Biomolecules Questions and Answers

uestion 22 2 points Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group an amino group a carbon containing group and a hydrogen atom are cal amino acids O fatty acids O enzymes O peptides O nucleotides

estion 2 Experiments are carried out to test a hypothesis by changing one variable at a time and including an unchanged variable termed a n O experimental variable O altered variable O control

d Identify and explain one output of the bottled water production and consumption system that could have a negative effect on the environment

During glycolysis aldolase catalyzes the breakdown of fructose 1 6 bisphosphate to produce Ophosphoenolpyruvate dihydroxyacetone phosphate fructose 6 phosphate A and B

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD NADH in glycolysis NADH is used to directly create the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP NAD accepts electrons NADH accepts electrons during fermentation NADH is used primarily in substrate level phosphorylation

Each of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes electron transfer to NADH FADH2 except x ketoglutarate dehydrogenase succinyl CoA synthetase isocitrate dehydrogenase succinate dehydrogenase

In the enzyme experiment to determine the rate of enzymatic activity you could have measured the consumption of what H O2 02 H O

With calcium and ATP present contraction can occur The myosin head cocks bind to actin and myosin pulls actin toward the center of the sarcomere This movement of myosin is called the and it is responsible for contraction action potential filament switch power stroke resting membrane potential

Can you please make one question about this topic regulation glycology and answer it in a paragraph in your own words

14 With the TSI agar an organism that does not ferment any of the carbohydrates but utilizes peptone and amino acids will alkalinize the medium and turn it a Red b Yellow 101 laitroza c Black d Green ybula adi

13 What three carbohydrates are in TSI agar a Glucose fructose galactose molsvew 129710da sitt cn VU To b Sucrose lactose glucose c Lactose maltose sucrose d Glucose maltose galactose appli

bacteria rec mydrogen s production of ferrous with H S black pre the SIM a positive that indi result is results 10 With which agar can you observe gas in the butt of the tube a MIO b SIM C TSI d Urea sidiary on 26W 850 10 svifizoq saidt al bsau 11 Urinary tract pathogens from the genus 318 6152360 HT may be distinguished from other

TABLE 47 1 Results for Various Biochemical Tests Test Abbreviation Detects ONPG ADH LDC ODC CIT H S URE TDA IND VP GEL B galactosidase lactose hydrolysis Arginine dihydrolase Lysine decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Citrate utilization Hydrogen sulfide H S production Urea hydrolysis Tryptophan deamination Indole production Acetoin production Voges Proskauer test Gelatin hydrolysis 9 12 Negative Result Colorless Yellow Yellow Yellow Colorless Yellow Colorless light yellow Colorless Colorless Positive Result Yellow pale color is possible 10 11 13 Red or orange Red or orange Red or orange Brown Pink or red Pink or red pale color is possible Black pigment diffuses s

continued 1 Suppose you remove your test cultures from the incubator and notice that one of them a known fermenter has a gas bubble in the Durham tube Knowing that fermenters frequently produce gas you ignore the bubble and proceed to the next step Adding reagents produces no change and neither does adding zinc Based on this information what can you conclude Be sure to explain your reasoning

1 Select the true statement s about an MR negative bacterium select all that apply a It performed mixed acid fermentation b It converted glucose to acidic products c It may convert glucose to acetoin d It produced methyl red e It may perform 2 3 butanediol fermentation

The amino acid shown below is which of the following COO HN C H H C CH CH O tryptophan O proline O histidine O leucine arginine

3 The florescent dye attached to ddNTPs in DNA sequencing A aids in visualization of the DNA strand when the ddNTP is incorporated and determine what base it is B acts as a catalyst for the reaction terminates the reaction aids in electrophoresis None of the above

1 Calculate the population growth expected in a sample of E coli of 108 per ml in 10 ml of medium over 24 hours Hint use the Nert equation for population growth N Noe Where r 0 25 and 7 generations are expected over 24 hours

Name Serenity m Period 3 Directions For each of the following statements write true or false T or F 1 Carbon atoms can bond together in straight chains branched chains or rings 2 Large carbon based molecules composed of repeating subunits are commonly referred to as macromolecules E F 3 Polymers are formed by hydrolysis 4 Cells use carbohydrates for energy Directions Write each item below under the correct heading cellulose Sucrose Starch Monosaccharides 5 C6H12O6 6 Glucose 7 Pructose fructose glucose Disaccharide 8 lactose cellulare 9 Description 13 Form the structure that stores genetic information 14 Most consist of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule 15 DNA and RNA C6H O6 16 Commonly called fats and oils 17 Made up of amino acids 18 Used for long term energy storage insulation Lipids ON A Date 0 7 07 glycogen lactose 10 11 Polysaccharide starch 914209e 12Sucrose Proteins Nucleic Acids IDNA

Place the events in the correct order DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 5 to 3 direction Replication fork is formed DNA polymerase attaches to the primer Okazaki fragments are bound together by ligase

When Curvularia protuberata reproduce sexually they produce the structure seen above Based on this structure you can conclude that C protuberata is a member of the Basidiomycota Ascomycota Zygomycota Chytridiomycota

1 What is the hormonal signal regulating the pathway shown in th figure 2 What s the difference between PFK 1 and PFK 2 3 How does PFK 2 regulate glycolysis 4 What s the role of CAMP

QUESTION 1 Transmembrane proteins Identity markers 7 No energy Channel 4 1 Carrier 3 Transporters Transmembrane proteins Non polar amino acids Pump 5 L Protein structure 8 A Attachment proteins 8 Na K C Hydrophobic region D Passive Transport E Glycoproteins F Facilitated diffusion G Aquaporins H Hydrophilic region 1 Active transport Energy 2 Intermediate filaments 6 Polar amino acids 9

12 h the protein classification to it s function example Carrier Receptors Clathrins Glycoproteins Channels Spectrins Glycolipids Ques 7 points A Determine the shape of cells RBCs B Selective tunnels that pass sodium and potassium in neurons C Transmit information into cell bind peptide hormones and neurotransmitters D Blood type markers E Concentration of low density lipoprotein receptor with coated pits anchor proteins to specific sites F Sodium Potassium pump actively or passively transports molecules across membrane G MHC recognized by immune system Self recognition

Question 1 Using the image below answer the following questions A B CH O C O CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH3 CH N CH3 CH CH3 O P 0 O 5 0 CH CH C O CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH Using the image above which region is the polar region of the phospholipid Using the image above which region of the phospholipid is hydrophobic Which region of the image above illustrates the fatty acid tails Using the image above which region is hydrophillic

Helps determine the overall shape of a cell Can span both layers of a membrane Can allow diffusion of gases Forms a semipermeable barrier Often carbohydrate attached to lipid or protein Interior protein network 1 4 Cell surface marker 4 4 Phospholipid bilayer 2 4 Transmembrane protein 3 4

3 Which of the three alcohols seems to affect membranes the most How did you com this conclusion 1 point a Methanol b Ethanol c Propanol

Yes the order is A B C Yes the order is A C B No based on this data alone the order could be A B C or B A C No based on this data alone the order could be A C B or C A B Yes the order is C A B Question 12 4 5 pts You obtain an F1 dihybrid by crossing the parents AABB x aabb You perform a test cross of the dihybrid AaBb and score the phenotypes of 1 071 progeny Assuming a frequency of recombination of 36 how many of the progeny do you expect to display the dominant phenotype for both the A and B genes round to nearest integer Question 13 4 5 pts

O Genetic linkage preserves parental combination of syntenic genes O Genetic linkage very often prevents independent assortment of syntenic genes Genetic linkage can occur only between syntenic genes Genetic linkage between two genes is severed when an odd number of crossing over events take place Genetic linkage leads to higher rate of mutation of linked genes Question 17 4 5 pts A convenient unit of distance between linked genes on a chromosome that relies on recombination frequencies between the linked

Ellis always sticks to just one drink when going out with friends What is the ONLY option if Ellis wants to stick to one standard serving of alcohol O A OB O C a 1 5 ounce shot of liquor with 40 alcohol O D a 12 ounce can of beer with 5 5 alcohol a 16 ounce bottle of beer with 4 5 alcohol a 5 ounce glass of wine with 14 alcohol

1 Draw the neoclassical labor market supply with full employment Label the equilibrium real wage w and the equilibrium quantity of labor L

Design an experiment that would increase the pH and maintain a homeostasis You need to remember that photosynthesis is this reaction 6CO 6H O Light Carbon Dioxide Water C6H12O6 Glucose 60 Oxygen Remember when the carbon dioxide level decreases the carbonic acid will also decrease that means the pH will increase With that information please come up with a design that will increase the pH of the solution

What are lipid metabolism problems and what promotes lipid metabolism

Read the sentences and answer the following question Whenever Sandra feels stress and a little anxiety from all of her troubles she just goes running for a while The key words stress anxiety and trouble refer to a person s O face O mood O nature O disguise

H What would happen to an enzyme that was placed into an acidic solution Explain them to

a Describe what an enzyme does

Kingdom Protista may be divided in their modes of nutrition Choose all that apply Plant like Animal like Fungi like Worm like Lichen like Amoeba like

Unit 3 Chemistry of Life Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question 1 Which of the following makes up a molecule of water a one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen b one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen d two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen C 2 Ice floats on water because a of cohesion b ice has a higher density than water 3 Water molecules are polar with the a oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative b oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive c oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative d oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive 4 22 a b 4 30 4 A map of eastern North America showing the pH of rainfall in the various states indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4 22 to 4 40 According to these figures the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of 5 Nucleotide is to DNA as a fat is to lipid b amnio acid is to RNA 6 A monosaccharide is a a carbohydrate b lipid water shrinks when it freezes d water expands when it freezes a b lipids Mac a b help to fight disease C control the rate of reactions d build tissues such as muscle egonin c 4 35 d 4 40 c monosaccharide is to fat d monosaccharide is to starch i moda demin 1 7 Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things carbohydrates negovia c 6 nucleic acids d proteins to mot silt big c nucleic acid protein 8 Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins store and transmit genetic information ca 9 Which statement is true a Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides Glycerol is made of fatty acids b C RNA molecules are made of nucleotides d Amino acids are made of proteins com

When the official unemployment rate is greater than the sum of frictional and structural unemployment The economy is in expansion The economy is operating at the natural rate of unemployment The economy is operating at zero unemployment The economy is in recession

Esben 1935 1502 Shaded meas indicate U S recessiona 1905 1990 1870 1900 1000 1000 Source U S Bureau of Labor Statistion 1993 2000 2008 2014 2015 fred stoutsted org What caused the declining trend in the labor force participation rate since 2000s OFemale workers leaving the labor force Voluntary quits due to generous government supports O Baby boomers retiring Discouraged workers leaving the labor force

Referring to the accompanying data what is GDP Types of Expenditures Consumer durable goods Consumer nondurable consumer goods Government consumption Business fixed investment Residential investment Government investment Exports Inventory investment Transfer payments Consumer services Tax revenues Imports R D In billion of dollars 200 400 200 100 100 200 100 50 50 600 300 200 50

Triacylglycerols Pectins Steroids Fatty acids Question 2 1 point Listen Membranes from cells grown in media enriched with stearate are less fluid than normal membranes This is because the cultured membranes probably have fewer sterols compared to normal membranes the cultured membranes have more unsaturated fatty acids compared to normal membranes the cultured membranes have a lower transition temperature compared to normal membranes ultured membranes have more saturated fatty acids compared to normal

2 Why do we need to maintain lower speed during centrifugation of cell lysate 3 Describe differential centrifugation 4 Draw the structure of SDH 5 Describe separation of nuclei and mitochondria from plant tissue NDU

1 What are the key principles behind SDS PAGE Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and how does it aid in protein analysis during the isolation process 2 Can you explain the significance of Western blot analysis in protein research and how complements other protein purification techniques 3 In ion exchange chromatography how do you determine the optimal concentration of NaCl required to elute proteins with high affinity for the column 4 Are there specific challenges or considerations when isolating proteins from plant tissues like spinach leaves compared to other sources 5 What are some potential applications or downstream experiments that researchers might conduct after successfully isolating and purifying a specific protein from spinach leaves

lon exchange column We will be using Q Sepharose fast flow columns to perform ion exchange chromatography to further purify RuBisCo from other proteins The resin in the column consists of tiny spherical beads of cross linked 6 agarose with bound dextran having a positive charge known as an anionic exchanger thus allowing negatively charged proteins to adhere to the beads in the column Applying our samples through the columns will enable us to separate proteins based on their affinities for the positively charged column resin There is approximately 5 mL of Q Sepharose packed into the column

4 Write a balanced chemical equation for the esterification of hexanol with acetic acid

Isolation of Proteins From Spinach Leaves There are thousands of enzymes that have been characterized in the past century Enzymes are the proteins within cells that catalyze most of the reactions necessary for cellular viability In order to study enzymes scientists must first isolate them from other cellular components Thus the techniques employed for the purification of proteins from cells are essential and broadly applicable to protein enzyme research There are numerous methods to isolate proteins One method known as Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation precipitates proteins out of solution by adding ammonium sulfate The incremental addition of ammonium sulfate changes the solubility of proteins in solution Since ammonium sulfate has a higher affinity for water than most proteins do water tends to interact with the salt instead of the proteins This results in less interactions of proteins with water as salt is added to a protein solution In a high enough salt concentration the salt ions will interact with and displace all of the water molecules interacting with the proteins When the protein is no longer participating in hydrogen bonding with water it then precipitates This precipitate can then be collected as a pellet following centrifugation of the sample The resulting pellet theoretically contains all of the precipitated protein in the cell However this pellet usually contains more than one protein In most cases further purification steps are needed in order to completely purify the protein you wish to study In addition to ammonium sulfate precipitation you will also perform an ion exchange chromatography SDS PAGE and Western blot analysis After proteins are separated by solubility in the ammonium sulfate precipitation ion exchange chromatography will further separate the proteins based upon their net negative charge Proteins that are negatively charged will adhere to the positively charged beads that make up the resin of the ion exchange column Figure 1 The proteins disassociate from the beads in the presence of NaCl as the chloride anion displaces the proteins interactions with the beads Lower NaCl wil disassociate weakly bound proteins from the column whereas high NaCl is required to disassocial proteins that have a high affinity for the column During ion exchange chromatography the elue is collected as fractions and assayed for protein concentration by determining the absorbance 280 nm The fractions with high protein concentration are retained

100 ng L is equal to 0 1 g mL 100 mg L 0 0001 g mL 100 mg mL Question 4 1 point 10 g mL is equal to 10 ng L 0 1 g L 10 g L 1000 mg L Saved

25 Looking at the diagram which vehicles are required to stop for the school bus on a multiple lane road B A E DD

Components and Structure Drag and drop the characteristics of macromolecules to their correct category Phospholipids Proteins Carbohydrates Proteins and Carbohydrates Categorize options by drag drop im Phospholipids and Proteins Involved in the transport of materials in or out of the cell Function as enzymes Amphiphilic Found only on the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane Forms a bilayer Involved in cell recognition Contains saturated or unsaturated fatty acids Component of glycoproteins and glycolipids The main component of the plasma membrane