Cell: The Unit of Life Questions and Answers

net transfer of molecules is zero True False Question 4 Diffusion is the principle way substances move within cells True 1 pts

Plasma membranes separate the cells internal components from the external environment Identify the organelle that is not membrane bound Endoplasmic reticulum Nuclear envelope Mitochondria O Chloroplast Ribosome Tonoplast Peroxisome

The depth of field increases with the magnification True False

Anabaena Amoeba Paramecium Euglena Carrot Onion and Potato Cell structures Amyloplast Chromoplast Nucleus Cell Wall Reagents and Stains Methylene blue Lugol s reagent llulose ert glad hot Har

with trapped debris out of the lungs microfilaments intermediate filaments flagella hairlike structures called O cilia Question 18 1 point 44 Listen All of the following are true of ionic bonds EXCEPT Formed between oppositely charged ions Form from the transfer of an electron Results in ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds help s

O True O False any cells QUESTION 23 Despite being correct about the first two tenets of the Cell Theory Schleiden and Schwann made an error about another central feature of cells What was their error O They stated that all cells were smaller than 2 in diameter O They claimed that all cells were exactly the same in every detail O They stated that all cells were immortal O They both agreed that cells could arise from noncellular materials O They claimed that all cells had nuclei through their entire existence QUESTION 24 The genetic material of a prokaryotic cell is present in a surrounding cytoplasm 1 a poorly demarcated region of the cell that lacks a boundary membrane to separate it from the

QUESTION 16 Hematopoietic stem cells is capable of reconstituting the entire blood forming system of an irradiated mouse O True O False QUESTION 17 Cellular processes are highly regulated O True O False ally from scratch is known as QUESTION 18 Cyanobacteria are obviously capable of photosynthesis but many of them also convert nitrogen gas into reduced forms of nitrogen such as ammonia that can duding amino acids and nucleotides This process is called

Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism for human O True O False QUESTION 8 Who was the first person to describe living single cells O Leeuwenhoek Hooke O Schleiden O Schwann O Virchow QUESTION 9 antial to proliferate as is characteristic of ES cells

What factor or factors discovered with electron microscopy distinguished prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells Otheir size Otheir color O the types of their internal structures or organelles Otheir fragility Otheir size and the types of their internal structures or organelles QUESTION 14 Bacteria will often pass a piece of DNA from a donor bacterial cell to a recipient bacterial cell presumably through a structure called a pilus What is this process called O confirmation O transduction O transformation O conjugation Ofission QUESTION 15 The field of biological research in which biologists are attempting to create a living cell in the laboratory essentially from scratch is known as

QUESTION 20 The process by which a relatively unspecialized cell becomes highly specialized is called QUESTION 21 What advantageous uses have viruses been shown to have O The activities of viral genes mimic those of host genes so they are useful for studying mechanisms of DNA replication and gene expression in their much mo complex hosts O They can be used as a means to introduce foreign genes into human cells which may serve as a basis for treatment of human diseases by gene therapy O Insect killing viruses may play an increasing role in the war against insect pests O Bacteria killing viruses may play an increasing role in the war against bacterial pathogens

Which of the following is not a model organism Mus musculus O Drosophila melanogaster Homo sapiens O Arabidopsis thaliana O Caenorhabditis elegans QUESTION 43 Which of the following is not typically a behavior exhibited by a cell with a proviral infection O Immediate production of new viruses and subsequent lysis of the host cell O Normal behavior until exposure to a stimulus like UV radiation that activates dormant viral DNA leading to lysis of the host cell and release of viral prog O Production of new viral progeny that bud at the cell surface without lysing the infected cell O Loss of control in animal cells over their growth and division followed by malignancy QUESTION 44 Pluripotent cells are capable of differentiating into every type of cell in the body True

The purpose of bone marrow transplantation and blood transfusion are similar O True O False QUESTION 49 The first culture of human cells was begun by George and Martha Gey of Johns Hopkins University in 1951 The cells were obtained from a malignant tumor and named a cells after the donor b QUESTION 50 The most appropriate unit of measurement for most types of cells is angstroms True 4

a Find all the parts described in Part 1 of the procedure and discuss what their are a few differences between our microscopes vs this photo Coarse focus Fine focus Mechanical stage knobs Dial One Off switch From wiki commons Nikon Ocular lens Objective lens 125 Slide holder Stage Iris diaphragm Condenser knob hidden b How much does the third lens high power magnify 0000001930 TRAS c Which lens should you never use this semester il s

The enter site of the Golgi apparatus is referred to as the site is pointed toward the region and the exit site as the and the exit toward the The

Match the structure with the appropriate cytoskeletal filament Choose MT for microtubule MF for microfilament IF for intermediate filament cellular tracks stress fiber nuclear lamina Choose Choose Choose K

What is the smallest level of biological organization Cell Organism Atom Population Molecule Biosphere

e 11 organelle nucleus 12 cell wall membrane 13 cytoplasm 14 genetic material 15 organelle mitochondrion a 3 2 Choose d a b e C Choose Choose b

Multiple Choice O O solute dissolved in another solute solute dissolved in a solvent solvent mixed with another solvent

The of energy The diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane is called This type of sexual reproduction in bacteria involves the transfer of genetic material between two cells which creates cells with different DNA This is called A is a diploid cell formed from the fusion of male and is a substance taken in the treatment of bacterial female gametes An infections The is a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles is a type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes that involves a cell is all the possible combinations splitting into two identical cells In genetics the of alleles that an organism has for a trait is a type of diffusion across a semi permeable membrane in which substances are transported through the membrane with the help of protein channels and carriers are bundles of hollow are organelles in the cell that play an important role for cells as a source cylinders made of protein that help bring about an orderly distribution of chromosomes by attaching to the centromeres of a chromosome and pulling it to opposite sides of the cell

Part III Is there a net gain or loss of ATP during the transport of the citrate O gain loss

Part III Given that polyurethane is a huge polymer MW 100 000 Daltons and that it is relevant for metabolism what is the metabolic entry point O The Cell Wall The Cell Membrane O Glycolysis OTCA cycle Electron Transport Chain

Dank EI Phenotype Spindle fibers Diffusion Conjugation Facilitated diffusion Antibiotic Fluid mosaic Osmosis Binary fission Heterozygous Genotype Nucleus Prokaryote Recessive trait Mitochondria Zygote The several parts that make up the whole membrane In genetics the description of the organisms trait ie Blue eyes brown hair The not expressed when the dominant allele is present The director and is the control center of the cell In genetics genes are unalike as in one is dominant and one is a recessive gene movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until tration between the two areas is balanced is a description of a cell membrane It is like a stained glass window with is the physical of the cell is the means that the is is the

a Examine the fossil reptile trackway the holes made by a boring clam and also the specimen with tube like structures The latter is an exceedingly common type of trace fossil Many marine and freshwater worms burrow through soft sediment ingesting the sediment as they move along and then filling the burrow with their droppings essentially sediment This process produces the tube like structures seen here Which depositional environment did each specimen form in marine or continental trackway specimen boring clam specimen worm burrows

c Given their size and simple cell structure to which of the three major groups of the universal tree of life might these specimens belong Bacteria Archaea or Eukarya

Define apoptosis

Why is a spectrophotometer important in science To determine the concentration of a particular chemical in a materi All of these answers are correct To determine the chemical make up of a material

Match the term with its definition endosymbiotic theory germ theory of disease spontaneous generation cell theory Choose cells are the fundamental units of organisms life arises from non life disease can result from microbial infection mitonchodria and chloroplasts arose from prokayotic cell being encorporated into eukaryot Choose Attempt due 24 Minute Choose

Which of the following structures are used by some bacteria as they transfer DNA between bacterial cells O pili flagella fimbriae capsule

Which of the following is a survival structure made by members of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium O nucleoid O ribosome O endospore O inclusion

If a cell were placed in a hypertonic solution what direction would water move O the water would flow in and out of the cell equally O the water doesn t move O into the cell O out of the cell

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of a prokaryotic cell O DNA is double stranded O has a cell wall O does not contain a nucleus O contains organelles

Gene flow is the exchange of genes during fertilization the movement of genes between species populations the migration of species populations to new areas mating between close relatives

This organism belongs to the Ciliate group Given this information are Ciliates more closely related to Slime Molds or to Green Plants

1 Spirogyra This is a member of the Chlorophyta or Green Algae They are capable of photosynthesis thanks to organelles they contain called chloroplasts Spyrogyra cells attach to each other to form chains In some of the chains in this slide you can see the cell nuclei are large and visible because the cells are preparing to reproduce In other chains look for a thin spiral structure winding through each cell On the spiral are arranged little green balls kind of like a strand of lights The chloroplasts are the tiny spheres All eukaryotes that are capable of photosynthesis do so with chloroplasts but not necessarily arranged on a spiral How much smaller very roughly are the chloroplasts compared to the eukaryote cell in which they reside

When did childbirth in the US begin to move out of the home and into the hospital 1920s 1930s O 1880s 1890s O 1950s 1960s O 1800s 1810s

What are the parts of a nucleotide 1 Phosphate group II 5 Carbon sugar III Nitrogenous base IV 3 carbon sugar O I II II IV O I II III O I IV O II III IV Question 8

From the choices select three criteria used to define life in general responds to stimuli maintains homeostasis occupies space reproduces

How would an organism maintain membrane fluidity in an environment where temperatures fluctuated from very high to very low Greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids in membranes Greater proportion of saturated phospholipids in membranes Greater proportion of carbohydrates in membranes Greater proportion of proteins in membranes 5 According to the fluid mosaic model of the plasma cell membrane what is the location of carbohydrates in the cell membranes Carbohydrates are in contact with the aqueous fluid both inside and outside the cell Carbohydrates are present only on the interior surface of a membrane Carbohydrates are present only on the exterior surface of a membrane Carbohydates span only the interior of a membrane 6 What do double bonds in phospholipid fatty acid tails contribute Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails 0 P 0 5 0 R OL O O CH CH CH O CIO CO Saturated fatty acid Unsaturated fatty acid to the fluidity of membranes the hydrophobic nature of membranes Phosphate Glycerol

1 Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure carbohydrates cholesterol glycolipid protein 2 In addition to a plasma membrane a eukaryotic cell has organelles such as mitochondria that also have membranes In which way would these membranes differ The proportion of phosphate within the phospholipids will vary Only certain membranes contain phospholipids Only certain membranes are selectively permeable The proportions of proteins lipids and carbohydrates will vary 3 Which characteristic of a phospholipid shown here increases the fluidity of the membrane Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails O P CH CH O O 0 CH CO CO H Saturated fatty acid Unsaturated fatty acid Phosphate Glycerol

J K E G D Cell 1 is Cell 2 is Letter F dots Cell 1 A Which cell is a plant cell and which cell is an animal cell Support your answer because because Cell 2 B Identify and state the function of the following structures on the diagram Function job Structure Name

10 Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion protein channels and active transport protein pumps Figure 8 14 Review A comparison of passive and active transport Similarities V V V V V Diffusion through lipid bilayer Facilitated diffusion O Passive transport Copyright The Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co Inc ram Campbels BIOLOGY Fourth Edition pannana Active transport Differences

5 The diagram shows a cell membrane C I A Letter G and F point to the two parts of the phospholipid Which part is attracted to water polar hydrophilic Which part is not attracted to water nonpolar hydrophobic B Structure B is a and its function is to C Structure E is a and its function is to vo

3 Scientists discover a new single celled organism It has DNA and ribosomes It has NO mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum Is the cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic Explain The cell is because

Directions Answer all questions Answers must be in essay form Outline form is not acceptable Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion but in no case will a diagram alone suffice It is important that you read each question completely before you begin to write Write all your answers on the pages following the questions in the pink booklet 1 A major distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes a Describe the structure and function of TWO eukaryotic membrane bound organelles other than the nucleu b Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some non membrane bound components in common Describe the function of TWO of the following and discuss how each differs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA Cell wall Ribosomes c Explain the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells and discuss an example of evidence supporting this theory

Explain how the shapes of various cells help to carry out its function within the body

A tissue is a collection of related cell types that work together to carry out a specific function Different tissues come together to form organs The cells tissues and organs of the body interact to meet the needs of the entire organism Using the Internet and or your textbook conduct research to determine which type of tissue matches the descriptions and fill in the chart below Recall that the four tissue types are muscle nervous epithelial and connective Tissue Type Description Covers the body and lines internal surfaces Regulates function of other tissues Supports protects and binds other tissues Contractile tissue Receives and responds to stimuli Smooth cardiac and skeletal Regulates the body s response to its environment Protective sheets of tightly packed cells connected by tight junctions

Define apoptosis

Explain how the shapes of various cells help to carry out its function within the body Use evidence from the slides to support your answer

How can the differences in the shapes of cells be explained

Which of the following is a difference between a viroid and a virus O Viroids are alive and viruses are not O Viroids are composed solely of nucleic acid while viruses are composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat O Viroids contain some genes important for their own replication while viruses rely entirely on host cell enzymes for their replication O Viroids infect only plants while viruses infect only animals and prokaryotes O Viroids are not infectious particles and viruses often cause disease