathways They inactivate protein kinases to turn off signal transduction They amplify the second messenger CAMP O They transfer a phosphate group from one protein in the pathway to the next molecule in the series They activate protein kinases by phosphorylation

A signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins is generally associated with which of the following events O production of ATP in the process of signal transduction activation of a ligand gated ion channel O binding of a hormone to an intracellular receptor conformational changes to each protein in the series

What is the name of the microtubule organizing center found in animal cells as an identifiable structure present during all phases of the cell cycle centromere O centriole kinetochore centrosome

Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of which of the following macromolecules ODNA and RNA ODNA and proteins DNA and phospholipids ODNA only

How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE 64 16

Which of the following statements correctly explains the fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment All of the genes controlling the traits were located or he same chromosome All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was seven None of the traits above

The receptors for steroid hormones are located inside the cell instead of the membrane surface like most other signal receptors How do steroids gain access to their receptors Steroid hormones are lipid soluble so they can readily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane Both steroid hormones and their receptors are produced by the same cells O Steroid hormones first bind to a steroid activator and this complex is transported across the cell membrane by a steroid transport protein Steroid hormone receptors undergo conformational changes that relocate them on the membrane surface

4 Next kinetic studies were carried out with the enzymes A plot of velocity vs phenylalanine concentration yields a sigmoidally shaped curve What does this tell you about the enzyme

What is not true of connective tissue A Its matrix contains fibers B Its matrix is produced by the cells within the tissue C It contains both cells and noncellular nonliving material D All connective tissues contain elastic fibers

On to which structure does the highlighted muscle insert Omedial epicondyle of ulna olecranon process of ulna LT M11 Deluxe Muscular Arm 6 part 3B Scientific head of radius

9 12 17 15 18 Which of the following is a major difference between the chondrichthyans and the ray finned fishes Oonly ray finned fishes have paired fins Oonly chondrichthyans have a swim bladder chondrichthyans have a cartilaginous skeleton whereas ray finned fishes have a bony skeleton Ochondrichthyans evolved in fresh water whereas ray finned fishes evolved in salt water only chondrichthyans have true w

9 14 12 15 17 18 Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes Olampreys Olungfishes O placoderms ray finned fishes Ochondrichthyans

8 Which of the following is unique to animals the ability to move heterotrophy Ocells that have mitochondria the structural carbohydrate chitin Onervous conduction and muscular movement

2 15 1 18 20 21 What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates O have a gut that lacks suspension within the body cavity whereas pseudocoelomates have mesenteries that hold the digestive system in place have a complete digestive system with mouth and anus whereas pseudocoelomates have a digestive tract with only one opening have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue whereas pseudocoelomates do not O contain tissues derived from mesoderm whereas pseudocoelomates have no such tissue Ohave a body cavity whereas pseudocoelomates have a solid body

5 6 1 1 8 9 1 J 11 1 1 12 1 According to the evidence collected so far the animal kingdom is Opolyphyletic not a true clade Omonophyletic Oparaphyletic

The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with which function reproduction defense feeding respiration locomotion

Listen Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because their body cavity a pseudocoelom carries out these functions they lack mesoderm as embryos and therefore lack the adult tissues derived from mesoderm Onone of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment their flame bulbs can carry out respiratory and circulatory functions

Compared to a sac digestive tract one opening the tube digestive the animals is better because there is more room to store food there can be simultaneous processing of food in different stages diffusion takes care of all food movement in the tract it is easier to repair if damaged it allows the organism to feed from either end

Which of the following can be considered an example of homology among the animal clade some animals have a distinct larval stage most animals have bilateral symmetry all animals have HOX genes that guide the early development of the body a coelom may or may not be present in an animal some animals have a sac digestive structure and some have a tube digestive tract soint oterotrophy

Question 2 1 point 4 Listen This part of the animal embryo will give rise to the digestive tract of the adult animal body ectoderm mesoderm blastopore coelom

of the following is a major difference between the chondrichthyans and the ray finned fishes Oonly chondrichthyans have a swim bladder O chondrichthyans have a cartilaginous skeleton whereas ray finned fishes have a bony skeleton O chondrichthyans evolved in fresh water whereas ray finned fishes evolved in salt water Oonly ray finned fishes have paired fins Oonly chondrichthyans have true jaws

Which of the following is a shared ancestral character for all reptiles O amniotic egg radial symmetry O cold blooded four chambered heart

There are three major groups of mammals categorized on the basis of their Ohabitat Oteeth and digestive system Omethod of reproduction O size method of locomati

B Lysosomes OC Golgi apparatus D Rough endoplasmic reticulum Question 8 1 point 4 Listen are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials OA Microtubules OB Flagella OC Microvilli D Cilin

How is the doppler measurement of blood flow related to the TPR Total Peripheral Resistanc in the circulatory system

What are the possible genotypes for someone with type A blood grouping List blood type and Rh separately What are the possible genotypes for someone with type AB List blood type and Rh separately

2 If a person you are supporting makes life choices that you as the professional feel are not supportive of recovery efforts what is the best approach for managing this Facilitate access to a more restrictive and intense level of service such as inpatient or partial hospital programs Discharge the person from your care and recommend another professional for the person to work with Call someone in the person s support network and ask them to encourage the person to follow treatment recommendations Discuss the issue openly with the person peel the onion and document the discussion in their health record 3 In what way is cultural competency important in person centered planning O It aligns person centered planning and the traditional medical model It helps you recognize and be sensitive to cultural issues that may be impacting how a person approaches their treatment It allows you to avoid talking about cultural beliefs and values It promotes the clinician s cultural agenda on centered planning

9 True or False Traditional treatment planning is sometimes viewed as an event that occurs at the outset of treatment True O False 10 The goal statement of a person centered plan should be Directed by the provider and what they think is important Excluded from the progress notes that the provider keeps Written in the person s own words Focused on the person s therapy activities

10 An important ground rule for person centered planning meetings is that O The person should always facilitate their own meeting Everyone is treated with dignity and respect Participants should listen but not speak Nothing discussed during the meeting is confidential O OO

In the column Percent of Total Water the shaded cells represent the amount of freshwater on Earth What is the total percent of freshwater on Earth 06 01 bo

Which of the following are considered Chargaff s rules Amounts of A T and amounts of G C The DNA backbone is alternating phosphate and sugar Every species has a unique composition of A T G and d C DNA is double stranded RNA is single stranded

A young girl manifests symptoms consistent with a chromosome structural change DNA sequencing indicates that all the genes are still present in the cell and that there are pairs of each gene Karyotype staining shows that only a single chromosome is affected Select all the statements below that are true of this case Only one chromosome was affected because it was a duplication within the same chromosome The effects are a result of a deletion The order of the affected genes are reversed A translocation has occurred This type of structural change is called an inversion

tic condition where people are born without the usual pigment in their bodies due to the inability to create a normal amount of melanin So most people with albinism have very pale skin hair and eyes In other words multiple traits are affected by a single gene Sometimes genes are not expressed because of interactions between the products of genes In a metabolic pathway all the enzymes required for the metabolic pathway must be expressed to create the final product A genotype that eliminates the expression of even one gene for an enzyme in the pathway affects all the others In sea turtles sex is determined not by chromosomes but instead by the temperature of the nest during development Research shows that if a turtle s eggs incubate below 27 7 degrees C the turtle hatchlings will be male If the eggs incubate above 31 degrees C however the hatchlings will be female Temperatures that fluctuate between the two extremes will produce a mix of male and female baby turtles incomplete dominance epistasis environmental factors

locus gametes chromatin traits genes genome chromosomes encode heritable characteristics called are made of each have a DNA are organized on when complexed with protein is called cach contain a molecule of that specifies its position on are located in nucleus is the building material of together constitute the cell s nuclear are passed on to the next generation in

he diagram below shows a bacterial replication fork and its principal proteins rag the labels to their appropriate locations in the diagram to describe the name or function of each structure View Available Hint s Breaks hydrogen bonds unwinding DNA double helix e Relaxes supercoiled DNA Synthesizes RNA primers on leading and lagging strands Coats single stranded DNA Replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides Lagging strand Synthesizes DNA 5 to 3 on leading and lagging strands Reset Catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation joining DNA fragments Overall direction of synthesis Leading strand Help

An organism with a cell wall would most likely be unable to take in materials through active transport phagocytosis facilitated diffusion osmosis

The membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold by decreasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membrane decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane increasing the proportion of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane increasing the proportion of glycolipids in the membrane

As letters are to English language nucleotides ODNA double helix proteins A and B is are to genetic information

It is recommended that all breastfed babies receive a daily vitamin D supplement a What disorder does this help prevent b How does vitamin D prevent this disorder