Biomolecules Questions and Answers

The following pairs of terms are related. For each pair: a. Define the first term. b. Then tell how the second term relates to it. A complete answer will reflect an understanding of both terms. (2 points each) a) action spectrum, absorption spectrum b) enzyme, EA

5- Choose the correct statement among the following: a) U and C have Purine ring structures b) U and T have Purine ring structures c) T and C have Purine ring structures d) A and G have Purine ring structures e) None of the above

Human enzymes stop working at high temperatures because they_____ disrupt van der Waals attractions in the enzymes disrupt hydrogen and ionic bonds in the enzymes change the three-dimensional shape of the enzymes all choices

Rational drug design involves the development or modification of a drug that is designed to interact with a specific biological molecule, the biotarget, to provide a therapeutic benefit. Many of these drugs are designed to activate or inhibit___ A) lipids B) enzymes C) nerve cells D) nucleic acids

An inorganic phosphate (P₁) is Ophosphate group that is not attached to a molecule A phosphate group attached to ATP A phosphate group attached to an inorganic molecule A phosphate group attached to a glucose (or its derivatives)

Which is an indication that a chemical change is taking place? Iron changes color when heated. Gas bubbles form in boiling water. Solid wax forms when melted wax falls in ice water. A gas forms when vinegar and baking soda are mixed.

As mentioned in the introduction, pH can also influence enzyme activity. The human catalase enzyme functions best at a pH of 7, whereas the stomach enzyme pepsin functions best at a pH of 2. Research these two enzymes and explain why this difference may occur.

Amino acids have different characteristics that determine how they function and where they are found in the cell. Which of these is not one of them? Nonpolar and hydrophobic Nonpolar and ionized Polar and ionized Polar and hydrophilic

Which amino acid is needed for the biosynthesis of norepinephrine and epinephrine? a. Alanine b. Phenylalanine c. Isoleucine d. Leucine e. Serine

A biochemical reaction feels warm to the touch. This means that kinetic energy i leaving the system. What type of reaction is this? Choose all that apply It is exergonic It is endergonic It is exothermic It is endothermic

This week we will be repeating the protein standard curve, and, you will be choosing samples from different milk beverages such as soy milk, oat milk, Muscle Milk or other. You will prepare a serial dilution for each milk sample, prepare each dilution to read absorbance, and then determine the protein concentration of each milk sample. 1. Pip Petor, a student biochemist, requires a 1000 µl total volume of the following dilutions of milk. Describe how she should go about making these dilutions. Hint: Pip Petor should make the 1:100 and 1:1000 dilutions from the 1:10 dilution. (4 pts total) (i)1:10 dilution of milk (ii)1:100 dilution of milk (iii)1:1000 dilution of milk

Which of the following correctly pairs a biomolecule to its function? A. Cellulose: stores genetic information B. Enzyme: increases the rate of a reaction C. Cholesterol: makes the cell walls of plant cells D. Glucose: makes the cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer

Which of the following serve as antibodies? carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins

Explain why macromolecules are so important to the existence of living organisms Be sure to include: Each macromolecule by name The structure of at least one macromolecule and how it helps with its function What the function is and how it is important to the body

In Mitosis, a cell divides cells. 2; 4; 2; 4 2; 4; 1; 2 2; 2; 2; 4 1; 2; 2; 4 1; 2; 1; 2

The function of chaperone proteins is to: 1. Increase the flexibility of a protein 2. Help proteins fold correctly 3. Increase the chances of a protein to interact with other proteins 4. Form a complex with the protein they chaperone

List the steps of the lectin pathway, define lectin, and the function of the mannose binding lectin.

If bacteria fermented the carbohydrate that is in the medium, then____is produced, and this would cause that the ___change the color of the media. gas; growth of the organism peptones; pH indicator ammonium; reagent acid; methyl red acid; phenol red

Denaturation of protein destroyes the following interactions except: 1. peptide bonds of polypeptide chain 2. Hydorgen bonds and hydrophobic interactions 3. Disulfide bonds between side chains 4. lonic bonds between side chains

Which of the following interactions maintain the protein secondary structures? 1. Alpha helices and beta sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds 2. Hydrophobic interactions 3. Disulfide bonds 4. Covalent bonds

Which of the following is NOT a feature of protein domain? 1. any segment of a polypeptide chain that can fold independently into a compact, stable structure 2. Protein domains are often identified with a specific function 3. The functions of a newly identified protein can usually be predicted by its domains 4. A protein domain usually contains between 40 and 350 amino acids-folded into a helices and ß sheets and other elements of secondary structure 5. Most eukaryotic proteins have only one spatially distinct module, or domain 6. Shuffling of domains during evolution creates proteins with unique combinations of activities

The role of hydrophobic interaction in folding proteins into their tertiary and quaternary structure includes: 1. The nonpolar (hydrophobic) side tend to cluster in the interior of the folded protein. In contrast, polar side chains tend to arrange themselves near the outside of the folded protein, where they can form hydrogen bonds with water and with other polar molecules 2. In an aqueous environment, hydrophobic molecules, including the nonpolar side chains of particular amino acids, tend to be forced together to minimize their disruptive effect on the hydrogen-bonded network of the surrounding water molecules. 3. Hydrophobic side chains form higrogen bonds with polar side chain inside a protein 4. Hydrophobic side chains tend to interact with water molecules inside a protein

List the major subdivisions or components for each of the four types of compounds-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids-within living organisms. For example, fats are one major subdivision of lipids.

The cellular region where ribosomes are assembled is the a. nucleolus b. Endoplasmic Reticulum c. nucleus d. lysosomes

Sulfa drugs like Bactrim, given for bacterial infections, inhibit bacteria by blocking folic acid synthesis. The precursor molecule of folic acid is para- amino benzoic acid (PABA). Interestingly, PABA has a structure very similar to a sulfa drug. If a sulfa drug is present, the bacterial enzyme will bind the sulfa drug because of structural similarity. This is an example of Select one: a. enzyme induction b. enzyme repression c. noncompetitive inhibition d. competitive inhibition e. catabolite repression

Castration (removal of the testis) which result in rise of which of these hormones? (A) TSH and FSH (B) ACTH and LH (C) ACTH and TSH (D) LH and FSH (E) None of the above B E D A C

ALL are lipid soluble- hormones EXCEPT (A) Triiodothyronine (B) Nitric Oxide (C) Aldosterone (D) Progesterone (E) Insulin B C D E A

The following table describes five molecules that belong to the same class. Molecule Hemoglobin Amylase Immunoglobulin Collagen Aquaporin Function transports oxygen in the blood an enzyme that breaks down starch an antibody produced in response to an invading particle the main structural component of connective tissues transports water in and out of the cell Which class of biomolecule do the molecules in the table belong to? A lipids B. carbohydrates C. proteins D. nucleic acids

Proteins-large complex molecules-are major building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to proteins. a. The chemical composition and levels of structure of proteins

(1 point) There are 4 amino acids below. Draw a large RECTANGLE acid. Draw a large CIRCLE around the one Polar amino acid.

(2points) Explain the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids. Please define both. How many of each are there? Which ones are essential? What is a "complete protein?" What is an "incomplete protein?" Give examples of each. How would a vegan or vegetarian use 2 different incomplete proteins to create a meal that has the full complement of amino acids? Please give at least 3 examples of meals that utilize pairing of 2 incomplete but complementary proteins.

1. John likes to make oatmeal cookies. Each oatmeal cookie supplies about 67 kcal, and includes 3 g of fat, 9 g of carbohydrate, and 1 g of protein. Calculate the approximate kcal contributed by fat, by protein, and by carbohydrate. Enter numbers only (no units or symbols). 1a. Kcal in the cookie from fat: 1b. Kcal in the cookie from carbohydrate: 1c. Kcal in the cookie from protein: 2. Each oatmeal cookie supplies about 67 kcal total. Calculate the approximate percentages of total kilocalories in the cookie that are contributed by fat, by carbohydrate, and by protein. 2a. Percent of total kcal from fat: 2b. Percent of total kcal from carbohydrate: 2c. Percent of total kcal from protein:

Using the appropriate bond energies, calculate the heat of reaction ΔH for the following reaction: You can find a table of bond energies by using the Data button on the ALEKS toolbar.

Many oxygen containing organic compounds are called by common names. Draw the structures of the following. 1. Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) 2. Glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) 3. Formaldehyde (methanal) 4. Acetone or dimethyl ketone (propanone) 5. Isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) 6. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) 7. Phenol (hydroxybenzene)

26. The pediatric IV bags of glucose also often contain 0.9% NaCl because if the glucose gets taken up by the cells, then the IV fluid added essentially becomes hypotonic water. This. is sometimes called "DNS" (dextrose normal saline). The salt keeps the fluid isotonic. How many grams of NaCl would be in 750ml of DNS?

Marshmallows and other simple sugars will ignite easily because they have a low A. tolerance for interaction B. potential energy C. activation energy D. spontaneous

Reception of a signal by a cell is dependent on the type of protein present in the cell's [?]. A. intron sequence B phospho- lipid bilayer C nucleus

Arguably the most important macromolecule is _, which is configured with unique structural and functional properties. A. carbohydrate B. lipid C. glucose D. protein

The electronegative atom that gives water its unique properties A. h. B. Hydrogen. C. oxygen. D. Ox. is

C, H, O, N and P are found in A. 96% of DNA molecules. B. 96% of all living matter. C. the primordial soup. D. abiotic matter only.

2. We thought this was not going to end well, but to our surprise, the Good Samaritan ran into the road and grabbed our little puppy, Eli, before the semi truck could hit him. Sent What is the allusion in this sentence? What does this allusion mean? ...... ******

The difference between a primary and secondary structure of an enzyme is A. a beta helix B. peptide bonding C. 3-D shape D. folding

A(n) inhibitor slows the reaction rate because the products are blocking the active site from the substrate. A. competitive B. non-competitive C. allosteric D. retroactive

The two main "shuttle buses" of cellular respiration are [?] and [ ]. Pyruvate Acetyl COA NAD+

My granola bar has 4g of Fat, 18g of Carbohydrates, and 2g of Protein. Using the previous question for your calculations, how many Calories are in my granola bar

Which ONE of the following is the most important factor when it comes to producing fatty acid tails? The presence and inhibition by palmitoyl CoA. The availability of Coenzyme A. The export of citrate from the mitochondria. The activity of acyltransferases.

The normal induction dosage that my wife gives for the drug Propofol is 1.8 mg/kg. How much propofol should she give her 90kg patient to make them go to sleep? (Dr. Conrad Murray got this problem wrong and killed Michael Jackson!)

Which of the following is NOT a step of the cell cycle? A. growth C. translation B. division D. replication

The first step of glycolysis consumes energy. Two high energy ATP molecules phosphorylate glucose. How do ATP molecules store energy? a) High energy bonds between phosphate groups b) Conjugated double bonds store high amounts of energy c) Their small size allows for concentrated energy d) In the adenosine ring

So in summary, glycolysis breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules. How many carbon atoms does one molecule of pyruvate contain? a) 3 carbon atoms b) 6 carbon atoms c) 4 carbon atoms d) 1 carbon atom