Biomolecules Questions and Answers

Generate relative humidity data to answer the questions that follow Degrees Difference Between Wet and Dry Bulbs Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Dry Bulb Temp 14 16 28 16 Wet Bulb Temp 10 16 20 6 8 B Which day of the week from 7 would be most likely to have precipitation Explain your response 9 Which day of the week from 7 could a person experience dry skin Explain your response 10 Examine the diagram to the right to answer the questions below a Determine the relative humidity of the room b Explain how the process of evaporation affects the temperature of the wet bulb thermometer 24 C Dry Bulb Thermometer Relative Humidity See Chart Wet Clath Wick P 96 19 19 C Nut Bulb Thermometer Reservoir of Water 11 Meteorologists predict that tomorrow s humidity level will be the same as today s humidity level This means that the air tomorrow will contain exactly as much water vapor as the air contains today However tomorrow is predicted to be a much warmer day Will the relative humidity tomorrow be higher or lower than today Explain your answer

5 Use a relative humidity chart to fill in the blanks An example has been provided for you Degrees Difference Between Wet and Dry Bulbs C 2 Question Number EXAMPLE 5a 5b 5c 5d Se 51 5g 5g Wet Bulb Dry Bulb Temp ro Wirt Bulb 9 14 21 18 5 28 17 30 20 Dry Bulb Dry Bulb Thermometer Wet Bulb Temp C 7 9 19 15 2 15 10 50 5 15 6 Below are three representations of psychrometers Look at the wet bulb and dry bulb readings on each psychrometer and determine the relative humidity of the surrounding air 17 14 11 TE 10 20 5 0 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C LMT Wet Bulb Thermometer 6a Relative Humidity 1 0 6 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C 6b Relative Humidity 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 C Relative Humidity See Chart 35 63 5 76 96 96 96 36 6 96

Directions Select the name of each correct species in the chart More than one species may be correct he chart below shows several species found in a pond ecosystem and the pH levels in which the species can survive The normal f the pond is 6 5 the pH of the pond fell to 5 5 due to acid rain which of the species shown in the chart would die pH 6 5 pH 6 0 pH 5 5 pH 5 0 pH 4 5 pH 4 0 Trout Bass Perch Frogs Salamanders Clams Crayfish Snails Mayflies

The phosphorus cycle is shown in the diagram below Weathering of phosphate rocks Soil surface OB Phosphate fertilizer source OA I II and III only I and II only OC Residues II and IV only Plants Organic matter O Plant uptake Removed from cycle by harvesting Decomposition and excreta Insoluble phosphates According to the diagram which of the following are sources of phosphorus 1 weathering of phosphate rocks II phosphate fertilizers III decomposition and excreta IV the air Leaching Agency Image courtesy of the United States Environmental Pr

It is difficult to protect a design patent as people make slight variations in design to circumvent your patent as people make slight variations in design to circumvent your patent h True False

4 If the DNA double helix were twisted ladder what w made of The sides are made of alternating What would the rungs of the ladder be made of The rungs are made of nitrogenou

Be Si Fro ne Le Ir PART A Use the diagram to answer the questions below Ovi P a es T A G TA CG G C B A T TA C A G G C D 1 Which of the labeled DNA strands are the parent strands A D 2 Which of the labeled strands are newly synthesized DNA B C 3 What nucleotide will be added to strand b next A 4 What nucleotide will be added to strand c next 5 What holds the bases in strands a and b together 6 What holds the backbone of strand a together

A difference between a political party and an interest group is that the main goal of an interest group is to get its members elected into political office a political party is to get its members elected into political office an interest group is to prevent government from making policy O a political party is to prevent government from making policy

support government intervention willing to use more funding for social programs support stricter gun laws support stricter environmental regulations support universal healthcare The list above probably describes which political party e 6 O Democrat O Republican O Whig O Green

Directions Type your answer in the box You may use numerals or words DNA replication involves producing new copies of DNA molecules How many individual DNA strands exist after one molecule of DNA has been replicated

Which of the following best describes the product of RNA translation OA a DNA molecule OB an RNA molecule OC a chromosome OD a protein

65 The proximity effect of speeding an enzyme catalyzed reaction is explained by A increasing the flexibility of the substrate by increasing its degrees of freedom of rotation B a large loss of entropy when reactive groups are brought close to each other C a conversion of a reaction from endergonic to exergonic D a large gain in entropy due to binding of the substrate

60 When varying the substrate concentration at a fixed concentration of enzyme it is observed that at while at high concentrations of substrate the low concentrations of substrate the reaction is reaction is A second order first order B maximal initial C first order second order D initial maximal E first order zero order 60

69 What is the net charge on the tripeptide Gly Arg Lys at pH 7 The table below gives the pka s of the ionizable groups on the free amino acids Free amino acid Glycine Arginine Lysine A 1 pka of a Carboxyl group 2 4 1 8 2 2 B 1 pka of a amino group 9 8 9 0 9 1 C O pKa of side chain 12 5 10 5 D 2 69

53 The following data were obtained in the presence and absence of inhibitor What type of inhibition is 53 shown Substrate concentration millimolar 0 100 0 200 0 500 0 750 1 000 2 000 A noncompetitive B irreversible Rate without inhibitor mmol min 2 5 4 2 6 6 7 4 9 9 10 0 Rate with inhibitor mmol min 1 6 2 9 5 1 6 2 9 8 10 1 C competitive D uncompetitive E cannot tell inhibition type from the information given

3 Amino acids with non ionizable side chains are zwitterions when they are A at physiological pH pH 7 4 B in any solution C in alkaline solutions only D in acidic solutions only E All of the above

48 What type of inhibition is indicated by the data graphed below 5 1 A uncompetitive C competitive 0 with inhibitor 1 S Control no inhibitor B noncompetitive D irreversible 48

45 A protein that contains more isoleucine phenylalanine and leucine than asparagine lysine and arginine is most likely A neutral C hydrophilic B hydrophobic D low on the hydropathy index scale 45

Which of the following is true about plants and cellular energy O A Plants use light energy to produce food molecules during cellular respiration and to obtain cellular energy from the bonds of these food molecules during photosynthesis OB O C OD Plants use light energy to produce food molecules during photosynthesis and obtain cellular energy from the bonds of these food molecules during cellular respiration Plants can use light energy to produce food molecules or to obtain cellular energy from the bonds of these food molecules during cellular respiration Plants can use light energy to produce food molecules or to obtain cellular energy from the bonds of these food molecules during photosynthesis

46 Which is used to hydrolyze the peptide bonds of a protein to yield free amino acids A SDS B PITC C CN Br D HCI 47 The R group of an amino acid determines if it is 46 47

44 In which technique is a protein solution a pumped through a metal needle at high voltage to create tiny droplets that are analyzed for their mass charge ratio A Millikan analysis B SDS PAGE C MALDI TOF D electrospray mass spectrometry E aerosol microscopy 44

49 The liquid emerging from the bottom of a chromatography column is called the C supernatant A eluate B lysate 50 Disulfide bridges can form in proteins D solute 49 50

Homeostasis refers to the necessity of an organism to maintain constant or stable internal conditions What structure helps cells maintain homeostasis by regulating the movement of materials into and out of a cell O A mitochondrion OB chloroplast O C nuclear membrane OD cell membrane

The images below show red blood cells surrounded by three different solutions Each solution was prepared by adding a differe amount of a particular solute sodium chloride to pure water In which image is the concentration of solute outside the cells greater than the concentration of solute inside the cells

In carrying out normal activities cells use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide The concentration of oxygen is higher in the blood than inside the cell so oxygen moves into the cell Similarly carbon dioxide moves out of the cell into the blood because the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the cell is greater than the concentration outside the cell How do the small molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide move through the cell membrane O A active transport by carrier proteins OB passive transport by diffusion OC passive transport by osmosis OD active transport by endocytosis

40 Many proteins have multiple subunits because A an active site is shared by different subunits B different combinations can perform different functions C they are more stable and flexible in movement D All of the above E A and C above 4

2 Which technique is commonly used to determine the three dimensional conformation of a protein A isoelectric focusing C SDS PAGE B the Edman degradation D X ray crystallography 42

If the water concentration inside a cell is higher than the water concentration outside the cell water flows out of the cell This method of molecular transport is called O A exocytosis a sodium pump OB O C osmosis SOD endocytosis

In most animal cells a complex network of proteins provides which of the following OA shape OB movement OC organization OD all of these

The diagram below shows the process of meiosis O A Which of the following best describes how the process of meiosis helps preserve genetic continuity from one generation to the next OB O C parent cell OD daughter cells Daughter cells produced during meiosis contain more genetic information than their parent cell and not all of the genetic information present came from the parent cell Although daughter cells produced during meiosis contain more genetic information than their parent cell all the genetic information they contain was duplicated from the parent cell Although daughter cells produced during meiosis contain less genetic information than their parent cell all the genetic information they contain came from the parent cell Daughter cells produced during meiosis contain less genetic information than their parent cell but not all of this genetic information came from th

How are the processes of mitosis and meiosis similar to each other O A Both processes result in the same number of cells produced Both processes involve only one division of cellular materials OB O C O D Both processes end with the same number of chromosomes present in each ce Both processes begin with similar events including chromosome replication

Which of these pathways or processes produce ATP using substrate level phosphorylation Both glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle The electron transport system Pyruvate oxidation in the PDH The Citric acid cycle O Fermentation O Glycolysis

Drag and drop to match the enzymes structures and sequences to the correct description Enzyme that charges tRNA molecules by catalyzing a bond between the tRNA and a corresponding amino acid A tRNA that interacts with a start codon binds directly to the ribosome P site and links to a special methionine to begin a polypeptide chain RNA based enzyme that is integrated into the 50S ribosomal subunit and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds mRNA molecule simultaneously being translated by many ribosomes all going in the same direction AGGAGG initiates prokaryotic translation by interacting with rRNA molecules comprising the 30S ribosome Short tail of amino acids that directs a protein to a specific cellular compartment AUG or rarely GUG on an mRNA from which translation begins always specifies methionine Peptidyl transferase Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Start codon Shine Dalgarno sequence Signal sequence Initiator tRNA

Drag and drop the terms to complete the concepts of mRNA processing 1 Eukaryotic pre mRNAs are modified with a help export it from the nucleus 2 Pre mRNAs undergo and a poly A tail These structures protect the mature mRNA from degradation and in which introns are removed and accuracy 3 Only finished mRNAs that have undergone cytoplasm 4 Pre rRNAs and pre tRNAs may be processed by intramolecular cleavage splicing are reconnected with single nucleotide 3 polyadenylation and intron splicing are exported from the nucleus to the 5 capping exons splicing methylation 5 mothuguopening cep and chemical conversion of nucleotides

The pile up that builds at the stop point that they blew through is called a A wart B cyst C tumor

Drag and drop the terms to complete the concepts of genes and proteins describes the flow of genetic information in the cell from a The b Genes are used to make mRNA by the process of c The genetic code is because 64 triplet codons d Almost every species on the planet uses the same to mRNA to mRNA is used to synthesize proteins by the process of proteins translation transcription central dogma codons degenerate in mRNA specify only 20 amino acids and three 1 genetic code genes nonsense

Drag and drop the terms to complete the concepts of DNA replication in eukaryotes 1 Replication in eukaryotes starts at multiple 2 A one to the growing chain 3 The 5 is required to initiate synthesis which is then extended by chromosome is synthesized continuously whereas the as it adds is synthesized in short stretches called 4 The RNA primers are replaced with DNA nucleotides the DNA fragments on the lagging strand becomes one continuous strand upon being linked OF is an enzyme with an inbuilt RNA template it extends the ends by copying the RNA template and by extending one end of primer leading strand origins of replication lagging strand DNA polymerase DNA ligase nucleotides Okazaki fragments telomerase

Codon Colinear eneracy of the genetic code Nonsense codon Reading frame Describes that a given amino acid can be encoded by more than one nucleotide triplet Three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify the insertion of an amino acid or the release of a polypeptide chain during translation One of the three mRNA codons that specifies termination of translation Sequence of triplet codons in mRNA that specify a particular protein a ribosome shift of one or two nucleotides in either direction completely abolishes synthesis of that protein In terms of RNA and protein three units of RNA nucleotides specify one unit of protein amino acid in a consecutive fashion

Induced mutation Point mutation Silent mutation Spontaneous mutation Transition substitution Transversion substitution Mutation that affects a single base When a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine is replaced by a purine Mutation that results from exposure to chemicals or environmental agents When a purine is replaced with a purine or a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine Mutation that takes place in the cells as a result of chemical reactions taking place naturally without exposure to any external agent Mutation that is not expressed

Various theories of replication replication the parental DNA is conserved and the daughter DNA is newly synthesized 2 The replication theory suggests that each of the two parental DNA strands acts as template for new DNA to be synthesized after replication each double stranded DNA includes one parental or old strand and one new strand 3 The replication theory suggested that the two copies of the DNA would have segments of parental DNA and newly synthesized DNA interspersed 1 In

Cytokinesis in plants uses to separate the cell in two A cell vesicles from the ribosomes B a belt of proteins C cell vesicles from the Golgi apparatus D a cleavage furrow

A The centromere is a specialized region that holds two sister twins together to make up a chromosomes B chromatids C histone

O Lipid storage disease with accumulation of sphingomyelin in the brain QUESTION 50 Which of the following statements accurately describes sex hormones such as testosterone O They bind to membrane receptors O They interact with DNA directly and enhance transcription O They cause the release of a secondary messenger from the cell membrane O They bind to nuclear receptors O A and C

10 33 20 40 34 35 36 QUESTION 48 5 37 60 70 38 39 80 40 90 41 42 43 14 44 45 46 100 110 120 130 O cylindrical shape O flat shape O one big polar head with one long nonpolar tail 150 160 17 470 48 49 Which of the following lipid morphology is best suited to form lipid bilayers in an aqueous environment spherical shape O conical shape 50 QUESTION 49 A 62 year old Caucasian male develops episodes of incoordination and slurred speech His wife notes that he se ultiple polorosis which is best described as which of the following

O 3 QUESTION 8 What is another name for lysylglutaminylalanylserine OLGAS OKGAS OLQAS

The absorption spectrum of a plant pigment is the range in which it is the light

The process of securing water for bottled water companies 1 Point O water conservation O water mining O electrolysis 16 Very fine mineral particles found in high concentrations in the subsoil 1 Point O substratum O clay

Bromothymol blue changes col in the presence c

The two main shuttle buses of cellular respiration are and Pyruvate B Acetyl COA C NAD

Genetic drift is change in the allele frequency of a population due to mon random mating sexual selection random chance artificial selection natural selection